Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
: 17 MAY 08
Page 1
Grading Sheet
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MIME 3470Thermal Science Laboratory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Experiment . 5
VISCOSITY
5
10
5
SAYBOLT VISCOMETER
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
WHY FILL SAYBOLT CONTAINER TO OVERFLOWING ?
HOW WOULD ONE INTERPOLATE TABLE 1 DATA?
WHY MUST THE GLYCERIN & OIL BE AT THE SAME TEMPS?
WHICH METHOD IS BEST? WHY?
CONCLUSIONS
ORIGINAL DATASHEET
TOTAL
COMMENTS
GRADER
5
5
5
5
5
5
100
SCORE
TOTAL
VISCOSITY
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
EXPERIMENT TIME/DATE:
NAME
NAME
NAME
TIME, DATE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
viscosity: < Latin, viscosus, sticky (also viscum, bird lime, a sticky
subs-tance made from mistletoe berries that is spread on twigs to capture
birds)
Page 2
Re
f Vterm D
(1)
Vterm
D2 g f
(2)
18
g acceleration of gravity
density of the sphere.
Report both dynamic and kinematic viscosities in the space
provided in the Mathcad object.
Note that Stokes law only applies to spheres and it assumes an infinite
fluid around the sphere. The presence of the cylinder walls will cause a
higher fluid velocity around the sphere. If D/Dcyl > 1/3, this wall effect
can be approximately accounted for by using
where,
9D
9D
(3)
Vterm
4 Dtube 4 Dtube
where,
V true fluid velocity as experienced by the sphere
Dtube inside diameter of the graduated cylinder or tube.
V
OVERFLOW ANNULUS
OIL
FILL TO HERE
THERMOMETER
HEATING
UNIT
RESERVOIR
CONTAINER
LIQUID BATH
60 CC
Page 3
CORK
dV x
Shearing Force
Shearing Area
dy
(4)
195
SI cSt 0.226 SUS
,
SUS
32s
SUS 100s
135
,
SUS
SUS
100s
English Gravitational
ft 2 / s
1
195
0.226 SUS
, 32s
929
SUS
45
40
35
30
Detailed ProcedureMake sure that the cylinder that holds the test
fluid is absolutely clean. Using glycerine3 as a calibrating fluid,
measure the time (seconds) for 20 revolutions using two different
masses on the hanger. This will produce two different shearing rates
and driving shearing stresses. Then, clean and dry the cylinder that
holds the liquid and load the sample of the fluid of unknown
viscosity. Test the sample using the same procedure.
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
12070
20
1410
30
612
40
284
50
142
60
81.3
70
50.6
80
31.9
90
21.3
100
14.8
10
3900
http://www.dow.com/glycerine/resources/table18.htm,
In plotting the data listed in Table 1, one must observe the highly nonlinear viscosity-temperature dependence. This makes the evaluation
of viscosity at room temperature (20C) difficult. Fortunately, UTs
Bruce Poling (Professor, ChEE) in Reference [A]4 has supplied the
following equation for the absolute viscosity of glycerol:
3.426 1073 T 28.52 , (applicable range 273 T
303K)
The curve fitted data shown in Figure 4 indicates a good agreement
between experimental data of Table 1 and predictions made with
the above equation. Density data downloaded from the same URL
is shown in Table2 and is also plotted in Figure 4. As one might
expect, density is linear enough to interpolate.
In the discussion, explain how one would interpolate the data of
Table 1 if the Poling equation just above were not available.
Page 4
15.5
20
25
30
1.26415
1.26381
1.26108
1.25802
1.25495
1.4 10
1.2 10
1 10
c alc( TT )
8000
1 10
1 10
calc( TT )
3
1 10
6000
4000
2000
0
270
280
290
300
100
270
310
280
T TT
i
290
300
310
T TT
i
2
jj
1.5
1
270
280
290
T den
300
310
jj
Page 5
Page 6
ORDERED DATA, CALCULATIONS, AND RESULTS THE RED BOX BELOW RESIDES OVER THE MATHCAD OBJECT & CAN BE RESIZED A/O
MOVED.
c P
poise
100
Page 7
cSt
stokes
100
2. SAYBOLT VISCOMETER
3. STORMER VISCOMETER
SUMMARY
DYNAMIC
VISCOSITY
KINEMATIC
VISCOSITY
FALLING SPHERE
sph
cP
sph
cSt
SAYBOLT
sau
cP
sau
cSt
STORMER
stm
cP
stm
cSt
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
In the Saybolt part of the lab, explain why filling the oil to overflowing is important and why the annulus needs to be cleaned?
Answer here
.
How one would interpolate the data of Table 1 if the Poling
equation were not available?
Answer here
One must take extra care to insure that the temperature of the oil
is the same as the temperature of the calibrating glycerol since the
calibrating chart can only be used under these conditions.
Explain why this is so.
Answer here
Explain which of the three methods is best? Why?
Answer here
CONCLUSIONS
Page 8
Page 9
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A DATA SHEET FOR VISCOSITY EXPERIMENT
Time/Date:
_______________________
Lab Partners:
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Average
O.D. cm
10 Spheres
Total Mass, g
Fluid
Motor Oil
Fluid Temperature, C
Mass of Empty Saybolt 60cc Flask, g
Mass of Flask with Fluid Sample, g
.
.
.
Sphere Diameter, cm
Fall Distance, cm
Fall Time, s
Use Saybolt
60 cc flask
I.D. of Cylinder
.
.
.
.
2. Saybolt Viscometer
Fluid
Motor Oil
Fluid Temperature, C
Same as above
3. Stormer Viscometer
Glycerin Calibration Runs
Run
Temperature, C
1
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Hung Mass, g
Page 10
Page 11