COMPUTERS AND NURSING

Chapter 1
Overview of Computers and Nursing
Nursing Informatics
represents the transition of data and data information and knowledge into action
represents the practice, administration, community health, nursing education, and
nursing research applications
addresses other new applications such as international aspects or peripheral to the
field such as legal, consumer issues, or theoretical issues
A specialty that integrates
nursing science,
computer science,
and information science
to manage and communicate
data,
information,
and knowledge in nursing practice.
facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support patients,
nurses, and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings
support is accomplished through the use of information
structures, information processes, and information
technology

The organizing framework for clinical

information systems: critical
knowledge as the critical factor

Chapter 2
Historical Perspectives of Nursing and the Computer
Major Historical Perspectives of Nursing and Computers
Six Time Period
Prior to the 1960s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
Post-2000
Four Major Nursing Areas
Nursing Practice
Nursing Administration
Nursing Education
Nursing Research
Standard Initiatives
Nursing Practice Standards
Nursing Data Standards

 Health Care Data Standards Organizations

Six Time Period

Prior to
the
1960s

image of nursing was improving

nursing practices and services
were expanding its scope and
complexity
the number of nurses was
increasing
nurses station in the hospital
was viewed as the hub of
information exchange
the appropriate center for the
development of the computer
applications

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

Post2000

computers were initially used in

health care facilities for basic
business office functions

nurses recognized the computers

potential for improving the
documentation of nursing
practice, the quality of patient
care, and the repetitive aspects of
managing patient care.

CRT terminals was

introduced, online data
communications, and realtime processing
HIS was primarily developed
to process financial
transactions and serve as
billing and accounting
systems

the field of informatics emerged

in the health care industry and
nursing
NI became an accepted specialty
and many nursing experts
entered the field

computer technology became an

integral part of health care
settings, nursing practice, and the
nursing profession
policies and legislation were
adopted promoting computer
technology in health care
including nursing
CIS became more individualized in the
EPR(electronic Patient Record) and
EHR(electronic health record)

several mainframe HISs were

designed and developed, a
few of which eventually
became forerunners of a
number of todays systems

PC emerged which made

computers more accessible,
affordable, and usable by
nurses and other health care
providers
user-friendly and allowed
nurses to create their own
applications
workstations are connected
to networks(LAN)
1995 Internet was made
more public with the
introduction of emails.

wireless point-of-care, serious

considerations for open source
solutions, regional database
projects, and increased IT solutions
targeted at all healthcare
environments