Surface Courses and Pavement (241199)

ITEM SP
SURFACE COURSES AND PAVEMENT
SP-1-1
GENERAL
This section outlines the requirements and procedure for constructing surface courses.
The material to be used are referenced to specifications and testing procedure of either
American Association of state Highway and Transportation officials (AASHTO) or the
American Society of Testing materials (ASTM) as described in the latest editions of the
AASHTO and ASTM standards. Where samples of materials are to be taken for
laboratory tests and approval, the methods to be utilized are full described in these
references and shall be followed unless directed otherwise, in writing, by the Engineer.
All materials, which don't conform to the requirements of these specifications, will be
rejected whether in place or not. They shall be removed immediately from the site of the
work at the contractor expense.
While subgrade/subbase and paving operations are under way, public traffic shall be
permitted to use the shoulders when authorized and, if half width paving methods are
used, shall also be permitted to use the side of the roadbed opposite the one under
construction. When sufficient width is available, a passage way wide enough to
accommodate at least 2 lanes of traffic shall be kept open at all times at locations where
subgrade/sub base and paving operations are in active progress.
At location where traffic is being routed through construction under one way controls and
when ordered by the engineer, the movement of the contractors equipment from one
portion of the work to another shall be governed in accordance with such one way
controls.
Water shall be applied as a dust palliative if ordered by the Engineer for the alleviation
of dust nuisance.
In order to expedite the passage of public traffic, through or around the work and where
ordered by the Engineer, the contractor shall install signs, lights, barricades and other
facilities, shall be included in respective work item.
Whenever work as being performed adjacent to a lane carrying traffic, the edge of lane
or edge of pavement shall be delineated by placing temporary portable delinators
adjacent thereto.
Whenever the contractor's operations create a condition hazardous to traffic or to the
public, he shall furnish, erect and maintain, at his own expense, such fences, barricades,
lights, signs and other devices as are necessary to prevent accidents or damage or injury
to the public. The contractor shall also furnish such flagmen and guards as are
necessary to give adequate warning to the traffic or to the public or any dangerous
conditions to be encountered.
Should the contractor appear to be neglectful or negligent in furnishing warning and
protective measures as above provided, the Engineer may direct attention to the
existence of a hazard and the necessary warning and protective measures shall be
furnished and installed by the contractor at his expense. Should the Engineer point out
the inadequacy of warning and protective measures, and require additional measures,
such action on the part of the Engineer shall not relieve the contractor from responsibility
for public safety or abrogate his obligation to furnish and pay for these services.
/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/294698465.doc
SP-2-2
ASPHALTIC MATERIALS
SP-2-3
ASPHALT CEMENT
Asphalt Cement shall be oil asphalt, or a mixture of refined liquid asphalt and refined
solid asphalt, prepared from crude asphaltic petroleum. It shall be free from admixture
with any residues obtained by the artificial distillation of coal, tar, or paraffin and shall be
homogeneous and free from water. No emulsification shall occur when a 30 gram
sample is boiled for 2 hours with 250 cubic centimeters (16 cubic inch) of distilled water
in 500 cubic centimeters (32 cubic inch) Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a reflux
condenser.
Asphalt Cement shall be classified by penetration and when tested in accordance with
the standard methods of tests of the AASHTO, the grades of asphalt shall conform to the
requirements set forth in Table SP-2. The grade of asphalt to be used shall be in
accordance with these specifications or the Special Provisions or as directed by the
Engineer.
SP-3-3.1
Cut-back Asphalt
Liquid asphalt (cut back) shall consist of materials conforming to the following
classifications. When tested in accordance with the standard methods of tests of the
AASHTO, the grades of liquid asphalt shall conform to the requirements specified in the
Table SP-3 and SP-4.
Medium curing products designated by letters MC shall consist of asphalt cement fluxed
or blended with a kerosene solvent.
Rapid curing products designated by the letters RC, shall consist of asphalt cement with
a penetration of approximately 85 to 100, fluxed or blended with naphtha solvent.
SP-3-4
APPLICATION TEMPERATURES
TABLE-SP-1
Application Temperature
Spray
a)
Mix
Asphalt
achieve
200
As required to
Cement
(max)
viscosity
75-150 secs. Say-bolt-Furol or
(all grades)
a required
achieve a Kinematic Viscosity
150-300 centistokes.
b)
of
to
of
Cut-back or
Emulsified asphalt
MS-70, RC-70
MC-250
RC-250
MC-800
RC-800
27-65
38-93
27-65
38-93
85-127
71-107
71-99
57-85
38-79
27-65
SS-1, SS-1h
RS-1
RS-2
24-55
24-55
44-70
TABLE-SP-2
Requirements for Asphalt Cement (AASHTO M 20)
PENETRATION GRADE
Penetration at 77
40
50
60
70
85
100
120
150
200
300
Min
Mx
Min
Mx
Min
Mx
Min
Mx
Min
Mx
40
50
200
60
300
70
85
100
120
150
450
350
450
-
450
425
(25 C) 100g 5 sec.

Flash point, Cleveland
Open Cup,
F ( C)
(323)
(323)
(323)
(218)
(117)
Ductility at 77 F
100
100
-
-1
100
100
99
99
99
-
99
99
0.8
-1
1.3
1.5
58
40
54
-
50
46
50
100
75
100
(25 C) 5 cm per min.

cm
Solubility in trichloroethylene percent
Thin-film oven test,
1/8 in. (3.2 mm),
325F (163 C) 5 hr.

Loss on heating,
percent. Penetration,
of residue,
percent of original.
Ductility of residue
at 77 F (25 C)
5 cm. per min., cm.
0.80
TABLE SP-3
Requirements for Medium-Curing Type Asphalt (AASHTO M82)
MC-70
Water, percent
Flash point (tag. open cup),
Degree C Kinematic Viscosity
at 60 C (140 F)
(See Note 1) centistokes..
MC-250
Min
MC-800
Max
Min
Min
Max
38
0.2
-
66
0.2
-
66
0.2
-
70
140
250
500
8001
600
0
-
20
10
15
20
35
60
55
Distillation test:
Distillate, percentage by volume of total
Distillate to 360 C (680 F)
to 225 C (437 F)
to 260 C (500 F)
to 315 C (600 F)
Residue from distillation
to 360 C (680 F) volume

percentage of sample by different
Tests on residue from distillation:
Penetration, 100 g., 5 sec., at
25 C (77 F)
Max
65
90
60
87
45
80
55
67
75
120
250
120
120
250
Ductility, 5cm/min, cm (see note 2)
100
100
100
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Percent
99.0
99.0
99.0
Absolute viscosity at 60 C,
(See Note 4), poise
300
1200
300
1200
300
1200
250
MC-30
MC-300
0
Water, percent
Min
Max
Min
Max
38
0.2
-
0.2
66
0.2
-
at 60 C (140 F)
(See Note 1) centistokes.
30
60
3000
6000
Distillation test:
Distillate, percentage by volume of total
Distillate to 360 C (680 F)
to 225 C (437 F)
25
-
to 260 C (500 F)
40
70
0
15
to 315 C (600 F)
75
93
15
75
Residue from distillation to 360 C (680 F)

Volume percentage of sample
by difference
50
80

Penetration, 100 g., 5 sec.,
at 25 C (77 F)
120
250
120
250
Ductility, 5cm/min, m (see note 2)
100
100
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, percent
99.0
99.0
Absolute viscosity at 60 C,
(See Note 4), poise
300
1200
300
1200
Spot test (see note 3) with

Standard Naphtha
Negative for all grades
Naphtha xylene solvent

% xylene
----------- do--------Heptane xylene solvent
% xylene
----------- do--------Note 1. As an alternate, Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows:
Grade MC-70 Furol viscosity at 50 C (122 F) - 60 to 120 sec.
Grade MC-250 Furol viscosity at 60 C (140 F) - 120 to 250 sec.
Grade MC-800 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) - 100 to 200 sec.

Note 2.
If penetration of residue is more than 200 and its ductility at 25 C (77 F)

is less that
100 cm., the material will be acceptable if its ductility at 15.5 C (60 F)
is more than
100 cm. (40 in)
Note 3.
The use of spot test is optional. When specified, the Engineer shall
indicate, whether
the standard naphtha solvent, the naphtha xylene solvent or heptane
xylene solvent
will be used in determining compliance with the requirements, and also,
in the case
of xylene solvents, the %age of xylene to be used.
Note 4.
In lieu of viscosity of residue, the specifying agency, at its own opinion

can specify
penetration 100 g; 5 s at 25 C of 120 to 250 for grades MC-30 , MC-70,

MC-250
MC-800 and MC-3000. However, in no case will both be required.
TABLE SP-4
Requirements for Rapid-Curing Type Asphalt (AASHTO M81)
RC-70
Min
Max
RC-250
Min
Max
RC-800
Min
Max
RC-3000
Min
Max
Water, percent
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2

at 60 C (140 F)
(See Note 1) centistokes.
27
27
27
70
140
250
500
800
1600
3000
6000
10
50
35
15
70
60
45
25
85
80
75
70
55
80
65
75
600
600
2400
2400
600
2400
600
2400
80
100
20
-
80
120
80
120
100
100
100
100
99.0
99.0
Distillation test:
Distillate, percentage by
volume of total distillate
to 190 C (680 F)
to 225 C (437 F)
to 260 C (500 F)
to 315 C (600 F)
Residue from distillation:
to 360 C (680 F) volume

percentage of sample
by difference
Tests on residue from
distillation:
Absolute viscosity at 60oC
(See note 3) Poise
Penetration, 100 g., 5 sec.
At 25 C (77F)
Ductility, 5cm/min,
cm (see note 2)
Solubility in
Trichloroethylene, percent
99.0
Spot test (see note 2) with

Standard Naphtha
Negative for all grades
Naphtha xylene solvent

% xylene
99.0
----------- do--------/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/294698465.doc
Heptane xylene solvent

% xylene
----------- do---------
Note 1. As an alternate, Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows:
Grade RC-70 Furol viscosity at 50 C (122 F) - 60 to 120 sec.
Grade RC-250 Furol viscosity at 60 C (140 F) - 125 to 250 sec.
Grade RC-800 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) - 100 to 200 sec.

