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Adams/Vibration Overview
Adams/Vibration, part of the MSC Adams 2010 suite of software, performs frequency-domain
analyses. Adams/Vibration is a plugin to the interface products Adams/Car, and Adams/View. It can also
be used standalone with an Adams/Solver model.
Using Adams/Vibration, you can study forced vibrations within your Adams models. You can also use
the results from Adams/Vibration in noise/vibration/harshness (NVH) studies to predict the impact of
vibrations in automobiles, trains, planes, and so on.
Adams/Vibration can run in two modes: interactive and batch. This guide focuses on using
Adams/Vibration in our Adams interface products, such as Adams/View (interactive mode). For
information on batch mode analysis, refer to the Adams/Vibration online help.
This guide includes the following sections:
Introducing the Problem
Building the Model
Testing the Model
Reviewing the Model
Improving Your Design
Optimizing the Model
Overview
This tutorial teaches you how to use Adams/Vibration in Adams/View to perform a vibration analysis on
an Adams model.
In this tutorial, you will investigate the operation of a satellite before the deployment of the solar panels
and the separation of the satellite from the launch vehicle. You will investigate the launch vibration
environment and its effect on the various components of the satellite.
This chapter provides details about the model you will use, and the problem you will address. It includes
the following sections:
What Youll Solve
What You Will Learn
What You Will Create
the location where Adams/Vibration is installed and that you have permission to execute
Adams/Vibration. If you do not know if Adams/Vibration is installed or where it is located, see
your local Adams/Vibration expert or system administrator.
responses.
Step 3 - Review: For free response, look at mode shapes and transient response. For forced
response, look at overall response animation, transfer function, frequency response function, and
modal participation tables.
Step 4 - Improve: Add force in the lateral direction and check the transmitted accelerations.
Change the stiffness and damping characteristics for the bushing in the vibration fixture.
Compare results to earlier results. Add a frequency-domain measure that you can use in further
design studies and optimization.
Build
Test
Review
Improve
Figure 1
Satellite
Payload
adapter
Launch
Vehicle
Figure 2
Overview
In this section, you start with a full nonlinear Adams model and add input channels, output channels, and
vibration actuators to the model.
Completing this section involves the following:
Starting Adams/View and Importing the Model
Loading Adams/Vibration
Simulating the Satellite Model
Creating Input Channels
Creating Output Channels
On Windows, you may need to set the permissions to Full Control to edit the tutorial files.
2. Do either of the following depending on the platform on which you are running Adams/View:
In UNIX, type the command to start the Adams Toolbar at the command prompt, and then
In Windows, from the Start menu, point to Programs, point to MSC.Software, point to MSC
next to the Start in text box. This displays the Find Directory
The Start in text box specifies the working directory that Adams/Vibration uses as the
default directory for reading and writing files.
Figure 3
Satellite
Loading Adams/Vibration
Because Adams/Vibration is a plugin to Adams/Car, and Adams/View, you need to load
Adams/Vibration when you use Adams/Vibration from within any of these products. If youre creating a
new model, or importing a model that has no Adams/Vibration data associated with it, you will need to
load the Adams/Vibration plugin. If, however, youre importing a model that already has
Adams/Vibration data, the plugin automatically loads when you open the model.
To load Adams/Vibration:
1. From the Tools menu, select Plugin Manager.
2. Select the Load checkbox next to Adams/Vibration.
3. Select OK.
Adams/View loads the Adams/Vibration plugin and displays the Vibration menu. If you receive
an error message, you might have a problem with your licensing. Contact your system
administrator or local Adams expert.
Remember, you only need to load Adams/Vibration when working with a new model. Once you
have an Adams/Vibration model, you do not have to load the product. It automatically loads when
you import your file.
To automatically load Adams/Vibration each time Adams/View starts up, in the Plugin
Manager, select the Load at Startup checkbox.
The model simulates the deployment of the solar panels, and then remains in simulate mode.
