UNETHICAL MEDICAL RESEARCH

Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Any animal whatever, endowed with well-marked social instincts, would inevitably acquire a
moral sense or conscience, as soon as its intellectual powers had become as well developed . . . as
in man." Charles Darwin, Descent of Man
Modern science is subject to strict ethical codes when it comes to scientific trials,
and for good reason. In the past, thousands of experiments were conducted without regard to safety
or ethics, often with deadly consequences. Many were performed because public safety or the
imminent threat to the nation was deemed paramount over individual rights. Others resulted from
the misapplication of junk science, short-sightedness, or political greed. Such unethical research
programs are still making headlines today, as the federal and state governments apologize and grant
compensation to victims, throughout the history of mankind, research has played a pivotal role in
advancing civilization by providing solutions to our most complex and perplexing problems. Through
extensive exploration, critical analyses and endless studies, scientists, doctors, engineers and
mathematicians have introduced cures and innovations that have eradicated many of the world's
most devastating diseases and improved the quality of life for millions

ORIGIN OF EHICKS MEDICAL RESEARCH - Research ethics arose from the ashes of the Holocaust.
This racially motivated mass genocide by the Nazi regime included the systematic and brutal torture
and murder of millions of people. The Nazi doctors also conducted notorious and sadistic medical
experiments, characterized by a total lack of voluntary consent and ethical practice as well as a
pervasive pseudo-science. These murderous experiments were intended only to help the German
race and German soldiers. Many experiments intentionally ended with the death of the research
subject (See Nova Online: Holocaust on Trial - The Experiments

INDIAN EDCUATION HEADING TO DOWN FALL like many others in the world Indian higher
education is becoming low moral ground cheating the system. Most of thesis writing are flawed
ideas submitted for awarding the degrees, and Doctorates we as teachers expect greater things with
no resources in the Medical Colleges Many teachers think ideals to be maintained as the research is
the basis of higher education as Research produces knowledge and certainty that goes beyond
established facts. However, research is a complicated process involving human subjects or people.
This involvement creates complicated and extraordinary issues that are ethical, legal, political and
social, Today matters are confusing Todays world is filled with confusion and many are waylaid in
following the right path. This is aggravated by the various different interpretations of societal norms.
Ethics has the standard of agreeable conduct and empowers professionals in promoting moral
values in their work. BEWARE THE RESEARCH NEEDS ETHICKS? Research ethics applies the
fundamental of ethical principles to a variety of topics involving scientific research. In implementing
investigations, ethics must be an important consideration involving lives affecting humans & animals
and most developed as a principle in medical research. Past involvements include various aspects as:
(1) academic scandal falsification of ideas and plagiarism; (2) whistleblowing one method
discover misconduct in research; (3) improper use of research regulation; (4) competition may be
good or bad in its use; and (5) lots more. One way to ensure is keeping the responses and actions of
participants wholly anonymous and unidentifiable. Informed consent of the participants and they
must be free to participate or back-out after learning more details about the study. It does not mean
that they will know every detail about the study. Never forget soon people know around you know

what you are cheating and if you publish paper one line the world know your ignorance you sooner
than later.
WHY WE MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS DIFFER FREOM OTHER BRACHES O F SCICENCE Ethics are so
highly valued in medicine that most doctors pledge to adhere to the Hippocratic Oath. This oath,
developed by the Greek physician Hippocrates about 2,500 years ago, outlines principles of medical
ethics. For example, it incorporates rules of honour and justice, cautions against criminal activity and
maintains patient rights [source: Alper].

LAND MARKS IN UNETHICAL RESEARCH Starting in 1932 and continuing until 1972, the
Tuskegee experiment followed 600 poor black farmers in Alabama, 399 who had contracted syphilis
prior to the study. All believed they were receiving free government medical care for bad blood,
and although a cure for syphilis was readily available since the mid-1940s via penicillin, treatment
was deliberately withheld to study the course of the disease. Many subjects subsequently developed
late-stage neuro-syphilis, infected their wives and even children who were born with congenital
syphilis. The horrors of the Tuskegee syphilis experiment led to the establishment of the National
Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioural Research in 1979.
Yet the damage from unethical tests had already been done decades earlier.
DO YOU KNOW THE HAPPENINGS the dream of open access to scientific knowledge has come up
hard against the truism that you cant trust everything you read on the Internet. Many online
journals are publishing papers without the verification of documentation of facts and consent of
human subjects, and even the Ethical committees documentation are falsified and even do not exist
A REAL TIME UNDERSTANDING HOW FRAUD CAN BE IGNORED AND FLORUISH IN MEDICINE AND
SCIENCE - A fabricated and highly flawed research paper sent to 304 online journals by John
Bohannon, a science journalist at Harvard, was accepted for publication by more than half of them.
The paper, about a new cancer drug, included nonsensical graphs and an utter disregard for the
scientific method. In addition, it was written by fake authors, from a fake university in Africa and, as
a final flourish, had been changed through Google Translate into French and back to English.
Collaborators at Harvard helped him make it convincingly boring.

FLAWED CONSENT The beginning of falsification of research starts with flawed consent
forms and UNETHICAL DOCUMENTATION AND LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ON THE PART OF
ETHICAL COMMITTEE
University of North Dakota is to protect the rights and welfare of individual research subjects. This
goals is accomplished by having the IRB assure that the following requirements are satisfied: of even
verification of the facts by the guides
WHAT ARE MINIMAL CONSIDERTATION TO DO RESEARCH REAMIN WITH AS AGREED ON MANY
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1. Risk to subjects are minimized
2. Risk to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits,
3. Selection of subjects is equitable, i.e. fair
4. Informed consent is sought form each subject or his/her legally authorized representative,
5. Informed consent is appropriately documented,
6. When appropriate, the research plan makes provisions for monitoring data collection,

7. Privacy and confidentiality of research subjects is appropriately protected, and

8. When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue
Influence, additional safeguards have been included.

WE SHOULD KNOW THE HUMAN SPECIMENS DIFFER FROM MANY OTHER MATTERS
However, just as we have adjusted our moral compasses to view taking unauthorized samples from
patients for research as wrong, medicine continues to change -- and so does medical ethics. Because
of medical ethics, you can have a reasonable expectation that your personal information will be kept
private, your clinical providers won't be impaired, and your wishes for care while incapacitated will
be respected
WITH PRIVATIZATION OF EDCUATION LACK OF TEACHERS AND GUIDES ABOVE ALL LACK OF
ACADEMIC STANDARDS AND MORALS, promoting the junk science, Medicine with shortsightedness, or political greed economic incentives for promotions and purpose or award of
doctorates killing the education to the lowest levels
DO YOU KNOW THE FACTS MANY ONLINE JOURNALS ARE UNDER SCRUTINY BY WELL ESTABLISHED
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, NEVERF FORGT WE PERISH WITH FAKE RESEARCH AND FABRIAATED
PUBLICATIONS SOONER THAN LATER
Ref 1 Historical Cases of Unethical Research Serena Marsden & Melissa Melander University of
North Dakota
2 Ethical vs. Unethical Research by Terri Williams e how discover
3 What will medicine consider unethical in 100 years? By Elizabeth Sprouse How stuff works health
4 Understanding Research Ethics and Clinical Trials in the Context of Stem Cell Research Stem cells
biology and Bioethics and applications
Dr.T.V.Rao MD Professor of Microbiology Freelance writer