Note 2.
The use of spot test is optional. When specified, the Engineer shall
indicate, whether
the standard naphtha solvent, the naphtha xylene solvent or heptane
xylene solvent
will be used in determining compliance with the requirements, and also,
in the case
of xylene solvents, the %age of xylene to be used.
Note 3.
In lieu of viscosity of residue, the specifying agency, at its own opinion

can specify
penetration 100 g; 5 s at 25 C of 80 to 120 for grades RC-70 ,RC-250,

RC-800 and
RC-3000. However, in no case will both be required.
ITEM SP1 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT
SP-9-1
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of furnishing and applying asphaltic material on a prepared and
untreated surface in accordance with these specification and to the width shown on the
typical cross-section or as directed by the Engineer.
SP-9-2
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Asphaltic material shall conform to the requirements of Item SP Asphaltic Materials,
Cut-back Asphalt, as specified in the Bill of Quantities.
SP-9-3
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Prime coats shall be applied only when the surface to be treated is dry. No application
shall be made when the weather is foggy or rainy, or when the atmospheric temperature
is below 15C unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
SP-9-3.1
Equipment
The liquid asphaltic material shall be prayed by means of a pressure distributor of not
less than 1136 liter capacity, mounted on pneumatic tyres of such width and number that
the load produced on the road surface will not exceed hundred (100) Kg per cm width of
type. It shall be recognized manufacture.
The tank shall have a heating device able to heat a complete charge of asphaltic liquid
upto one hundred eighty (180) degree C. The hearting device shall be so that
overheating will not be occur Consequently. The flames must not touch directly on the
casting of the tank containing the asphaltic liquid or gases therefrom. The Contractor will
be responsible for any fire or accident resulting from heating of bituminous materials.
The liquid shall be circulated or stirred during the hearing. The tank shall be insulated in
such a way that the drop in temperature when the tank is filled and not heated, will be
less than two (2) degree C per hour. A thermometer shall be fixed to the tank in order to
be able to control continuously the temperature of the liquid. The thermometer shall be
place in such a way that the highest temperature in the tank is measured. The tank shall
be furnished with a device that indicates the contents. The pipes for filling the tank shall
be furnished with an easily interchangeable filter.
The distributor shall be able to vary the spray width of the asphaltic liquid in steps of
maximum 10cm, to a total width of four (4) cm. The spraying bar shall have nozzles from
which the liquid is sprayed fan-shaped on the road surface equally distributed over the
total spraying width.
The distributor shall have a pump for dosing the liquid driven by a separate mortar, or
the speed of the pump for dosing the liquid driven by a separate mortar, or the speed of
the pump shall be synchronized with the speed of the distributor. The pump shall be
furnished shall with an indicator showing the performance in liters per minute. At the
section side the pump shall have a filter easily exchangeable. A thermometer shall be
fixed, which indicates the temperature of the liquid immediately before it leaves the
spraying bar.
The distributor shall be furnished with a tachometer indicating the speed in meter per
minute. The tachometer shall be visible from the driver's seat. The prescribed quantity to
be spread on any square meter does not exceed 10%. The distributor shall be equipped
with a device for hand spraying of the bituminous liquid of contractor want to use an
equipment other than specified above in that case alternative equipment should be
approved by the Engineer.
SP-10-3.2
Application of asphaltic Material

Immediately before applying the prime coat, the full width of surface to be treated shall
be swept by hand broom to remove all dirt and other objectionable material. Power
broom may be approved by the Engineer if sufficient labour is not available. Where
required by the Engineer, the surface shall be lightly sprayed with water but not
saturated. Asphaltic materials shall be applied by means of hand operated pressure
distributor and at a temperature stated in Item SP for the particular asphalt being used.
Cut-back asphalt 0.65 to 1.75 liters/sq. meter but the exact rate shall be specified by the
Engineer.
The prime coat shall be left undisturbed for a period of at least 24 hours, and shall not be
opened to traffic until it has penetrated and cured sufficiently so that it will not be picked
up by the wheels of passing vehicles. The Contractor shall maintain the prime coat until
the next course is applied. Care shall be taken that the application of bituminous material
is not in excess of the specified amounts; any excess shall be blotted with sand or
similarly treated. All areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be sprayed manually using
the device for hand spraying from the distributor.
The surface of structures and trees adjacent to the area being treated shall be protected
in such manner as to prevent their being spattered or marred.
SP-10-4
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

The quantities of liquid asphalt; measured as stated above shall be paid for at the
contract unit price per units of Area, which payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment and incidentals and for performing all the
work involved in applying prime coat, complete in place, as shown on the drawings and
in accordance with these specifications:
Pay Item No.
Description
Measurement
SP1 (a)
Cut-back
Asphalt for Bituminous
Prime Coat
M2
SP1 (b)
Emulsified
Asphalt for bituminous
prime coat.
M2
ITEM SP2 BITUMINOUS TACK COAT
SP-11-1
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of furnishing and applying material on a previously prepared
course, complete in accordance with these specifications and to the width shown on the
typical cross-section or as directed by the Engineer.
SP-11-2
Aggregate material shall conform the requirements of item SP-2-2. Asphaltic Materials,
for emulsified asphalt, or cut-back asphalt as called for in the Bill of Quantities.
SP-11-3
Normally tack coats shall be applied only when the surface to be treated is dry, however
cut-back asphalt is specified, application may be made on a reasonable moist surface.
No application shall be made when the weather is foggy or rainy.
SP-11-3.1 EQUIPMENT
Equipment shall conform in all respects to the provisions under item SP-9-3.1.
SP-11-3.2 APPLICATION OF ASPHALTIC MATERIAL
Immediately before applying the tack coat, the full width of the surface to be treated shall
be created of loose and foreign material by means of a power broom or power blower,
supplemented as necessary by hand sweeping. Where required by the Engineer,
immediately prior to the application of the tack coa, the surface shall be lightly sprayed
with water but not saturated. Asphaltic material shall be applied by means of a pressure
distributor, at the temperature stated in item SP-3-4 for the particular material being
used. Rates of application of the cut-back asphalt shall be within the following range:
0.2 to 0.7 liters per square meter; the exact rate shall be specified by the Engineer.
Case shall be taken to the application of asphaltic material is not in excess of the
specified amount; any excess existing shall be blotted by sand or similarly treated. All
areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be treated manually using the device for hand
spraying from the distributor. The surfaces of structures and trees adjacent to the area
being treated shall be protected in such a manner as to prevent their being spattered or
married. Where no convenient detour is available for traffic, operations shall be confined
to one-half the roadway width at a time. The Contractor shall provide proper traffic
control so that vehicles may proceed without damage to the treated area. Work shall not
be started on the portion of the road not covered by previous application until the surface
previously covered has dried and is ready for paving.
Traffic shall be kept off the tack coat at all times. The tack coat shall be sprayed only so
far in advance of the surface course as will permit it to dry to a "tacky" condition. The
Contractor shall maintain the tack coat until the next course has been placed. Any area
that has become fouled, by traffic or otherwise, shall be cleaned by Contractor at his own
cost before the next course is applied.
SP-12-4

The quantities of liquid asphalt, measured as stated above shall be paid for at the
contract unit price per unit of Area, which payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing fall labour, material, tools equipment and incidentals and for performing all the
work involved in applying Tack coat, complete in place, as shown on the drawings and in
accordance with these specifications:
Pay Item No.
Description
Measurement
SP2 (a)
Cut-back Asphalt for Bituminous

tack coat
M2
SP2 (b)
Emulsified
Asphalt
Bituminous prime coat
M2
for
ITEM SP3 BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT AND SEAL COAT
SP-13-1
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of one or more applications of asphaltic material and one or more
covers of aggregate or an application of asphaltic material without aggregate applied in
accordance with these specifications to the width shown on the typical cross sections or
as directed by the Engineer.
SP-13-2
SP-13-2.1
MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
Aggregate
Aggregate shall consist of clean, dry, hard, tough, angular, sound crushed stone, or
crushed gravel of uniform quality free from dust, clay and other deleterious materials
and from excess of flat or laminated pieces. All aggregate materials shall have a
percentage of wear by the Los Angeles Abrasion test (AASHTO - 96) of not more than 40
percent.
The portion of aggregate retained on the 1Cm (3/8inch) sieve shall not contain more
than 15 percent of particles by weight so flat or elongated, or both, that the ratio between
the maximum and the minimum dimensions exceeds 5:1.
The percentage composition by weight of aggregate shall conform to the following
gradations:Us Standard Sieve
Percentage passing by Weight

Size No.1
Size No.2
100
Size No.3
90 100
-
25 mm (1")
19 mm (3/4")
13 mm (1/2")
09 mm (3/8")
20 55
100
100
06 mm (1/4")
No.4
No.8
0 15
100
-
85
90 100
05
10 30
60 85
0 - 10
0 25
No.16
0-5
0-2
05
No.200
02
SP-14-2.2
Asphaltic Material
The asphaltic material shall conform to the requirements of Item SP-2-2 Asphaltic
Materials. The type shall be one of the following as ordered by the Engineer.
Single Surface Treatment
AC 80-100, RC-250,
RC-70, RS-1 or RS-2
Double Surface Treatment
Triple Surface Treatment

