Micro uidicModule

o wareforMul phicimula onofMicro uidicDevice

Aninkdropletiejectedthroughanozzleandtravelthroughairuntilithitthetarget.Themodelcaneuedto
undertandtheeffectoftheinkpropertieandthepreureprofileatthenozzleonthedropvelocit,dropvolume,
andthepreenceofatellitedrop.

GeneralPurpoeMicro uidicimula on
TheMicrofluidicModuleringoueailoperatedtoolfortudingmicrofluidicdevice.
Importantapplicationincludeimulationoflaonachipdevice,digitalmicrofluidic,
electrokineticandmagnetokineticdevice,andinkjet.TheMicrofluidicModuleincluderead
toueuerinterfaceandimulationtool,ocalledphicinterface,foringlephaeflow,
poroumediaflow,twophaeflow,andtranportphenomena.

calingDowntoMicrocaleFlow

Microfluidicflowoccuronlengthcalethatareorderofmagnitudemallerthanmacrocopic
flow.Manipulationoffluidatthemicrocalehaanumerofadvantagetpicall
microfluidictemaremaller,operatefater,andrequirelefluidthantheirmacrocopic
equivalent.
nerginputandoutputarealoeaiertocontrol(forexample,heatgeneratedinachemical
reaction)ecauetheurfacetoareavolumeratioofthetemimuchgreaterthanthatofa
macrocopictem.Ingeneral,athelengthcaleofthefluidflowireduced,propertiethat
calewiththeurfaceareaofthetemecomecomparativelmoreimportantthanthoethat
calewiththevolumeoftheflow.
Thiiapparentinthefluidflowitelfathevicouforce,whicharegeneratedhearover
theiovelociturface,dominateovertheinertialforce.TheRenoldnumer(Re)that
characterizetheratiooftheetwoforceitpicalllow,otheflowiuualllaminar.In
mancae,thecreeping(toke)flowregimeapplie(Re1).Laminarandcreepingflowmake
mixingparticularldifficult,omatranportioftendiffuionlimited,uteveninmicrofluidic
temdiffuionioftenalowproce.Thihaimplicationforchemicaltranportwithin
microfluidictem.TheMicrofluidicModuleideignedpecificallforhandlingmomentum,
heat,andmatranportwithpecialconiderationforfluidflowatthemicrocale.
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Addi onalimage:
LAMLLAMIXR:Thepicturehowflowinadevicedeignedtoenhancethemixingoftwofluidina
lamellaflow.Preurecontourarehownonthewallofthemixer,andthevelocitmagnitudei
hownattheinletandoutletofthemixerawellaatthepointwherethetwoetofchannel
(carringdifferentfluid)converge.treamline(inred)arealoplotted.Theinethowthe
concentrationofadiffuingpeciepreentinonloneofthefluid.Itiplottedalongverticalline
locatedprogreivelfurtherdownthecenterofthemixer.
LCTROWTTINGLN:Thefigureaovehowanadjutalefoculiquidlen,whoeradiuof
curvaturecaneadjuteduingtheelectrowettingeffect.Thecolorhowthefluidvelocit
magnitudeinalower,oilfilledpartofthelen,whilethearrowplothowthevelocitintheliquid
aovetheoillen.
PLITANDRCOMINMIXRNCHMARK:Thiexamplemodelaplitandrecominemixer
channelinwhichatracerfluidiintroducedandmixedmultilamination.Diffuioniremovedfrom
themodeluinganextremellowdiffuioncoefficientothatannumericaldiffuioncanetudied

inthelaminationinterface.Thereultcomparewellwiththereferencedpulicationinoththe
laminationpatternandtotalpreuredropacrothemixer.
TWOPHAFLOW:Whenmultiplephaearepreent,urfacetenioneffectecomeimportant
relativetogravitandinertiaatmalllengthcale.TheLaplacepreure(thepreurejumpacroa
twophaeoundar),capillarforce,andMarangoniforceallcalea1/Length.Thefigureelow
howthereakupofoildroplettoproduceanemulionatheoilflowintoachannelcarringa
econdfluid.Velocittreamlinearehownandthefluidvelocitiplottedonthemmetrplane.
Thetwophaeoundarihowningreen.
COMOLDKTOP:Acompletemodelingprojectfromtarttofinihcaneaccomplihedwithinthe
COMOLDektop.Theviualizationhowatimedependentinglephaeflowtudofa
microchannelthatiuedtoinfueandfluhanotherpieceofequipmentwithafluid.
LCTROOMOTICMIXR:Thiparticularmicromixertakeadvantageofelectroomoitomix
fluid.Atimedependentelectricfieldiapplied,andthereultingelectroomoiperturtheflow.A
treamlineviualizationhowextenivefoldingandtretchingoftheflowfield.
COMOLgeneralpurpoemultiphicfeatureareuniqueluitedforhandlingtheman
microcaleeffectthatareutilizedinmicrofluidicdevice.Itieatoetupcoupled
electrokineticandmagnetodnamicimulationincludingelectrophorei,magnetophorei,
dielectrophorei,electroomoi,andelectrowetting.Inaddition,chemicaldiffuionand
reactionfordilutepeciefunctionalitincludedinthemoduleenaleoutoimulate
proceeoccurringinlaonachipdevice.Forimulatingrarefiedgaflow,oucanuethe
pecializedoundarconditionthatactivateflowimulationinthelipflowregime.The
MicrofluidicModulealoprovidededicatedmethodforimulationoftwophaeflowwith
thelevelet,phaefield,andmovingmehmethod.Foreachofthee,thecapailitieofthe
MicrofluidicModuleincludeurfacetenionforce,capillarforce,andMarangonieffect.
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Work owforModelingMicro uidicDevice

