I THANK MR C.

P PANDEY SIR FOR GIVING ME THIS OPPORTUNITY

TO MAKE THIS PROJECT ON CARDIAC CELL TO CELL
COMMUNICATION.

SUBMITTED BY : TANMAY SARDANA

ROLL NO : DTU/2K13/EP/074

THESE ARE THE VARIOUS DISCOVERIES IN THE RESEARCH OF CELL TO CELL

COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE TIME.

STRUCRURE OF GAP JUNCTION CHANNELS

WHATs UNDERSTOOD SO FAR

MY INTERPRETATION
Communication is done via a structure we all contain called dendrites. Dendrites
are stimulated by neurotransmitters (chemicals) that pass through synapses (spaces
between us) to connect to the other dendrites. THEY are protected by a coat called a
myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells, and glial cells that
protects, provides support, insulation to allow efficient conductivity and nutrition to
survive.
How do we actually communicate with each other?
During stimulation the sodium gates on the membrane open causing it to
become partially polarized as the sodium ions enter me.
When the sodium gates close potassium channels open allowing potassium ions
inside me to escape. This causes the outside to become positive again going back to its
original polarity. This process is similar to the movement of a wave.

 The scientific term is known as action potential. Action potential can easily be
described as the depolarization and polarization of the Neuron. This action potential is
sent down the axon as an electrical charge towards the axon terminals. Once the
charge reaches the terminals it stimulates the vesicle sacs getting them ready to pop.
By popping they release the neurotransmitters into the synapse where it floats
over to stimulate the dendrites on the neighbour i.e. neuron .
When the auto-receptor on the axon terminal is stimulated it indicates that
released enough neurotransmitters and this signals for the process to stop. There is an
option to take back up the remaining neurotransmitter into vesicle sacs of the axon
terminal to release them again.

SUMMARY
Neurons communicate through an electrochemical process. Sensory receptors interact with
stimuli such as light, sound, temperature, and pain which is transformed into a code that is
carried to the brain by a chain of neurons. Then systems of neurons in the brain interpret this
information. The information is carried along axons and dendrites because of changes in
electrical properties which we call action potential. An action potential is initiated when a
messenger attaches itself to a receptor. When that occurs, an electrical signal is triggered to
be generated through the neuron. Once the signal reaches the end of an axon, which is at the
end of a neuron, a neurotransmitter is released and the process repeats.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/humanbrain/brain1.htm
https://latishalawrence.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/communication-withinthe-cells-of-ms-mousey/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924113458.htm
OXFORD JOURNALS :
http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/content/102/2/281

YOUTUBE :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPxyyWnC8eQ