Seal Coat
AC 80-100, RC-250,
RS-1 or RS-2
:
RS-1 or RS-2
AC-80-100, RC-250,
RC-250, RS-1 or RS-2
SP-14-3
At the time of the application, the weather shall be warm and dry, and the road surface
shall be clean and dry. Spraying shall not be done unless the road temperature has been
above 20oC (68oF) during the spraying. Prior to applying the asphaltic material, dirt and
other objectionable materials shall be removed from the surface. If so directed by the
Engineer, the surface shall be cleaned by power brooming until all loose and foreign
materials are removed.
SP-14-3.1
Equipment
Equipment shall conform in all respects to the provisions under clause SP-9-3.1.
SP-14-3.2
Application of Asphaltic material

Asphalt cement, liquid asphaltic and emulsified asphalt shall be applied by means of
pressure distributor at the temperature specified for the type and grade of asphalt being
used. The rates of application shall be within the ranges given in table at page SP-15,
however, the exact rate shall be determined by the Engineer.
The spread of BITUMINOUS materials shall not be more than 15 cm (6 inches) winder
than the width covered by the aggregate from the spreading device.
SP-15-3.3
Spreading of Aggregate
Immediately after applying the asphaltic material, dry aggregate shall be uniformly and
evenly distributed over the treated surface from an approved mechanical aggregate
spreader. The truck carrying the aggregate shall move backward as it spread same so as
to prevent the tyres of the truck and the mechanical aggregate spreader from driving
directly on the newly sprayed asphalt. No portion of the binder shall remain uncovered
for a period in excess of 20 minutes after spraying.
Immediately after spreading of the aggregate, the treated surface shall be rolled with a
steel wheeled roller weight in 6 to 8 ton. A self propelled Pneumatic tyred roller having
minimum contact pressure of 2.80 Kg/cm 2 (40 lbs/in2) may be used as a second roller.
Rolling shall continue only until a smooth, thoroughly compacted surface is obtained.
Any place where binder shows on the surface, shall be covered with additional aggregate
and further rolled and broom-dragged until an even surface result, and does not adhere
to wheels of vehicles.
The quantity of aggregates to be applied shall be within the ranges specified in table at
page SP-15, however, the exact rate shall be determined by the Engineer.
SP-15-4
SP-15-4.1
SHOULDER TREATMENT
Earthen Shoulders
For earthen shoulders the material and construction shall conform to all requirements of
embankment materials specified in section-E.
SP-15-4.2
Gravel Shoulders
For gravel shoulders the materials and construction requirements shall conform to all
requirements of Section-SB.
SP-16-4.3
Bituminous Treated Shoulders

The bituminous treatment of shoulders shall be a seal cost with cover material as
specified in the clause SP or a seal coat without any aggregate cover if shown on the
drawings or directed by the Engineer.
SP-16-5
Method of Measurement
Ist layer, 2nd layer or 3rd layer of bituminous surface treatment shall be measured by the
units of Area for all areas shown on the plans or ordered by the Engineer to receive Ist or
2nd or 3rd layers of "Bituminous Surface Treatment". No measurement or payment will
be made of areas "treated outside of the limits specified herein, shown on the plans or
ordered by the Engineer. No measurement or payment will be made for materials used in
excess of those specified by the Engineer nor shall they form the basis of a claim for
additional payment.
Quantities of materials for Bituminous Surface Treatment
Surface Treatment
Aggregate
Bituminous Material
Type
Application
Quantity
Type
No.
Kg/m 2
Liters/m 2
1.19
Single
(a)
Single
12.5
2
----------------------
------1.63
1.90
First
2.14
Double
(b)
(a)
1
24.0
---------------------------(b)
-------------------------------------------------1.19
Second
1.63
1.90
First
2.14
Triple
Size
Quantity
(a)
2
12.5
---------------------------(b)
(a)
1
24.0
---------------------------(b)
-------------------------------------------------1.19
Second
1.63
(a)
2
12.5
---------------------------(b)
-------------------------------------------------Third
3
0.68
6.5
(c)
Seal Coat without
0.5
(c)
Aggregate
Note 1 i)
Bituminous material types are (a) asphalt cement, (b) cut-back or
emulsified
and (c) asphalt cement, cut-back and emulsified.
ii)
Quantities of bituminous material may be varied by the Engineer by
15%
depending on site conditions.
iii)
SP-18-6
Prime coat shall be applied prior to the surface treatment for the newly
constructed payment at the rate as specified in the Item 302.3.2.
BASIS OF PAYMENT
The amount of completed and accepted work measured as provided above, will be paid
for at the unit bid price per units of Area for the single surface treatment, double surface
treatment or the triple surface treatment of "Bituminous surface treatment" in the bill of
Quantities. The price shall be full compensation for furnishing all materials, all
manipulation and maintenance, for furnishing all labour, equipment, tools, and all other
items necessary for the proper completion of the work, including prime coat underneath.
Pay Item No.
Description
Measurement
SP3 (a)
Bituminous
Single
Surface
Treatment
M2
SP3 (b)
Bituminous Double Surface Treatment 2nd Layer
SP3 (c)
Bituminous Triple Surface Treatment
M2
M2
ITEM SP4 ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT - PLANT MIX
SP-19-1
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of furnishing and mixing aggregates and asphalt binder at a
central mixing plant, transporting, spreading and compacting the mixture on a prepared
base as Asphaltic Wearing Course in accordance with these specifications and to the
lines, grades and typical pavement sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the
Engineer.
SP-19-2
SP-19-2.1
Aggregates
Coarse and fine aggregates shall be clean, hard, tough sound particles free from
decomposed material, vegetable matter and other deleterious substances.
Coarse aggregate which is material retained on the No.4 sieve, shall consist of crushed
rock, crushed gravel or a mixture of natural and crushed gravel. Not less than 50 percent
by weight of the coarse aggregate shall have at least one fractured face.
Fine aggregate, which is material passing the No.4 sieve, shall consist of gravel, sand,
stone, screenings or a mixture thereof. Not less than 50 percent by weight of the fine
aggregates shall be crushed particles.
The combined aggregate shall conform to one of the gradings shown in the following
table:
Aggregate Grading Requirements
Use:
Compacted
Thickness
U.S Stan
dard Sieve
25mm (1")
A
B
C
Wearing, Binder
Wearing binder
Wearing
2 in.min
1 1/2 in. min
1 in.min
50 mm Min
38 mm Min
25 mm Min
Percentage Passing by Weight
100
-
19mm (3/4")
80
100
100
13mm (1/2")
80
100
100
9mm (3/8")
60 80
70 90
80 100
No.4
48 65
50 70
55 75
No.8
35 50
35 50
35 50
No.30
19 30
18 29
18 29
No.50
13 23
13 23
13 23
No.100
7 15
8 16
8 16
No.200
1 8
4 10
4 10
When the combined grading of the coarse and fine aggregates is deficient in material
passing the No.200 sieve, additional filler material shall be added. The filler material
shall consist of finely divided rock dust, hydrated lime, hydraulic cement or other suitable
mineral matter and shall conform to the following gradation:
Us Standard Sieve
Percent Passing by Weight
No. 30
No. 50
No.200
100
95 100
70 100
The coarse and fine aggregates shall meet the following requirements:
SP-21-2.2
a)
The percentage of wear by the Los Angles Abrasion test (AASHTO T-96) shall
not be more than 40.
b)
The loss when subject to five cyles of the Sodium Sulphate Soundness test
(AASHTO T-104) shall be less than 12.
c)
The sand Equivalent (AASHTO T-176) determined after all processing except for
addition of asphalt cement shall not be less than 45.
d)
All aggregates shall have a liquid limit of not more than 25 and a Plasticity Index
of not more than 6 as determined by AASHTO T-89 and T-90, respectively.
e)
The amount of thin and elongated pieces (Pieces larger than 25mm(1 inch) with
thickness less than 1/5 of the length) by weight shall be less than 5 percent.
Asphalt Material
Asphalt binder to be mixed with the aggregates to produce asphalt concrete shall be
asphalt cement penetration grade 60-70 or 80-100 as specified by the Engineer.
SP-21-3
SP-31-3.1
Equipment
The plant shall be either a batch plant or continuous mix plant of adequate capacity,
coordinated and operated to produce a mixture within the limits of those specifications.
a)
Scale - The plant scales for any weight box or hopper shall be either of the beam
or springless dial type, sensitive to one-half of one percent of the maximum load
that may be required and shall be a standard make and design. When of the
beam type there shall be a separate beam with telltale indicator for each size of
aggregate, and a tare beam for balancing the hopper.
b)
Equipment for storage and heating of asphalt cement - Tanks for storage of
asphalt cement of a capacity of at least 3 days run shall be capable of heating
the material, under effective and positive control at all times, to the temperature
requirements set forth in table SP-1. The method of heating shall be such that
the products of combustion or the flame shall not come into contact with the
asphalt cement. Before the asphalt cement is placed in the mixer it shall be
heated in a direct-fired heater of such capacity that it need never be less than
half full. Heating of material supplied in barrels shall be subject to the same
conditions.
c)
Feeder for Dryer - The plant shall be provided with accurate mechanical means,
for uniform feeding of the aggregates into the dryer so that a uniform production
and a uniform temperature of the heated aggregates is secured.
d)
Dryer - A rotary dryer of satisfactory design for drying and heating the
aggregates shall be provided. The dryer shall be capable of drying and heating
the aggregates to the temperature requirements pertaining to the type of
asphaltic material specified in item SP-2-2 or/table SP-1.
e)
Screens - Suitable screens capable of screening all aggregates to the sizes

required, and having normal capacities slightly in excess of the maximum output
of the mixing plant shall be provided.
f)
Bins - The plant shall include storage bins for screened aggregates with total
capacity of not less than three times the dead load of the mixer in the case of a
batch mixer, or not less than a run of 10 minutes in the case of a continuous
mixer. Bins shall be divided into compartments arranged to ensure separate and
adequate storage of appropriate sizes of aggregate. Each compartment shall be
provided with an overflow pipe that shall be of such a size and so located as to
prevent any backing up of material into other bins. Adequate dry storage shall be
provided for filler, if used, and satisfactory provision made for proportioning the
filler for each batch of mixture.
g)
Asphalt Cement Control Unit - Satisfactory means either by weighing, metering,

or volumetric measurement, shall be provided to obtain the proper amount of
asphalt cement, and all measuring devices shall be sensitive to a two percent
tolerance of the amount required. Means shall be provided for checking the
quantity or rate of flow of asphalt cement into the mixer. Suitable means shall
also be provided, either by steam jacketing or other insulation, for maintaining
the specified temperature of the asphalt cement in the pipe lines, meter, weigh
buckets, spray bars and other containers of flow lines.
h)
If an asphalt bucket is used for weighing the asphalt cement, it shall have
sufficient capacity to hold not less than twenty percent of the weight of aggregate
required for one batch. It shall be steam jacketed or equipped with properly
insulated electric heating units and shall be suspended on dial scales equipped
with a telltale device so that the tare weight can be accurately measured to a
tolerance of two percent of weight required. The bucket shall be so arranged that
it will deliver the heated asphalt cement in a thin uniform sheet or in multiple
streams, the full width of the mixer where the asphalt cement will be sprayed into
the mix.
i)
Thermometer equipment - An armored thermometer to include the range from