Tomodelamicrofluidicdevice,ouegindefiningthegeometrintheoftwareimporting
aCADfileorviathegeometrmodelingtoolthatareuiltintoCOMOLMultiphic.For
importinggeometrmodel,everalchoiceareavailaletoou:theCADImportModule,for
importofmechanicalCADmodel;theCADImportModuleforimportofelectroniclaout;
andtheLiveLinkproductforCADforadirectlinktomodelcreatedinadedicatedCAD
oftwarepackage.Inthenexttep,ouelectappropriatefluidpropertieandchooeauitale
phicinterface.Initialconditionandoundarconditionareetupwithintheinterface.
Next,oudefinethemeh.Inmancae,COMOLautomaticallcreateddefaultmeh,which
iproducedfromphicdependentdefault,willeappropriatefortheprolem.Aolveri
elected,againwithdefaultappropriatefortherelevantphic,andtheprolemiolved.

Finall,oucanviualizethereult.YouaccealloftheetepfromtheCOMOLDektop.
TheMicrofluidicModulecanolvefortationarandtimedependentflowin2Dand3D,and
canecoupledwithanotheraddonproductforfurtherextenionofthemodeling
capailitie.Oneuchexampleifortrackingparticlereleaedintheflowtream,whichi
madepoilecominingwiththeParticleTracingModule.
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inglePhaeFlow
TheFluidFlowinterfaceuephicalquantitie,uchapreureandflowrate,andphical
propertie,likevicoitanddenit,todefineafluidflowprolem.Thephicinterfacefor
laminarflowcoverincompreileandweaklcompreileflow.ThiFluidFlowinterface
aloallowforimulationofnonNewtonianfluidflow.Aphicinterfaceforcreepingflowi
uedwhentheRenoldnumeriignificantllethan1.Thiioftenreferredtoatoke
flowandiappropriateforuewhenvicouflowidominant.Itiuuallapplicaleto
microfluidicdevice.
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TwoPhaeFlow
Threedifferentmethodareavailalefortwophaeflow:levelet,phaefield,andmoving
mehmethod.Theeareuedtomodeltwofluideparatedafluidinterfaceandwherethe
movinginterfaceitrackedindetail,includingurfacecurvatureandurfacetenionforce.The
leveletandphaefieldmethodueafixedackgroundmehandolveadditionalequation
totracktheinterfacelocation.Themovingmehmethodolvetheflowequationonamoving
mehwithoundarconditiontorepreentthefluidinterface.Inthicae,additionalequation
areolvedforthemehdeformationmeanofthearitrarLagrangianulerian(AL)
method.Alloftheemethodandtheirphicinterfaceupportothcompreileand
incompreilelaminarflow,whereoneorothfluidcanenonNewtonian.
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Rare edFlow
Rarefiedgaflowoccurwhenthemeanfreepathofthemoleculeecomecomparalewith
thelengthcaleoftheflow.TheKnudennumer,Kn,characterizetheimportanceof
rarefactioneffectontheflow.Athegaecomerarefied(correpondingtoincreaing
Knudennumer),theKnudenlaer,whichipreentwithinonemeanfreepathofthewall,
egintohaveaignificanteffectontheflow.ForKnudennumerelow0.01,rarefaction
caneneglectedandthelaminarflowphicinterfaceoftheMicrofluidicModulecane

uedwithnonlipoundarcondition.Forlightlrarefiedgae(0.01<Kn<0.1),theKnuden
laercanemodeledappropriateoundarconditionatthewalltogetherwiththe
continuumNaviertokeequationinthedomain.Inthiintance,apeciallipFlowphic
interfaceiavailaleintheMicrofluidicModule.TomodelhigherKnudennumer,the
MolecularFlowModuleirequired.

