Material Variants

In industries when we deal with Configurable material, many of times we come across a configuration which is asked
every now and then by many customer.
Also business dont want to wait for customer to enter order and then start its production , instead there is a need to
have something similar to Make to Stock for this configuration to bring lead time down and maintain some stock of
this fast moving configuration.
To address all of these and many other requirements, there is a standard option available in SAP to create Material
Variant.
This document will be useful for beginners in VC area to understand the concept of Material Variant and how it can be
setup using standard SAP. Also we will discuss how when you configure a material in sales order (VA01) or
Configuration Simulation CU50, you can check whether a material variant already exists that has the same
characteristic values and it will manually or automatically replace the configurable material in sales order. You can
display existing material variants on the characteristic value assignment screen. However, the configurable material is
not automatically replaced by the variant.

By definition from SAP Help,

Material Variants (1)
A material variant is a material that can be kept in stock and that arises from an individual configuration of a
configurable product.
The material master record of a material variant is linked to the configurable material and configured using the
characteristics of the configurable material. This variant of the configurable material can then be manufactured and
kept in stock.
A.

You have a Configurable Product BIKE which has 3 attribute on which it can be configured,
which become Characteristics of this configurable material.
These characteristics will have possible values associated

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COLOUR
Red
Blue
Black
Green
Golden
Silver
Orange
Purple
Yellow
Dark Red
ENGINE TYPE

o 200 CC
o 400 CC

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600 CC
800 CC
1000 CC
1200 CC
1400 CC
1500 CC
1600 CC
1800 CC

EXHAUST

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S- EXHAUST 1
S- EXHAUST 2
S- EXHAUST 3
S- EXHAUST 4
S- EXHAUST 5
S- EXHAUST 6
S- EXHAUST 7
S- EXHAUST 8
S- EXHAUST 9
S- EXHAUST 10
You created configurable material with all Basic settings required for Variant Configuration

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For these settings, reference can be taken from document created by Philipp Kuster on SAP SDN (2)

With topic, Introduction to Variant Configuration with an example model. SAP ERP Sales and Distribution
(SAP SD)
Below are the steps to create a Material Variant, Create a new material, BIKE - BLACK - 1000
Transaction: MM01

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Select views

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Complete the material creation process by filling out necessary details and mandatory fields.
To manufacture the material variant in-house, you must maintain the variant at plant level, so that BOMs, routings,
and so on can be determined. Cross-plant variants can be used in Purchasing, but are not supported in Sales.

To set up the material variant specific to a plant, in MRP 3 View, in field Configurable Material ( MARC-STDPD) in
put the configurable material number.

Press enter; you will get a message to Configure the material.

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Press to configure this variant, you will get a pop-up

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Come out of the screen using,complete the process of creation of material following all required view and mandatory
fields.
In the basic data, you can link the material variant to a configurable material. This configuration applies to all plants.
Now the Material Variant is created, and need to be linked with BOM and Routings of Configurable Material.
Transaction: CS40

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Press enter

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Save the assignment.

Assign Routing
Transaction: CA02

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Open a routing of configurable material

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Use the material assignment option

Enter Group counter, Material and plant

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Save the routing.

Now the material Variant is ready to be used.
If the strategy group associated is relevant for Make to stock: production, you can plan the independent requirement,
have MRP run, generate plan order, convert it to production order and confirm to generate stock of this material
variants.

Make to Stock Production for Variants (1)

Variants can be planned on the finished product level using any make-to-stock strategy, such
as Planning with Final Assembly (40) or Net Requirements Planning (10)
Make to Order Production for Variants (1)
Variants can be planned on the finished product level using any make-to-order strategy, such
as Planning w/o Final Assembly (50) or Planning with a Planning Material (60)
Replacement of Configurable material with material Variant in Sales order.
You can define the settings for variant matching in the configuration profile of a configurable material and
on the characteristic value assignment screen.
I.

In the configuration profile, choose Settings, and on the characteristic value assignment
screen choose View --Settings.

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Prerequisites (1)
You define the settings for variant matching in Customizing for Sales and Distribution, where you maintain
item categories.
Configuration of Sales and Distribution -> Sales -> Sales Document -> Sales Document Item -> Define Item
Categories.

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Activate variant matching for an item category, by put a tick as shown above


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Define Material variant action to decide how the system reacts if it finds a material variant:
The system automatically replaces the configurable material with the material variant.
You see a message telling you that a material variant with the same configuration exists.
If the material variant is not available, you can:
Receive an automatic message with a list of the material variant stock situation. You can
then decide whether to replace the material variant.
Decide that you do not want to replace the variant.
Create Sales order

Transaction VA01:

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Input configurable material as required material

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Configure the configurable material in the sales order.

On the value assignment screen, you can check whether material variants match the
configuration of the material

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Material Variant matching the values will listed on lower part of screen.

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Once you have configured the material, leave the configuration editor.
Depending on the settings in Customizing, either the material is replaced by the material variant
immediately, or you see a message telling you that a suitable material variant has been found.
Save the sales order.
Individual or collective requirements can be generated for the material variant. Pricing also applies to the
material variant, unless you define the configurable material as the pricing material for the material
variant.