90oC to 204oC or 200oF to 400oF shall be fixed in the asphalt cement feed line at
a suitable location near the discharge valve at the mixer unit. The plant shall be
further equipped with an approved dial scale mercury actuated thermometer,
and electric pyrometer, or other approved thermometric instrument so placed at
the discharge chute of the dryer so as to register automatically the temperature
of the heated aggregate.
SP-24-3.2
j)
Control of Mixing Time - The plant shall be equipped with positive means to
govern the time of mixer to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The time of mixing
shall be considered as the interval between the time the asphalt cement is
spread on the aggregate and the time the same aggregate is discharged from
the mixer.
k)
Dust Collector - When required by the Engineer or where dust interferes with the
efficient operation of the plant, mixer cover, or a dust collecting system shall be
installed. Provision shall be made to waste the material so collected, or to return
it uniformly to the mixture as the Engineer may direct.
i)
Safety Requirements - Adequate and safe stairways to the mixer platform and
guarded ladders to other plant units shall be placed at all points requiring
accessibility during plant operations. All gears, pulleys, chains, sprockets and
other dangerous moving parts shall be adequately guarded and protected.
Ample and unobstructed passage shall be provided on the mixing platform. A
clear and unobstructed space shall be maintained at all times in and around the
truck loading space, and this area shall be kept free from drippings from the
mixing platform.
Special Requirements for Batching Plants

a)
Weight Box or Hopper - The equipment shall include means for accurately
weighing each size of aggregates in a weigh box or hopper, suspended on
scales, large enough in size to hold a full batch without hand raking or running
over. The weight box or hopper shall be supported on a fulcrum and knife edges
so constructed that they will not be easily thrown out of alignment or adjustment.
Gates on both bins and hopper shall be so constructed as to prevent jeakage
when they are closed.
b)
Mixer Unit for batch Method - The Plant shall include a bath mixer of an
approved twin pugmil type, rotary drum type, or other type that has proved itself
capable of producing a uniform mixture within the limits of these specifications.
It shall have a batch capacity of not less than 900 Kg (2000 lbs). If the pugmill
type, the clearance of the blades from all fixed and moving parts shall not
exceed 2 Cm (0.8 inch) If the mixing tank is not closed, it shall be fitted with a lid
to prevent the dust from being dispersed into the air. The mixer shall be so
constructed as to prevent leakage of contents. The mixer shall have an accurate
time lock to control the operation of a complete mixing cycle by locking the
weigh box gate after the charging of the mixer until the closing of the mixer gate
at the completion of the cycle; it shall lock the asphalt bucket throughout the dry
mixing period and shall lock the mixer gate through out the dry and wet mixing
period. The dry mixing period is defined as the interval of the time between the
opening of the weigh box gate and the application of asphalt cement, the wet
mixing period is the interval of time between the application of asphalt cement
and the opening of the mixer gate.
The control of the timing shall be adjustable and capable of being set at
maximum intervals of 5 seconds for cycles of mixing up to 3 minutes. A
mechanical batch counter shall be installed as a part of the timing devices and
shall be so designed as to register only completely mixed batches.
SP-25-3.3
Special Requirements for Continuous Mixing Plants

a)
Gradation Control Unit - The Plant shall include a means for accurately
proportioning each size of aggregate either by weighing by volumetric
measurement.
When proportioning is by volume, the unit shall include a feeder mounted under
the compartment bins. Each bin shall have an accurately controlled gate, for
volumetrically measurement the material drawn from each respective bin. The
gate shall be rectangular of dimensions of about 30x25 Cm (12 x 10 inches) with
one dimension adjustable by positive mechanical means provided with a lock.
Indicator shall be provided on each gate to show the gate opening in inches.
Filler, if used shall be proportioned separately from a small hopper mounted
directly over the mixer.
b)
Weight Calibration of Aggregate Feed - The provide for calibration of Gate

opening by means of weight test samples. The materials fed out of the storage
bins through their individual orifices shall be by-passed to a suitable test box
each compartment of material being confined in a separate box each
compartment of material being confined in a separate box section. The plant
shall be equipped to handle conveniently samples of about 360Kg (800 lbs) to be
weighed on accurate scales.
c)
Synchronization of Aggregate and Asphalt Feed - Means shall be provided to

afford positive interlocking control between the flow of aggregate from the bins
and the flow of asphalt cement from the meter or other proportioning sources to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.
d)
Mixer Unit for continuous Mixing - The plant shall include a continuous mixer of
an approved type. The paddles shall be of an adjustable type for angular position
on the shafts and shall be reversible to retard the flow of the mix. The mixer
shall carry a manufacturer's plate giving the net volumetric contents of the mixer
at the several levels derived from the aggregate per minute being fed at plant
operating speed.
Determination of mixing time shall be by weight method, using the following
formulas:
Mixing Time in Seconds
SP-26-3.4
Pugmill Dead Capacity in lbs.

Pugmill Output in lbs. per sec ond
Preparation of Aggregates
Before being fed to the dryer, aggregates for binder and wearing courses shall be
separated into two or more size and stored separately. One storage unit shall contain
aggregate of such size that 80 percent will pass Sieve No.4 and the other unit shall
contain aggregate of such size that 80 percent will be retained on Sieve No.4. Should
the Contractor elect to use natural fine material, a separate storage unit for such material
shall be provided in addition to the two units mentioned above in this paragraph. If filler
is used as a separate component it also will be stored and measured separately and
accurately before being fed into the mixer.
In placing the materials in storage or in moving them from storage to the mixer any
method which causes segregation of uncontrolled combination of materials of different
grading shall be discontinued and the segregated or degraded materials shall be
rescreened or wasted, and, if necessary, passed through the dryer before being mixed.
Fine and coarse aggregates shall be fed into the dryer at a uniform rate and the rate of
feed shall be maintained within 10 percent of the amount set. Coarse and fine
aggregates shall be dried and heated so that when delivered to the mixer they shall not
be more than at a temperature of 15 oC (59oF) above the mixing temperature for the
asphalt cement being used, or as directed by the Engineer.
SP-26-3.5
Job-Mix-Formula
The Engineer will determine together with the contractor a job Mix Formula for the
asphalt concrete mixture, established among the other things on basis of Marshall Tests
made with the specified aggregates and asphalt cement to be used. Modifications of the
mix must only be made with the approval of the Engineer.
SP-26-3.6
Preparation and composition of the Mixture

When the mixture is prepared in a twin pug mixer, the volume of aggregate shall not be
so great as to extend above the tips of the mixer blades, when these blades are in a
vertical position. After the aggregate, including filler, has been loaded into the mixer, the
asphalt cement shall be introduced and mixing shall continue until all particles of
aggregate are coated uniformly.
The components shall be combined as to produce a mixture conforming to the following
composition by weight.
Binder Coarse
Percentage
Total aggregate (including filler)

Asphalt Cement
96 95
45
Wearing Coarse
Percentage
Total aggregate (including filler)

Asphalt Cement
95 94
56
but the exact percentage of asphalt cement in the mix shall be based on the Job Mix
Formula.
The combined grading of the aggregate including filler within the general grading limits
specified shall be of such uniformity that the amount of materials passing the ASTM
sieves during any one day's run will not vary more than the following percentage from
the Job Mix approved by the Engineer on the basis of Marshall Tests made on samples
taken from the asphalt plant during operation.
U.S. Standard
Sieve
Permissible variation by
weight
of
total
mix,
percent
by weight
SP-28-3.7
No.4 and large
6%
No.8
4%
No.30
3%
No.200
2%
Asphalt
0.2%
Transportation of Plant-Mixture
The mixture shall be transported to the site in steel-plat lined truck with a minimum
capacity of 5 tons. The inside of the body shall be lightly coated with a soap or detergent
solution to prevent adherence of the mixture and shall be equipped with covers or
tarpaulin to protect the mixture, which shall be used when directed by the Engineer.
SP-28-3.8
Spreading and Compacting