7. To return to the initial model configuration, select the Reset tool
A vibration actuator applies force input or a displacement, velocity, or acceleration to vibrate the system.
A typical design specification may call for an input acceleration level of 0.2 g2/Hz when applied as a
PSD. For this problem, we will use an equivalent force input normalized to a value of 1, since we are only
interested in the relative accelerations at various frequencies.
You will create two vibration actuators that apply two orthogonal input forces that drive the system with
sine waves over the range of specified frequencies. The y input will drive the satellite in the vertical
direction. The x input will drive the satellite laterally.
Then, you will create a third actuator that applies a 1g vertical acceleration in the y-direction.
Finally, you will review the vibration actuator.
To create input channels and vibration actuators:
1. From the Vibration menu, point to Build, point to Input Channel, and then select New.
The Create/Modify Vibration Input Channel dialog box appears.
2. In the Input Channel Name text box, enter .satellite.input_x.
3. Leave the default Force.
4. Right-click the Input Marker text box, point to Marker, and then select Browse.
The Database Navigator appears.
5. Double-click payload_adapter.reference_point.
Adams/Vibration inserts this marker into the Input Marker text box.
6. Select Translational.
7. Set the Force Direction to Global X.
8. Select Actuator Parameters.
9. Select Swept Sine.
10. In the Force Magnitude text box, enter 1.
11. In the Phase Angle (deg) text box, enter 0.
12. Select Apply.
Adams/Vibration creates the input channel and vibration actuator, and leaves the dialog box open
so you can create the second input channel and vibration actuator.
13. To create another input channel, in the Input Channel Name text box, enter .satellite.input_y.
14. Leave the default Force.
15. In the Input Marker text box, leave payload_adapter.reference_point.
16. Set Force Direction to Global Y.
17. Select Swept Sine.
18. In the Force Magnitude text box, enter 1.
19. In the Phase Angle (deg) text box, enter 0.
20. Select OK.
Adams/Vibration creates another input channel and vibration actuator.
To create a kinematic input channel and vibration actuator:
1. From the Vibration menu, point to Build, point to Input Channel, and then select New.
The Create/Modify Vibration Input Channel dialog box appears.
2. In the Input Channel Name text box, enter .satellite.input_accel_y.
3. Set Force to Kinematic.
4. Right-click the Input Marker text box, point to Marker, and then select Browse.
The Database Navigator appears.
5. Double-click payload_adapter.reference_point.
Adams/Vibration inserts this marker into the Input Marker text box.
6. Select Global.
7. Select Translational.
8. Select Acceleration and Y.
9. Select Swept Sine.
10. In Magnitude text box, enter 9806.65.
11. In the Phase Angle (deg) text box, enter 0.
12. Select OK.
Adams/Vibration creates another input channel and vibration actuator.
To review the vibration actuator:
1. From the Vibration menu, point to Build, point to Input Channel, and then select Modify.
The Database Navigator appears.
2. Double-click the model name to display the list of input channels.
3. Double-click .satellite.input_accel_y.
The Create/Modify Vibration Input Channel dialog box appears.
4. Select Plot Actuator to open the Actuator Preview Plot dialog box.
Output Marker:
Disp/vel/acc:
Direction:
.satellite.p2_center_x_dis
.satellite.panel_2.center
Displacement
.satellite.p1_corner_x_dis
.satellite.panel_1.corner
Displacement
.satellite.p1_corner_x_vel
.satellite.panel_1.corner
Velocity
.satellite.p1_corner_x_acc
.satellite.panel_1.corner
Acceleration
.satellite.p1_corner_y_acc
.satellite.panel_1.corner
Acceleration
.satellite.p1_corner_z_acc
.satellite.panel_1.corner
Acceleration
.satellite.ref_x_acc
.satellite.payload_adapter.cm
Acceleration
.satellite.ref_y_acc
.satellite.payload_adapter.cm
Acceleration
.satellite.ref_z_acc
.satellite.payload_adapter.cm
Acceleration
Overview
In this section, you run a vibration analysis in a particular configuration. Completing this section involves
the following:
Creating and Running Vibration Analyses
Overview
In this section, you use Adams/PostProcessor to study the data from the vibration analysis you
performed.
