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Preface
It is assumed that the student is familiar with the content of the corresponding Mathematics syllabus.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Coordinate Geometry
Example 1
y
C
A
T
x
B
Solution:
(i)
p
(1 1)2 + (3 2)2
= 4 + 25
= 29 units
BA =
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
(ii)
gradient of BA =
5
2 3
=
1 1
2
tan =
5
2
= 112
(iii) Equation of ` is x + 2y 5 = 0,
5
1
1
y = x + gradient is
2
2
2
Gradient of BC = 2
(since BC `)
Equation of BC is y 2 = 2(x 1)
y + 2 = 2x 2
2x y 4 = 0 is the equation of BC.
(iv) Solving simultaneously:
2x y 4 = 0
(1)
x + 2y 5 = 0
(2)
(1) 2 4x 2y 8 = 0 (3)
(3) + (2) 5x 13 = 0
x=
In (2)
13
5
13
+ 2y 5 = 0
5
2y =
12
5
y=1
T =
3 1
2 ,1
5 5
1
5
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
5
(v) The equation of BA is y 3 = (x + 1).
2
2y 6 = 5x 5
5x + 2y 1 = 0
72
5 13 + 2 6 1
5
5
d=
= 5
2
2
5 +2
29
72
=
5 29
72 29
units
=
145
(vi)
Area of the triangle AT B =
1
72
29 = 7.2 cm2
2
5 29
Example 2
y
O
C
A
B
OC is parallel to AB and OA is parallel to BC.
A (0, 2), B = (1, 4) and O is the origin.
(i) Find the coordinates of C.
(ii) Find the area of OABC.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
(i)
gradient of AB =
4 2
= 2
10
Example 3
Plot the points A (1, 4), B (7, 2) and C (1, 2) on the number plane.
(i) Show that AB AC.
(ii) Find the area of triangle ABC.
(iii) Write down the three inequalities that define the region enclosed by the
sides of the triangle ABC.
(i)
A
B
x
gradient of AB =
1
24
= = m1
71
3
gradient of AC =
2 4
= 3 = m2
1 1
AB AC
(m1 m2 = 1)
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
(ii)
p
(7 1)2 + (2 4)2 = 40
p
AC = (1 1)2 + (4 2)2 = 40
AB =
area =
1
40 40 = 20 units2
2
1
(iii) Equation of AB is y 4 = (x 1),
3
3y 12 = x + 1
x + 3y 13 = 0
Equation of AC is y 4 = 3(x 1),
y 4 = 3x 3
3x y + 1 = 0
gradient of BC =
2 2
1
=
7 1
2
1
equation of BC is y 2 = (x 7)
2
2y 4 = x 7
x 2y 3 = 0
for AB : x 3y 13 < 0
for AC : 3x + y + 1 > 0
for BC : x 2y 3 < 0
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1)
y
R
x
The diagram shows the points P (2, 0), Q (3, 2) and R (2, 2). is
the acute angle between QR and P R.
(i) Show that P and Q lie on the line 2x + y + 4 = 0.
1
.
2
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
B
D
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
5)
(i) Find the equation of the straight line AB, given that A has coordinates (2, 1) and that AB is parallel to the line whose equation is 3x y + 1 = 0.
(ii) The line AB in (i) intersects the y-axis at C. Find the co-ordinates
of the midpoint of AC.
6)
(i) Show that the points (3, 4), (1, 2) and (5, 0) are collinear.
(ii) Show that the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is a tangent to the circle with
centre at the origin and radius 1 unit.
7)
(i) Find the co-ordinates of the point of intersection of the lines
x+y1=0
xy =0
(ii) Draw these lines on the number plane and indicate, by shading,
the region of intersection of
x + y 1 0, x y 0 and y 0
(iii) Find the area of the shaded region.
8) Plot the points A (3, 2), B (-1, -1) and C (0, 3).
(i) Find the equation of the line through C and parallel to AB.
(ii) Find the co-ordinates of D, the point where the line in (i) meets
the x-axis.
(iii) Prove that ABCD is a parallelogram.
9) Find the co-ordinates of A, on the line x = 2, such that the line joining
A to B (4, 7) is perpendicular to 3x y + 1 = 0.
10) Given that P , Q and S are the points (-1, -2), (2, 5) and (4, 1) respectively, and R lies in the first quadrant, find R so that P QRS is a
parallelogram.
END OF CHAPTER
10
R
x
The diagram shows the points P (2, 0), Q (3, 2) and R (2, 2). is the acute
angle between QR and P R.
(i) Show that P and Q lie on the line 2x + y + 4 = 0.
gradient of P Q =
02
= 2
2 3
equation of P Q is y 0 = 2(x 2)
y = 2x 4
2x + y + 4 = 0 is the equation of P Q, hence P and Q lie on the line.
(ii) Show that the gradient of P R is
1
.
2
gradient of P R =
20
1
=
2 2
2
= 16 + 4
= 20
= 2 5 units
PR =
11
1
2
1
= 1
2
PQ PR
(v) Find tan .