All mixtures shall be dumped in spreader at a temperature of not less than 140 oC
(284oF) and all initial rolling shall be performed when the temperature of the mixture is
such that performed when the temperature of the mixture is such that the sum of the air
temperature plus the temperature of the mixture is between 150 oC (300oF) and 190oC
(375oF), the mixture shall not be placed on any wet surface or when weather conditions
will otherwise prevent its proper handling or finishing.
Asphalt pavers shall be self-propelled mechanical spreading and finishing equipment,
provided with a screed or strike off assembly capable of distributing the material to not
less than the full width of a traffic lane. Screed action shall include any cutting, crowding
or other practical action which is affective on the mixture without tearing, shoving or
gouging, and which produces a surface texture of uniform appearance. The screed shall
be adjustable to the required section and thickness. The paver shall be provided with
either a full width roller or temper or other suitable compacting devices. Pavers that
leave ridges, indentations or other marks in the surface that cannot be eliminated by
rolling or prevented by adjustment in operation shall not be used.
The asphalt paving machine shall be equipped with automatic systems to control the
screed for both longitudinal grade and cross slope. The automatic system may be
purchased in kit form and locally installed or be a factory installed item. The control
system may be a pneumatic-hydraulic or electric-hydraulic type actuated by grade
sensors for the levelling course and/or simple make-break electrical switches type
actuated by joint-matching shoes or ski-type devices for the binder and surface courses.
At points along the side of the stretch to be paved markers will be fixed so that the minor
irregularities in the surface of the base course are not repeated in the asphaltic surface
course.
Where a course previously laid is joined to a course to be laid later the first course shall
be cut back and painted with asphalt cement as directed by the Engineer.
Before placement of an asphalt overlay on an existing pavement a levelling course
should be applied if necessary to produce a surface with cross-fall 2.5% and the same
tolerances as required for normal base. The longitudinal grade shall be satisfactory to the
Engineer.
Before placement of every single layer of asphalt concrete whether it is a layer of
levelling course, binder course or wearing course, a prime coat or a tack coat shall be
applied to the surface to be overlaid.
The mix shall be compacted immediately after placing, initial rolling with a tandem steel
roller or a three wheeled steel roller shall follow the paver as closely as possible.
Immediately following the sealing of the longitudinal joints, rolling shall commence at the
outside edges and progress towards the centre line. Intermediate rolling with a
pneumatic tyred roller shall be done immediately behind the initial rolling. Final rolling
shall eliminate marks from previous rolling. In areas too small for the roller, a vibrating
plate compactor or hand tamper shall be used to achieve thorough compaction.
Rolling shall continue as long as required to attain a minimum compaction of 96 percent
of the Marshall density of the approved Job Mix.
SP-29-3.9
Requirement to the Mixture

When tested according to the Marshall Method, AASHTO T-245, the bituminous mixture
shall conform to the following requirements:
Binder Course
Wearing Courses
No. of blows at
each end of specimen
75
75
StabilityFlow,
8 16
8 16
Voids in total Mix. Percent
48
4.5 5.5
Aggregates voids filled with

Asphalt Cement percent
60 70
65 75
The loss in Marshall stability by submerging specimens in water at 60 oC(140oF) for 24

hours as compared to the stability measured after submerging in water at 60 oC (140oF)
of 20 minutes shall be 25 percent maximum.
The density in place shall be tested by cores taken from the various courses. The cores
will be used to test the density by either Method A or B AASHTO Method of Test T-166,
"Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixture" which ever is applicable.
SP-30-3.10
Pavement Thickness and Tolerances

The asphalt concrete binder and wearing course shall be compacted to the desired level
and cross slops as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
The tolerances in compacted thickness in binder and wearing course shall be 10%
from the desired thickness shown on the drawings or required by the Engineer. For
determination of the average thickness. 10 cores per mile shall be taken as directed by
the Engineer. If the average thickness so determined is deficient by more than + 10%,
the engineer shall decide whether to accept to deficit thickness or to direct
reconstruction.
The allowable tolerances for the finished surface of the wearing course shall be:
-
Level
5 mm (0.2 in).
SP-31-4
3 m (10 feet) straight edge

5 mm (0.2 in).
Cross fall (camber)
0.2 %

The quantities of asphalt concrete wearing course shall be measured by area and the
thickness shall be as specified on drawings.
Quantities of liquid asphalt, wasted or remaining in hand after completion of the work,
shall not be measured or paid for.
The quantities determined as provided above shall be paid for at the contract unit price
of the particular pay item as shown in the Bill of Quantities, which prices and payment
shall constitute full compensation for all the costs necessary for the proper completion of
the work prescribed in this item.

Pay Item No. Description
Measurement
SP4 (a)
A.C.
Wearing course using
mixture
for
mixing
M3
or
M. Ton
SP4 (b)
A.C.
Wearing course using
Central Mixing Plant.
M3
or
M. Ton
SP-31-5
QUALITY CONTROL
The quality control tests and their frequency are given in tables at page Q.C.Tests.
ITEM SPA-1 ASPHALTIC BASE COURSE PLANT MIX
SPA1-1
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of furnishing of plant, labour, equipment and material and
performing all operations in connection with the construction of an asphaltic plant-mix
base course on a previously constructed and accepted subgrade, subbase or base
complete, subject to teams and conditions of the Contract, and in strict accordance with
this Section of the Specification, the Drawings and the directions of the Engineer.
SPA-2
Mineral Aggregate
Mineral aggregate for bituminous base course shall consist of coarse aggregate, fine
aggregate and filler material, if required, all conforming with the following requirements.
Coarse aggregate which is the material retained on AASHTO No.4 selve shall consist of
crushed rock, crushed gravel, crushed boulder. it shall be clean, hard, tough, sound
durable, free from decomposed stones, organic matter, shale, clay lump or other
deleterious substances. Rock or boulders from which coarse aggregate shall be
obtained, must be of uniform quality throughout the quarry.
The amount of crushing shall be regulated so that at least Ninety (90) percent by weight
of material retained on AASHTO No. 4 sieve shall consist of places with at least two (2)
mechanically fractured faces, and when tested for stability of bituminous mix show
satisfactory stability.
Fine aggregate which is material passing No. 4 sieve, shall consist of 100% crushed
material from rock or boulder. No natural sand will be allowed in the mix.
When the combined grading of the coarse and fine aggregates is deficient in material
passing No. 200 sieve, additional filler material shall be added. The filler material shall
consist of finely divided rock dust, hydrated time, hydraulic cement or other suitable
mineral matter. At the time of use, it shall sufficiently dry to flow freely and free from,
congiomerations. Filler material shall conform to following gradation:
US Standard Sieve
No. 30
No. 50
No. 200

100
95 100
70 100
The coarse and fine aggregates shall meet the following applicable requirements:
a)
The percentage of water by the Los Angeles Abrasion Test (AASHTO T 96) shall
not be more than forty (40).
b)
The loss when subject to five cycles of the Sodium Sulphate Soundness
Test (AASHTO 104) shall be less than twelve (12).
c)
The Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T176) determined after all processing except for
addition of asphalt cement shall not be less than forty five (45).
d)
Fine aggregates shall have a liquid limit not more than twenty five (25) and a
Plasticity Index of not more than six (6) as determined by AASHTO T 89 and T
90.
e)
The portion of aggregate retained on the 9.5mm (3/8 inch) sieve shall not
contain more than 15 percent by weight of flat and/or elongated particles (ratio of
maximum to minimum dimensions = 5.1).
SPA-2-2.2
Asphaltic Material
Asphaltic binder to be mixed with the aggretate to produce asphaltic base shall be
asphalt cement having penetration grade 40-50, or 60-70 as approved by the Engineer.
Generally it will meet the requirement of AASHTO M-20.
SPA-2-2.3
Asphalt Concrete Base Course Mixture

The composition of the asphaltic concrete paving mixture for base course shall conform
to Class A and/or Class B shown in the following table:
TABLE 203-1
Combined Aggregate Grading Requirements
Mix Designation
Use
Class A
Class B
Levelling/Base Levelling/Base
Compacted Thickness
75-100 mm
50-100mm
U.S Standard Sieve Size

Class A
Class B
2" (50mm)
100
1" (38 mm)
90-100
100
1" (25 mm)
75-90
3/4" (19 mm)
56-75
65-80
1/2" (12.5 mm)
55-70
3/8" (9.5 mm)
45-60
No. 4 (4.75 mm)
23-40
30-45
No. 8 (2.38 mm)
15-30
15-35
No. 50 (0.300 mm)
4-10
5-15
No. 200 (0.75 mm)
3-6
2-7
Asphalt Concrete Weight