Completing this section involves the following:
Reviewing Tabular Results
Plotting System Modes
Animating a Normal Modes Analysis
Animating a Forced Vibration Analysis
Plotting Frequency Response
Plotting Power Spectral Density
Plotting Modal Coordinates
Note that all modes of the model are stable. If the model had unstable modes, they would be
highlighted in the table. If you had performed multiple vibration analyses, you could use the +/buttons in the top right corner of the window to navigate between eigenvalue tables of successive
analyses.
2. Select Close to close this table.
To view the table of modal coordinates:
1. From the Vibration menu, point to Review, and then select Display Modal Info Table.
This table displays how much the 16 modes in this model are excited at this forcing frequency for
input input_y. You can review the modal coordinates at different excitation frequencies using the
Frequency slider.
2. Select Modal Participation to display the modal participation table in the analysis.
3. Select Modal Energy to display the modal energy distribution table.
4. Select Close to complete your review of the Modal Info tables.
Figure 4
Adams/PostProcessor Window
Figure 5
Scatter Plot
Figure 6
3. Set the pull-down menu located in the menu bar below the File menu, to Animation.
Adams/PostProcessor switches to animation mode.
4. Right-click the animation window, and then select Load Vibration Animation.
The vertical animation appears in the animation window.
Note:
The label on the animation is EIGEN_#, where # is the run number of the animation.
To view the animation from different angles, rotate the view by typing a lowercase r and
then using the mouse to rotate the view.
9. From the Vibration menu, point to Review, and then select Display Modal Info Table.
10. Select Modal Coordinates.
11. In the Modal Information window, set the Frequency to 10.0 Hz and then press Enter.
The Modal Information window appears as shown in the next figure. Note that mode 15 is the
primary contributor to the system response at about 10 Hz.
12. Select Modal Participation and view the information.
This table indicates the level of participation of the systems modes in each of the output channels.
13. Select Modal Energy.
If you opted to compute modal energy at the time the vibration analysis was run, Adams/Vibration
displays the modal energy information.
The modal energy table displayed corresponds to the mode selected using the mode slider or to
the mode number typed in the mode field.
14. Close the Modal Information window.
Figure 7
The viewport now contains the frequency response function plot and a blank plot.
From these plots you can determine the two primary modes that affect the vertical acceleration
response. The first prominent mode is around 2.5 Hz. The second prominent mode is just above
10 Hz. These two modes contribute to an attenuation of accelerations about 4 Hz. This can be seen
by comparing the input acceleration (ref_y_acc) directly with the output acceleration.
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Overview
In this section, you will investigate the lateral vibration environment. Different modes will influence the
lateral acceleration at the panel corner than the vertical acceleration. You will identify the modes that
influence the lateral acceleration and plot the frequency response function associated with the x direction
of the panel.
Completing this section involves the following:
Creating and Running a Forced-Vibration Analysis
Animating a Normal-Modes Analysis
Plotting Force Frequency Response
on the
2. From the Vibration menu, point to Test, and then select Vibration Analysis.
3. Select New Vibration Analysis.
4. In the corresponding text box, enter lateral_x.
5. For Operating Point, select Assembly.
6. Select Forced Vibration Analysis.
7. Accept the Damping default of On.
8. Right-click the Input Channels text box, point to Input_Channel, point to Guesses, and then
select Input_x.
Adams/Vibration inserts input_x in the Input Channels text box.
9. Right-click the Output Channels text box, point to Output_channel, point to Guesses, and then
select *.
Adams/Vibration inserts into the Output Channels text box all the output channels you created
earlier.
10. Select Logarithmic Spacing of Steps.
11. Under Frequency Range (hz), in the Begin text box, enter 0.1.
12. In the End text box, enter 1000.
13. In the Steps text box, enter 400.
14. Select OK.
Adams/Vibration performs a forced-vibration analysis.