PorouMediaFlow
Flowthroughporoumediacanalooccuronmicrocalegeometrie.Theflowioftenfriction
dominatedwhentheporeizeiinthemicronrangeandDarclawcaneued.The
MicrofluidicModulefeatureadedicatedphicinterfaceforporoumediaflowaedon
Darc'law.Inthicae,heartreeperpendiculartotheflowareneglected.For
intermediateflow,aphicinterfacefortherinkmanequationiavailale.Thiphic
interfacemodelflowthroughaporoumediumwhereheartreecannoteneglected.oth
thetokerinkmanformulation,uitaleforverlowflowvelocitie,andForchheimerdrag,
whichiuedtoaccountforeffectathighervelocitie,areupported.Thefluidcaneeither
incompreileorcompreile,providedthattheMachnumerilethan0.3.
Apecialphicinterfaceforfreeandporoumediamodel,othporoumediauingthe
rinkmanequationandlaminarflow,automaticallprovidingthecouplingetweenthetwo.
Theeinterfaceareappropriateformicrofluidicporoumediaflow.xampleapplication
includepapermicrofluidicandtranportiniologicaltiue.

lectrohdrodnamic ect
Atthemicrocale,arangeofelectrohdrodnamiceffectcaneexploitedtoinfluencethefluid
flow.TheMicrofluidicModuleianexcellenttoolformodelingvirtuallanucheffect.The
electricfieldtrengthforagivenappliedvoltagecaleeneficiall,makingiteaiertoappl
relativellargefieldtothefluidwithmoderatevoltage.Inelectroomoi,theuncompenated
ioninthechargedelectricdoulelaer(DL)preentonthefluidurfacearemovedan
electricfield,cauinganetfluidflow.TheMicrofluidicModuleprovideapecialized
electroomoticvelocitoundarconditionaoneofeveralfluidwalloundarcondition.
lectrophoreticanddielectrophoreticforceonchargedorpolarizedparticleinthefluidcane
uedtoinduceparticlemotion,acandiamagneticforceinthecaeofmagnetophorei.The
ParticleTracingModuleprovidereadtoueelectrophoreticanddielectrophoreticparticle
force.CominingtheMicrofluidicModulewiththeAC/DCModuleenaleoutomodelAC
dielectrophorei.

Themanipulationofcontactangletheelectrowettingphenomenaialoeainmicrocale
device.lectrowettingiaphenomenonthathaeenexploitedaaaiforvariounew
diplatechnologie.TheMicrofluidicModuleallowfordirectmanipulationofthecontact
anglewithuerdefinedexpreionincludingvoltageparameter.
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MaTranport
TheMicrofluidicModuleprovideadedicatedphicinterfacefortranportofdilutedpecie.
Itiuedtoimulatechemicalpecietranportthroughdiffuion,convection(whencoupledto
fluidflow),andmigrationinelectricfieldformixturewhereonecomponentaolventi
preentinexce(90mol%orgreater).Ititpicallemploedtomodeltheperformanceof
mixer.Formodelingchemicalreactioninmicrofluidicdevice,oucancominethe
MicrofluidicModulewiththeChemicalReactionngineeringModule,whichalomake
availaletranportofconcentratedpeciewithinardiffuion.

FlexileandRoutMicro uidicimula onPla orm

ForeachoftheMicrofluidicinterface,theunderlingphicalprincipleareexpreedinthe
formofpartialdifferentialequation,togetherwithcorrepondinginitialandoundar
condition.COMOLdeignemphaizethephicprovidingouwiththeequation
olvedeachfeatureandofferingoufullaccetotheunderlingequationtem.Therei
alotremendouflexiilittoadduerdefinedequationandexpreiontothetem.For
example,tomodelthetranportofapeciethatignificantlaffectthevicoitofthefluid,
impltpeinconcentrationdependentvicoitnocriptingorcodingirequired.When
COMOLcompiletheequation,thecomplexcouplinggeneratedtheeuerdefined
expreionareautomaticallincludedintheequationtem.Theequationarethenolved
uingthefiniteelementmethodandarangeofindutrialtrengtholver.Onceaolutioni
otained,avatrangeofpotproceingtoolareavailaletointerrogatethedata,and
predefinedplotareautomaticallgeneratedtohowthedevicerepone.COMOLofferthe
flexiilittoevaluateawiderangeofphicalquantitie,includingpredefinedquantitieucha
thepreure,velocit,hearrate,orthevorticit(availalethrougheatouemenu),and
aritraruerdefinedexpreion

InterfacingwithxcelandMATLA
YoucancominetheMicrofluidicModulewithMicrooftxcelviaLiveLinkforxcel.Thi
LiveLinkproductaddaCOMOLtaandpecializedtoolartothexcelrionfor
controllingtheparameter,variale,andmeh,orforrunningaimulation.Italoincludethe

capailittoimportandexportxcelfileforparameterandvarialelitintheCOMOL
Dektop.

IfouwihtodriveCOMOLimulationmeanofcriptprogramming,oucanue

MATLAandCOMOLtogetherthroughtheinterfaceprovidedtheLiveLinkforMATLA.
WiththiLiveLink,oucanacceallthefunctionalitoftheCOMOLDektopfroma
wealthofMATLAcommand.ThiprovideaprogrammaticalternativetouingtheCOMOL
Dektopformicrofluidicimulation.