percent of total mix
3
(Minimum)
3
(Minimum)
The asphalt concrete levelling/base course mixture shall meet the following Marshall
Test Criteria:
Compaction, number of
belows each end of speciman
Stability
75
1200 Kg (Min.)
Flow 0.25 mm (0.01 in.)
8-14
Percent air volds in mix
5-9
Percent voids filled with bitumen
SPA-4-2.4
55-65
Percent voids in mineral aggregates
13 (Min)
Loss in Stability
25% (Max)
Job-Mix Formula
At least one (1) week prior to production, a Job-mix Formula (JMF) for the asphaltic base
course to be used for the project, shall be established jointly by the Engineer and the
Contractor in the project laboratory. Job mix formula shall combine the mineral
aggregates and asphalts in such proportion conforming to specification requirements.
The JMF shall be established by MARSHALL Method of Mix Design according to the
procedure prescribed in the Asphalt Institute Manual Series No. 2 9ms-20, May 1984
Edition or the latest Edition.
The JMF with the allowable tolerances shall be within the range specified in item
203.2.3. Each JMF shall indicate a single percentage aggregate passing each required
sieve size and a single percentage of bitumen to be added to the aggregate.
After the JMF is established, all mixtures furnished for the project represented by
samples taken from the asphalt plant during operation, shall conform thereto with the
following ranges of tolerances:
Upon receiving the job-mix, approved by the Engineer, the Contractor shall adjust his
planbt to proportion the individual aggregates, mineral filler and asphalt to produce a
final mix that, when compared to job mix formula shall be within the following limit.
Maximum Variation of Percentage of Materials.
Passing No. 4 and larger sieves
7.0%
Passing No. 8 to No. 100 sieve
4.0%
Passing No. 200
2.0%
Asphalt Content
Weight (percent of total mix)
0.3%
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in the preceding items the mixture as
established by the JMF shall also satisfy the following physical proporty:
Loss of Marshall stability by immersion of specimen in water at sixty (60) degree
centigrade for 24 hours as compared with stability measured after immersion in water at
60 degrees centigrade for 20 minutes shall not exceeds twenty five (25) percent. If the
mixture fails to meet this criterion, JMF shall be modified or an antistripping agent shall
be used.
Should a change of sources of materials be made, a new Job Mix Formula shall be
established before the new material is used. When unsatisfactory results or other
conditions make it necessary, a new Job Mix Formula will be required.
SPA-5-2.5
Asphalt Additives:
Cellulose Fibers shall be used as an asphalt additive with the aim of eliminating bleeding
tendencies at the rate of 0.2 to 0.25 percent by weight of the total mix. Additives shall be
fed by a separate feeding system or manually into pugmill for each batch. The weight of
the additive shall be determined in accordance with the percentage specified in the Job
mix formula.
SPA-5-3
SPA-5-3.1
Bituminous Mixing Plant.
Plants used for the preparation of bituminous mixtures shall be "Batching Plants"
conforming to AASHTO M 156, and of adequate capacity, coordinated and operated to
produce a mixture within the limits of these specifications.
SPA-5-3.2
Preparation of Aggregates
Before being fed to the dryer, aggregates for the asphaltic base course shall be
separated into two or more sizes and stored separately in cold bins. One bin shall
contain aggregate of such size that eighty (80) percent will pass sieve No.4, and the
other bin shall contain aggregate of such size that eighty (80) percent will be retained on
sieve No.4. Should fine material, be in corporated in the mix, separate bin shall
porovided in addition to the two bins mentioned above. If filler is used as a separate
component it will also be stored and measured separately and accurately before being
fed into the mixer.
Asphalt cement shall be heated within a temperature range of hundred and thrity five to
hundred and sixty three (135-163) degreed centigrade at the time of mixing. All material
reheated more than forty two (42) degrees centigrade above maximum shown shall be
considered overheated and shall be rejected until material is sampled and tested.
Dried aggregate weighted and drawn to pugmill shall be combined with proportionate
amount of asphalt cement according to the job mix formula. Temperature of asphalt,
except for temporary fluctuations, shall not be lower than fifteen (15) degrees centigrade
below the temperature of the aggregate, at the time, the two (2) materials enter into the
pugmill.
In placing the materials in bins or in moving them from bins to the mixer, any method
which causes segregation or uncontrolled combination of
materials or different grading, shall be discontinued and the segregated or degraded
materials shall be rescreened, or washed, and, if necessary passed through the dryer
before being mixed.
Each aggregate ingredient shall be heated and dried at temperature not to exceed
hundred and sixty three (163) degrees centigrade. If aggregate contain sufficient
moisture to cause foaming in the mixture or their temperature is in excess of hundred
and sixty three (163) degrees centigrade, they shall be removed from the bins and
returned to their respective stock piles. In no case, shall be temperature of asphaltic mix
exceed 153 degree centigrade when discharged from the pugmill.
Immediately after heating, the aggregates shall be screened to required sizes and stored
in seperate bins for batchig and mixing with bituminous material.
SPA-6-3.3
Hauling Equipment
Dump truck used for hauling bituminous mixtures shall have tight, clean, smooth metal
beds which have been thinly coated with an approved material to prevent adhering of
material to the beds. Each truck shall have a cover of canvas or of other suitable
material of sufficient size as to protect the mixture from the weather. The mixtuer will be
delived on the road at a temperature not less than hundred & thrity (130) degree C.
SPA-6-3.4
Bituminous Pavers
Bituminous pavers shall be self-contained, power-propelled units, provided with an
automatically controlled activated screed or strike-off assembly, heated if necessary,

capable of spreading and finishing courses of bituminous plant mix material in lane
widths applicable to the specified typical section and thicknesses shown on the plans.
Pavers used for shoulders and similar construction shall be capable of spreading and
finishing course of bituminous plant mix material in widths shown on the plans.
The paver shall be equipped with a receiving hopper having sufficient capacity for a
uniform spreading operation. The paver shall be equipped with automatic feed controls,
properly adjusted to maintain a uniform depth of material ahead of the screed.
The screed or strike-off assembly shall be capable of producing a finished surface of the
required evenness and texture without tearing, shoving or gouging the mixture.
When laying the mixtures, the paver shall be capable of being operated at forward
speeds consistent with satisfactory laying of the mixtuer. The paver shall be operated at
speeds which will give the best result for the type of power being used.
The mixed material shall be delivered to power in time to permit completion of
spreading, finishing and compaction of mixture during day light hours.
The paver shall be equipped with automatic screed controls with sensors for either or
both sides of the paver, capable of sensing grade from an outside reference line, sensing
the transverse slope of the screed and providing the automatic signals which operates
the screed to maintain the desired grade and transverse slope. The sensor shall be so
constructed that it will operate from a reference line or a ski-like arrangement.
The transverse slope controller shall be capable of maintaining the screed at the desired
slope within plus or minus 0.1 percen tvariation.
Manual operation will be permitted in the construciton of irregularly shaped and minor
areas.
Whenever a breakdown or malfunction of the automatic controls occurs, the equipment
may be operated manually or by other methods in order ot allow the contractor to use the
asphalt already produced at the plant or transit, provided this method of operation will
produce results otherwise meeting the speciffications.
Reference lines will be required for both outer edges of the travelled way for each main
line roadway for vertical control. Horizontal control utilizing the referenc line will be
permitted. The grade and slope for intermediate lane sshall be controled automatically
from reference lines or by means of a ski and a slope control device or a dual ski
arrangement. When the finish of the grade prepared for paving is superior to the
established tolerance and, when in the opinion of the Engineer, further improvement to
the line, grade, cross sections and smoothness can best be achieved without the use of
the reference line, a ski-liike arrangement may besubstituted subject to the approval of
the Engineer. The use of the reference lines shall be reinstated immediately whenever
the Contractor fails to maintain a superior pavement. The contractor shall furnish and
install all pins, brackets, tensioning devices, wire and accessories necessary for
satisfactory operation of the automatic control equipment.
SPA-7-3.5
Rollers
Rollers shall be steel wheel, pneumatic tyre or vibratory, or combination thereof. The
roller(s) shall be in good condition, capable of reversing without backiash, and shall be
operated at speeds show enough to avoid displacement to the bituminous mixture. The
number and weight of rollers shall be sufficient to compact the mixture to the required
density while it is still in a workable condition. Vibratory rollers shall be acceptable for
bituminous mixture compaction. The use of equipment which results in exceesive
crusing of the aggregate will not be permitted.
SPA-8-3.6
Preparation of Base of Existing Pavement Surface

Before spreading materials the surface of base or existing pavement on which the mix is
to be placed shall be conditioned by application of a prime or tack coat as specified.
After a prime coat is applied, it shall be left undisturbed not less than twenty four (24)
hours. The contractor shall maintain the primed surface until the mix material has been
placed. This maintenance shall include the spreading of san dor other approved material,
if necessary to prevent adherence of the prime coat to the tyres of vehicles using the
primed surface, and patching any breaks in the primed surface with additional
bituminous material or any area of primed surface with additional bituminous material.
Any area of primed surface that has become damaged shall be repaired before the mix
is placed.
After a tack coat is applied, it shall be allowed to dry until it is in the proper condition of
tackiness to receive the mix. The tack coat shall be applied only as far in advance of the
placing of mix, as is necessary to obtain the proper condition of tackiness. Any breaks in
the tack coat shall be repaired.
When the surface of the existing pavement or old base is irregular, it shall be brought to
unifrom grade and cross-section by levelling course as directed. The levelling course
mixture shall conform to the requirements of item 203.2.
A thin coating of bituminous material shall be placed on contact surface of curbing,
gutters, manholes and other structures prior to the bituminous mixture being placed
against them.
SPA-8-3.7
Spreading and Finishing