Figure 11
From the frequency response functions, it is clear that the input becomes attenuated above about
5.8 Hz (see Figure 11). Therefore, any accelerations that come through the test base into the
payload adapter will be sharply attenuated by the bushings connecting the payload adapter with
the satellite bus.
Overview
In this section, you modify an existing design variable so that you can determine what value of damping
is optimal for reducing vibration for a given frequency range.
Completing this section involves the following:
Performing an Adams/View Automatic Design Study Analysis
Conclusion
Reviewing Parameterization
In this section, youll investigate the parameterization set up for the bushing damping. Youll then define
the range over which the design variable will be varied.
To review parameterization of the model:
1. Return to the modeling mode by selecting the Adams/View tool.
2. From the Tools menu, select Database Navigator.
3. In the pull-down menu next to Filter, select Forces.
4. Select Satellite to display all forces in the model.
5. Select BUSHING_1, and then select APPLY.
The Information window displays information about BUSHING_1. Notice the parameterization
of the bushing damping using the design variable trans_damp.
6. Return to the Database Navigator and filter on Variables.
7. Select trans_damp, and then select APPLY to display information on this design variable.
8. In the Information window, double-click percent_damping in the expression for trans_damp.
Information on the design variable appears in the information window.
9. In the Information window toolbar, select Modify.
The Create/Modify Design Variable dialog box appears as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12
10. To define the range over which the design variable will be varied, specify the following:
Standard value: 1.0
Min. Value: 1.0
Max. Value: 20.0
3. In the Create Vibration Design Objective Macro dialog box, right-click the Return Value
Variable text box, point to Variable, and then select Create.
The Create Design Variable dialog box appears.
4. Set Standard Value to 0.0.
5. Accept the remaining defaults of the Create Design Variable dialog box, and then select OK.
This variable will be used as the return variable to track the value of the objective for each
simulation.
6. From the Target Vibration Data list, select Frequency Response: 1 input, 1 output.
7. Right-click the Input Channel text box, point to Input_Channel, point to Guesses, and then
select input_x.
8. Right-click the Output Channel text box, point to Output_Channel, point to Guesses, and then
select p1_corner_x_acc.
9. Set Value Type to Maximum.
10. Set Frequency Range to All Frequencies.
11. Select OK to create the vibration design objective macro.
Adams/Vibration automatically fills in the text boxes in the Create Design Objective dialog box
with the reference to the return variable DV_1 and the macro MACRO_1, created by Adams/View,
to calculate the design objective for every simulation as specified.
12. Select OK in the Create Design Objective dialog box.
Figure 13
Storing Results
Here you tell Adams/View where to store the results.
To specify that the results from each run are to be stored:
1. From the Settings menu, point to Solver, and then select Output.
2. Complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 14. Be sure to select More to expand the dialog box
to the form shown.
3. Select Close.
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
8. Click on the legend, and in the property editor, set Placement to Left.
Figure 17
Conclusion
From the frequency response plot, it is clear that 5% damping is best for attenuating vibration for the 5
to 10 Hz range. This damping gives the steepest roll-off for the acceleration frequency response. This low
damping, however, has the highest peak response at 2.5 Hz. On the other hand, setting percent_damping
to 12.5% gives the lowest peak response, but it does not roll off as rapidly in the 100 to 400 Hz range as
it does for 5% damping.
You have designed the concept of a vibration isolation system for a satellite. You first checked the
payload adapter frequency response in the vertical direction, finding two modes which affected the
transmitted vibration.
Next, you checked the frequency response in the lateral direction. You investigated the effect of damping
on the transmitted vibration and selected an optimal damping ratio.
Further design investigations could include the effects of flexible bodies to represent the solar panels.
You could further improve the vibration isolation characteristics by replacing linear bushings with
frequency dependent bushings. See Knowledge Base article 12433 at
http://support.adams.com/kb/faq.asp?ID=kb12433.dasp for more information.