QR is parallel to the x-axis.
tan = mP R =
1
2
(vii) Find the equation of the circle with centre M that passes through R.
QR = 5 units
MR = 2
1
units
2
1
the circle has a radius of 2 units and centre
2
2
1 2
5
2
the equation is x +
+ (y 2) =
2
2
1 2
1
x+
+ (y 2)2 = 6
2
4
1
,2 .
2
12
(viii) Copy this diagram and shade the region which satisfies the inequality
2x + y + 4 0
R
x
|ax1 + by1 + c|
a2 + b2
a = 1, b = 4, c = 13, x1 = 1 and y1 = 2
p=
|1 1 4 2 + 13|
20
p
=
17
12 + (4)2
20
p = units.
17
(ii) Show that the lines intersect at Q (1, 3).
x 4y = 13
(1)
2x + y = 1
(2)
(2) 4
8x + 4y = 4
(1) + (3)
(3)
9x = 9
x=1
In (2) 2 1 + y = 1
y = 3
Q (1, 3)
(iii) Find the distance P Q.
P Q = 2 3
P Q = 5 units
3
25
=
0 2
2
7
2
= (x 1)
2
3
21
= 2x + 2
2
6y 21 = 4x + 4
4x 6y + 25 = 0
13
14
(iv) C lies on the line y = x + 1 and is equidistant from A and B. Find the
co-ordinates of C.
If C is equidistant from A and B then it must lie on the perpendicular bisector, as well as the line y = x + 1. Solving these two conditions simultaneously,
y =x+1
4x 6y + 25 = 0
(1)
(2)
x=9
1
1
C = 9 , 10
2
2
(from i)
4)
B
D
x
E
gradient of AD =
3
3 0
=
1 1
2
3
equation of AD is y 0 = (x 1)
2
2y = 3x 3
3x + 2y + 3 = 0
p=
|3 3 + 2 5 + 3|
32 + 2 2
22
=
13
22 13
units
=
13
p
(1 1)2 + (3 0)2
= 13 units
AD =
22
area of ABCD = 13 = 22 units2
13
(v) What fraction of the area of ABCD lies above the x-axis?
gradient of AB =
2 3
5
=
51
4
5
equation of AB is y 2 = (x 5)
4
15
16
(the y value of A)
1
2
3
4 3=6
2
5
5
7
10
5)
(i) Find the equation of the straight line AB, given that A has co-ordinates (2, 1)
and that AB is parallel to the line whose equation is 3x y + 1 = 0.
If AB is parallel to 3x y + 1 = 0 then it will be of the form 3x y + k = 0. Since
A(2, 1) lies on 3x y + k = 0,
3 2 1 + k = 0 k = 7
the equation of AB is 3x y 7 = 0
(ii) The line AB in (i) intersects the y-axis at C. Find the co-ordinates of the
midpoint of AC.
When x = 0, y = 7
C = (0, 7)
midpoint of AC =
2 + 0 1 7
,
2
2
= (1, 4)
17
6) (i) Show that the points (3, 4), (1, 2) and (5, 0) are collinear.
let A = (3, 4), B = (1, 2) and C = (5, 0)
gradient of AB =
1
42
=
3 1
2
gradient of BC =
20
1
=
1 5
2
gradient of AB = gradient of BC
A, B and C are collinear.
(ii) Show that the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is a tangent to the circle with centre at
the origin and radius 1 unit.
If the perpendicular distance from the centre O (0, 0) to the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0
is 1 unit (the circle radius) then this line is a tangent to the circle.
d=
=
|3 0 + 4 0 + 5|
32 + 4 2
5
=1
5
xy =0
(1) + (2)
x+y =1
(1)
xy =0
(2)
2x = 1
x=
the point of intersection is
1 1
,
2 2
1
1
and y =
2
2
18
(ii) Draw these lines on the number plane and indicate, by shading, the region of
intersection of
x + y 1 0, x y 0 and y 0
y
1
units.
2
1
1
1
1 = units2
2
2
4
8) Plot the points A (3, 2), B (-1, -1) and C (0, 3).
(i) Find the equation of the line through C and parallel to AB.
y
C
A
gradient of AB =
2 1
3
=
3 1
4
3
the equation of the line through C is y = x + 3
4
19
(ii) Find the co-ordinates of D, the point where the line in (i) meets the x-axis.
when y = 0,
3
x = 3
4
D (4, 0)
23
1
=
30
3
gradient of BD =
1 0
1
=
1 4
3
1
3
b7
1
=
24
3
2
2
b=7
3
3
2
A = 2, 7
3
b7=
20
10) Given that P , Q and S are the points (-1, -2), (2, 5) and (4, 1) respectively,
and R lies in the first quadrant, find R so that P QRS is a parallelogram.
R
gradient of P Q =
5 2
7
=
2 1
3
The run = 3 units and the rise = 7 units, from S (4, 1) the coordinates of R are
R = (4 + 3, 1 + 7)
= (7, 8) which lies in the first quadrant.
END OF CHAPTER