The mixture shall be laid upon an approved surface, spread and struck off to the section
and elevation established. Bituminous pavers shall be used to distribute the mixture
either over the entire width or over such partial width as may be practicable.
The longitudinal joint in one layre shall offset to that in the layre immediately below, by
approximately 15.0cm: however, the joint in the topy layer shall be at the centerline of
the pavement if the roadway comprises two lanes of width, or at lane lines if the roadway
is more than 2 lanes in width.
On areas which irregularities or unavoidable obstacles make the use of mechanical
spreading and finishing equipment impracticable, the mixture shall be spread, raked and
luted by hand tools. For such areas the mixture shall be dumped, spread and screeded
to give the required compacted thickness.
When production of the mixture can maintained and when practical, pavers shall be
used in echelon to place the wearing course in adjacent lanes and shoulders.
All mixtures shall be spread at a temperature of not less than hundred and thirty (130)
degree C and all initial rolloing or tamping shall be performed when the temperature of
the mixture is such that the sum of the air temperature plus the temperature of the
mixture is between 165 degree C and 190 degree C. The mixture shall not be placed on
any wet surface or when weather conditions will otherwise prevent its proper handling or
finishing.
SPA-9-3.8
Compaction
After spreading and strike off and as soon as the mix condition permits the rolling to be
performed without excessive shoving or tearing, the mixture shall be thoroughly and
uniformly compacted. Rolling shall not be prolonged when cracks appear on the surface.
Initial or breakdown rolling shall be done by means of either a tandem steel roller or
three wheeled steel roller. Rolling shall begin as soon as the mixture will bear the roll
without undue displacement.
The number, and weight of rollers shall be sufficient to obtain the required compaction
while the mixture is still in workable condition. The sequence of rolling and the selection
of roller types shall provide the specified pavement density. Initial rolling with a tandem
steel roller or a three-wheeled steel roller shall follow the paver as closely as possible.
Unless otherwise directed, rolling shall begin at the lower side and proceed longitudinally,
parallel to the road centerline, each trip overlapping one-half of the roller width, gradually
progressing to the crown of the road. When paving in echelon or abutting a previously
placed lane, the longitudinal joint should be rolled first followed by the regular rolling
procedure. On super elevated curves the rolling shall begin at the low side and progress
to the high side by overlappong of longitudinal trips parallel to the centerline.
Intermediate rolling with a pneumatic tyred roller shall be done behind the initial rolling.
Final rolling shall eliminate marks from previous rolling. In no case shall the temperature
be less than hundred & twenty (120) degree C, for initial break down rolling while all
other compaction operations shall be completed before the temperature drops down to
hundred & ten (110) degree C.
Rollers shall move at a slow but uniform speed with the drive roll or wheels nearest the
paver. Rolling shall, be continued until all roller marks are elimitated and a minimum
density of Ninety seven (97) percent of a laboratory compacted specimen made from
asphaltic material obtained for daily marshall density.
Any displacement resulting while reversing of the direction of a roller, or from other
causes, shall be corrected at once by the use of rakes and addition of fresh mixture
when required. Care shall be exercised in rolling not to displace the line and grade of the
edges of the bituminous mixture.
To prevent adhesion of the mixture to the rollers, wheels of rollers shall be kept properly
moistened with water or water mixed with very small quantities, of detergent or other
approved material. Excess liquid will not be permitted.
Along forms, curbs, headers, walls and other places not accessible to the roller, the
mixture shall be thoroughly compacted with hot hand tampers, smoothing irons or with
mechanical tampers. On depressed areas, a tempers be used or clealed compression
strips may be used under the roller to transmit compression to the depressed area.
Any mixture that become loose and broken, mixed with dirt, or is in any way defective in
finish or density shall be removed and replaced with fresh hot mixture, which shall be
compacted to conform with the surrounding area. Any area showing an excess or
deficiency or bituminous material shall be removed and replaced.
SPA-10-3.9 FREQUENCY OF TESTING FOR CORES
Core shall be taken for each seven hundred fifty (750) square meters of base, or fraction
thereof, in special cases. If the core so taken is failed against the specified density, then
two (2) additional cores shall be taken in the longtiudinal alignment of the road at an
interval of three (3) meters on eithe rside with respect to the failing core and shall be
tested against field density. If these core pass, then the individual compaction of the core
shall not be less than Ninety three (93) percent and average of these three cores, in no
case be less than Ninety five (95) percent. If average of the cores further fails against
compaction, then retake the cores at a distance of fifteen (15) meters on either side and
compaction shall be checked in the same fashion. In case of failure of the average of
these five cores, the failed area shall be removed and subsequently be replaced by
specified mix in an approved manner under the expense of contractor.
SPA-10-3.10
PAVEMENT THICKNESS AND TOLERANCES

After completion of final rolling, the finished surface shall be tested for smoothness with
three (3) meters strength edge by Engineer at selected locations. The variation of
surface from testing edge of straight edge between any two (2) contacts with the surface
shall at no point exceeds six (6) millimeters when placed either parallel or perpendicular
to centreline of roadway.
Any irregularities that exceed the specified tolerances or that retain water on the surface
shall be corrected by removing the defective area and replacing with new base course
without additional cost to the Employee.
For determination of the average thickness, six (6) cores per kilometer shall be taken or
as directed by the Engineer. Unless otherwise permitted, cores extracted for thickness
measurement shall not be used for density determination and density cores shall not be
used for thickness measurements.
When layer thickness of asphaltic base course is deficient by more than five (5) mm
from that specified in the Drawings, the deficiency shall be removed with satisfactory
base course material and/or made upt by additional asphalt concrete wearing course
thickness without extra cost to the Employee. If such remedial action is authorised,
revised thickness determinations shall be made by measurements of new cores taken
after placing of "Asphaltic Wearing Course" material or as directed by the Engineer. If
base course deficiencies are corrected in this manner, full payment for the "Asphaltic
Base Course" will be made to the Contractor, but not additional payment will be made for
the increase in thickness of the "Asphaltic Wearing Course".
SPA-11-3.11
ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING AND TESTING

Acceptance for samples and testing of materials and construction requirements shall be
governed by the relevant, "Table for Sampling and Testing Frequency" or as approved by
the Engineer.
SPA-11-3.12
Weather Limitations
Hot asphaltic mixtures shall be placed only when the air temperature is four (4) degrees
centigradeor above and no asphalt shall be laid under foggy or rainy weather or over
moist surface.
SPA-11-4
SPA-11-4.1

Measurement
The quantities for asphaltic levelling/base course shall be measured by weight.
The quantity of asphalt concrete to be measured as a contract item shall be determined
by weighing the completed mixture, acceptably placed in the work. For the purpose of
measurement of asphalt premix, each truck leaving the asphalt plant will receive a load
ticket specifying the type of asphalt premix and the weight of asphalt premix carried in
the truck, certified by an inspector at asphalt p lant. Te premix in the truck shall become
a payable item, when delivered at site and certified by a site inspector to be laid
compacted and finished in an acceptable manner as mentioned above. The completed
mixture hall be weighed on approved vehicle scales, whether portable or fixed which
have been previously tested, certified by the Enginer. If the method of measurement
other than mentioned above is adopted the same should be approved by the Engineer.
In order to overcome practical difficulty in compaction of asphalt concrete on edges, the
Engineers and Contractor must agree on the Cross Section which will be used for
payment before asphaltic compacting work start. Any asphalt laid beyond the agreed
limits will not be paid.
The quantity of asphaltic material used is included in the asphalt concrete mixture and
will not be measured separately.
Quantities of liquid asphalt, wasted or remaining on hand after completion of the work,
shall not be measured or paid for.
SPA-12-4.2
Payment
The quantities determined as provided above shall be paid for at the contract unit price
respectively for each of the particular pay items listed below and shown in the Bill of
Quantities, which prices and payment shall consititute full compensation for all costs
necessary for the proper completion of the work prescribed in this item:
Pay Item No.
Description
Measurement
SPA (a)
Asphaltic Base
Course Plant Mix (Class
A)
M. Ton
or M3
SPA (b)
Asphaltic Base
Course Plant Mix (Class
B)
M. Ton
or M3
SPA(c)
Asphaltic
Levelling Course Plant
Mix (Class A)
M. Ton or M3
SPA (d)
Asphaltic
Levelling
Course Plant Mix (Class B)
M. Ton or M3
ITEM SPB ASPHALT CONCRETE WEARING COURSE - PLANT MIX
SPB-1-1
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of furnishing aggregates and asphalt binder at a central mixing
plant, to a specified temperatures transporting, spread and commenting the mixture in
an approved, primed or tacked, base, subbase subgrade, bridge deck or concrete
pavement in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines,
grades and typical cross-sections shown in the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
SPB-1-2
SPB-1-2.1
Mineral Aggregates
The Aggregates shall consist of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler material, if
required and shall be clean based, tough, durable and sound particles of uniform quality
and from decomposed material, vegetable matter shall clay, lumps and other deterious
substances.
Course aggregate which is the material retained on an AASHTO No. 4 Sieve, shall
consist of one hundred (100)% crushedrock or crushed gravel having two (2) faces
mechanically crushed. The type of source shall be uniform throughout the quarry location
from where such a material is obtained. The course aggregates shall be free from an
excess of flat elongated prices.
Fine aggregate which is the material passing on AASHTO No. 4 sieve, shall consist of
100% crushed material from rock or boulder. Fine aggregate shall be stored separately,
and no natural sand will be allowed in the mix.
When the combined grading of the coarse and fine aggregates in deficient in material
passing the AASHTO No. 200 sieve, mineral filler material shall be added as approved
by the Engineer. The filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock
dusts, hydrated lime, hydraulic cement or other suitable mineral matter free from lumps,
balls or other deleterious material and shall confirm to the following gradation:
US Standard Sieve
Weight
Percent
Passing
by
No. 30 (0.600mm)
100
No. 50 (0.300mm)
95-100
No. 200 (0.075mm)
70-100
The coarse and fine aggregates shall meet the following requirements:
a)
The percent of wear by the Los Angeles Abrasion test (AASHTO T96)
shall not be more than thirty (30).
b)
The loss when subjected to five cycles of the Sodium Sulphate Soundness test
(AASHTO T 104) shall be less than twelve (12).
c)
The Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T 176) determined after all processing except
for addition of asphalt cement shall not be less than 45.
d)
All aggregates shall have a liquid limit of not more than twenty five (25) and a
Plasticity Index of not more than four (4) as determined by AASHTO T-89 and T90.
e)
The portion of aggregate retained on the 9.5mm (3/8 inch) sieve shall not
contain more than 15 percent by weight of flat and/or elongated particles (ratio of
maximum to minimum dimension = 5:1).
f)
The three dimensions of particles shall be nearly equal. For atleast eighty (80) %
of the particles, the proportion between the largest and smallest dimension shall
be two and a half (2.5) or less and for atleast ninety five (950 % of the particles
the same proportion shall be three (3) or less.
The percentage of particles having certain proportions between their largest and smallest
dimensions (i.e. between the largest distance the particles can fill out between two
parallel planes that will permit the particle to pass), shall be determined in the following
way:
SPB-2-2.2
i.
Forma a sample of course aggregates, all particles passing No. 4 sieve are
eliminated. The sample shall be of sufficient quantity that atleast 100 particles
remain.
ii.
By means of a sliding callper, the largest and smallest dimensions, as defined

above, are determined for each particle and its proportion calculated (with one
decimal).
iii.
The total weights of particles having the proportions two and a half (2.5) or less
and three (3) or less, ae determined and their percentage in relation to the total
sample are calculated.
Asphaltic Material
Asphaltic binder to be mixed with the aggregate to produce asphaltic base shall be
asphalt cement penetration grade 40-50, or 60-70 as specified by the Engineer.
Generally it will meet the requirement of AASHTO M-20.
SPB-2-2.3
Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Mixture

The composition of the asphaltic concrete paving mixture for wearing course shall
conform to Class A and/or Class B shown in the following table:
SPB-2
Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Requirements
Mix Designation
Class A
Class B
Compacted Thickness
50-100mm
35-60
Combined Aggregate Grading Requirements
US Standard Sieve Sizes

Class A
Class B
1"
100
3/4" (19mm)
90 100
100
1/2" (12.5mm)
75 90
3/8" (9.5mm)
56 70
60 80
(25mm)
No.4 (4.75mm)
35 50
40 60
No.8 (2.38mm)
23 35
20 40
No.50 (0.30mm)
5 12
5 15
No.200 (0.075mm)
28
38
Asphalt Content Weight

percent of total mix
3.5 (Min)
3.5 (Min)
The asphalt concrete wearing course mixture shall meet the following Marshal Test
Criteria:
Compaction, number of blows each end of specimen
Stability
1000Kgm (Min)
Flow, 0.25mm (0.01 inch)
8-14
Percent air voids in mix
5-8
Percent voids filled with bitumen
SPB-3-2.4
75
65-75
Percent voids in mineral aggregates
14 (Min)
Loss of Stability
20 % (Max)
Job-Mix Formula
Atleast one week prior to production a Job-Mix Formula (JMF) for the asphaltic wearing
course mixture or mixtures to be used for the project, shall be established jointly by the
Engineer and the Contractor.
The JMF shall be established be Marshall Method of Mix Design according to the
procedure prescribed in the Asphalt Institute Manual Series No. 2 (MS-20), May 1984
Edition or the latest Edition.
The JMF, with the allowable tolerances, shall be within the master range specified in
Table 305-1. Each JMF shall indicate a single percentage of aggregate passing each
required sieve and a single percentage of bitumen to be added to the aggregates.
After the JMF is established, all mixtures furnished for the project represented by
samples taken from the asphalt plant during operation, shall conform thereto with the
following ranges of tolerances:
Combined Aggregates Gradation
Passing No.4 and Larger Sieves
6.0 %
Passing No.8 to No.100 Sieves
4.0 %
Passing No.2
2.0 %
Asphalt Content
Weight (percent of total mix)
0.3 %
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in the preceeding items, the mixture as
established by the JMF shall also satisfy the following physical property.
Loss of Marshall Stability by immersion of specimen in water at sixty (60) degree C, for
twenty four (24) hours as compared with the stability measured after immersion in water
at sixty (60) degree C, for twenty (20) minutes shall not exceed twenty (20) percent. If
the mixture fails to meet this criterion, the JMF, shall be modified or an anti-stripping
agent shall be used.
Should a change of sources of materials be made a new job Mix Formula shall be
established before the new material is used. When unsatisfactory results or other
conditions make it necessary, a new job Mix Formula will be required.
SPB-4-2.5
Asphalt Additives
Cellulose Fibres shall be used as an asphalt additive with the aim of eliminating bleeding
tendencies. Normally 0.2 to 0.25% by weight of the total mix will be required. The fibres
shall be fed into the pugmill by a separate feeder system or by hand into every batch.
The weight of the fibres shall be determined in accordance with the percentage specified
in the job-mix formula.
SPB-5-3
Construction requirements for this item shall conform with the same as specified for
Asphaltic Concrete Base Course Plant Mix under item
SPA-5-3, except as modified in the following sub-items.
SPB-5-3.1
Preparation of Base Course Surface

Before spreading materials, the surface of the previously constructed and accepted base
course on which the mix is to be placed shall be conditioned by application of a tack
coat, if directed by the Engineer.
SPB-5-3.2
Payment Thickness and Tolerances

The asphalt concrete wearing course shall be compacted to the desired
slope as shown on the drawing or as directed by the Engineer.
The tolerances in compacted thickness of the wearing course shall be
from the desired thickness shown on the drawings. For determination
thickness, six (6) cores per kilometer shall be taken as specified
level and cross

five (5) percent
of the average
in the Special
Provisions or as directed by the Engineer. If the average thickness so determined is

deficient by more than 5 percent, the Engineer shall decide whether to accept the
deflicit thickness or to direct reconstruction.
The surface of the wearing course shall be tested by the Engineer using a 3 meter
straightedge at selected locations. The variation of the surface from the testing edge of
the straightedge between any two contacts, longitudinal or transverse with the surface
shall at no point exceed five (5) millimeters. The cross fall (camber) shall be with 0.2
percent of that specified, and the level at any point shall be within 0.5 millimeters of
the level shown on the Drawings. All humps or depressions exceeding the specified
tolerance shall be corrected by removing the defective work and replacing it with new
material, by overlying, or by other means satisfactory to the Engineer.
SPB-5-3.3
Acceptance Sampling and Testing

Acceptance of sampling and testing for this item with respect to materials and
construction requirements, not specified herein, shall be in accordance with the relevant,
" Tables for Sampling and Testing Frequency " in these specifications.
SPB-6-4
SPB-6-4.1

Measurement
The quantities of asphaltic wearing course shall be measured by weight.
The quantity of asphalt concrete to be measured as a contract item shall be determined
by weighing the completed mixture, acceptably placed in the work.
For the purpose of measurement of asphalt premix, each truck leaving the asphalt plant
will receive a load ticket specifying the type of asphalt premix and the weight of asphalt
premix carried in the truck, certified by an inspector at asphalt plant. The premix in the
truck shall become a payable item when delivered at site and certified by a site inspector
to be laid compacted mixture shall be weighed on approved vehicle scales, whether
portable or fixed which have been previously tested, certified and sealed by the
Engineer. Anyother method used for the measurement shall be approved by the
Engineer.
In order to overcome practical difficulty in compaction of asphalt concrete on edges, the
engineer and contractor must agree on the corss section which will be used for payment
before asphaltic work start. Any asphalt laid beyond the agreed limits will not be paid.
A tolerance of five (5) mm shall be allowed in compacted thickness for each Asphalt
concrete layer. However, any asphalt in excess of five (5) mm shall not be paid and any
layer deficient by more than five (5) mm may be rejected unless rectified by overlaying
additional layer at no extra cost, approved by the Engineer. This shall be applied on each
two thousand (2000) SM area or each day's production whichever is less. Thickness of
compacted asphalt concrete layer shall be determined by cutting cores by random
Sampling Method.
The quantity of asphaltic material used is included in the asphalt concrete mixture and
will not be measured separately.
Quantities Bitumen, wasted or remaining on hand after completion of the work, shall not
be measured or paid for.
SPB-6-4.2
Payment
The quantity determined as provided above shall be paid for at the contract unit price
respectively for each of the particular pay items listed below and shown in the Bill of
Quantities, which prices and payment shall constitute full compensation for all the costs
necessary for the proper completion of the work prescribed in this item:
Pay Item No.
Description
Measurement
SPB (a)
Asphaltic
Concrete for Wearing
Course
(Class
A)
M3 or M. Ton
SPB (b)
Asphaltic
Concrete for Wearing
Course
(Class
B)
M3 or M. Ton
SPB(c)
Additive
Asphaltic
Kg or M3

Surface Courses and Pavement (241199)

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Surface Courses and Pavement (241199)

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ITEM SP

SURFACE COURSES AND PAVEMENT

(25 C) 100g 5 sec.

(25 C) 5 cm per min.

325F (163 C) 5 hr.

Distillate to 360 C (680 F)

to 360 C (680 F) volume

Ductility, 5cm/min, cm (see note 2)

Solubility in Trichloroethylene, Percent

Tests on residue from distillation:

Degree C Kinematic Viscosity

Distillate to 360 C (680 F)

Residue from distillation to 360 C (680 F)

Tests on residue from distillation:

Ductility, 5cm/min, m (see note 2)

Solubility in Trichloroethylene, percent

Tests on residue from distillation:

Spot test (see note 3) with

Negative for all grades

Naphtha xylene solvent

Grade MC-70 Furol viscosity at 50 C (122 F) - 60 to 120 sec.

Grade MC-250 Furol viscosity at 60 C (140 F) - 120 to 250 sec.

Grade MC-800 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) - 100 to 200 sec.

If penetration of residue is more than 200 and its ductility at 25 C (77 F)

In lieu of viscosity of residue, the specifying agency, at its own opinion

penetration 100 g; 5 s at 25 C of 120 to 250 for grades MC-30 , MC-70,

Flash point (tag. open cup),

to 360 C (680 F) volume

Spot test (see note 2) with

Negative for all grades

Naphtha xylene solvent

Heptane xylene solvent

Note 1. As an alternate, Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows:

Grade RC-70 Furol viscosity at 50 C (122 F) - 60 to 120 sec.

Grade RC-250 Furol viscosity at 60 C (140 F) - 125 to 250 sec.

Grade RC-800 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) - 100 to 200 sec.

In lieu of viscosity of residue, the specifying agency, at its own opinion

penetration 100 g; 5 s at 25 C of 80 to 120 for grades RC-70 ,RC-250,

ITEM SP1 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT

Application of asphaltic Material

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

ITEM SP2 BITUMINOUS TACK COAT

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

Cut-back Asphalt for Bituminous

ITEM SP3 BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT AND SEAL COAT

Percentage passing by Weight

Double Surface Treatment

Triple Surface Treatment

RC-250, RS-1 or RS-2

Application of Asphaltic material

Bituminous Treated Shoulders

Seal Coat without

Bituminous material types are (a) asphalt cement, (b) cut-back or

Quantities of bituminous material may be varied by the Engineer by

Bituminous Double Surface Treatment 2nd Layer

Bituminous Triple Surface Treatment

ITEM SP4 ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT - PLANT MIX

Percentage Passing by Weight

Percent Passing by Weight

Screens - Suitable screens capable of screening all aggregates to the sizes

Asphalt Cement Control Unit - Satisfactory means either by weighing, metering,

Thermometer equipment - An armored thermometer to include the range from

Special Requirements for Batching Plants