Curtin University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

MCEN3002
Applied Fluid Mechanics
Semester 2 2015
Tutorial: Practice Problems 1 Solution

Problem 1

Solution

The flow is steady, incompressible and two-dimensional. The velocity field is given by:
~u = (u, v) = (1 + 2.5x + y)i + (0.5 1.5x 2.5y)j

u = 1 + 2.5x + y
v = 0.5 1.5x 2.5y

w=0
xcomponent of the material acceleration:
u
u
u
u
+u
+v
+w
t
x
y
z
ax = 0 + (1 + 2.5x + y)(2.5) + (0.5 1.5x 2.5y)(1) + (0)(0)
ax =

ax = 2.5 + 6.25x + 2.5y 0.5 1.5x 2.5y

ax = 2 + 4.75x

ycomponent of the material acceleration:

v
v
v
v
+u
+v
+w
t
x
y
z
ay = 0 + (1 + 2.5x + y)(1.5) + (0.5 1.5x 2.5y)(2.5) + (0)(0)

ay = 1.5 3.75x 1.5y + 1.25 + 3.75x + 6.25y

ay =

ay = 0.25 + 4.75y

at the point (x = 2 m, y = 3 m): ax = 11.5 m/s2 and ay = 14 m/s2

Problem 2

Solution

The steady two-dimensional velocity field is given as:

m
m
ur =
and u = 0 with
= 1 m2 /s
2r
2
flow speed:
q
V = u2r + u2
r
m 2
V =
+0
2r
m
V =
2r
m
r=
2V
m
rV =
2V
1

 The lines of constant flow speed are circles of constant radius rV and the flow slows down as it moves away
from the source.
V (m/s)
rV (m)

0.5
2

1
1

1.5
0.66

2
0.5

2.5
0.4

y (m)

V
V
V
V
V

0
1

= 0.5 m/s
= 1.0 m/s
= 1.5 m/s
= 2.0 m/s
= 2.5 m/s

2
2

Problem 3

0
x (m)

Solution

The oil rotates due to the motion of the rim of radius rrim = 0.35 m at a 2.6 m/s speed.
zcomponent of the vorticity:
z = 2 z
linear speed
z = 2
rrim
2.6
z = 2
0.35
z = 14.86 rad/s

Problem 4

Solution
~u = (3 + 2x y)i + (2x 2y)j + 0.5xy k

u = 3 + 2x y
v = 2x 2y

w = 0.5xy

Vorticity vector:







w v
u w
v
u
i+
j+

k
y
z
z
x
x y
= ((0.5x) (0)) i + ((0) (0.5y)) j + ((2) (1)) k
=

= (0.5x)i (0.5y)j + (3)k

Problem 5

Solution

The flow is steady, two-dimensional, incompressible and has the stream function given as:
= ax2 + bxy + cy 2
(a) Velocity components:

u =
y

v =
x

(
u = bx + 2cy
v = 2ax by

(b) Continuity Equation:

u v
+
= (b) + (b) = 0
x y
The flow satisfies the incompressible continuity equation.
Problem 6

Solution

The flow is steady, two-dimensional, incompressible. The velocity field given by:
~u = (u, v) = (ax + b)i + (ay + cx)j
(
u = ax + b

v = ay + cx
Vorticity:
= z
v
u
=

x y
= (c) 0
=c

6= 0

The flow is rotational.

Problem 7 Solution
The flow is steady, two-dimensional, incompressible irrotational and has the velocity potential given as:
= 5(x2 y 2 ) + 2x 4y
(a) Velocity components:

u =
x

v =
y

(
u = 10x + 2
v = 10y 4

(b) Vorticity:
= z
v
u
=

x y
= (0) (0)

=0
3

 The flow is irrotational.

(c) Stream Function:

u =
y

v =
x

= 10x + 2
y

= 10y + 4
x

(
= 10xy + 2y + f (x)

= 10xy + 4x + g(y)

with f (x) = 4x + constant and g(y) = 2y + constant

Problem 8

= 10xy + 4x + 2y + constant

Solution

The two-dimensional flow has the velocity field given by:

~u = Ax sin (2t)i Ay sin (2t)j
with A = 2 /s and = 1 /s.
(
u = Ax sin (2t)

v = Ay sin (2t)
The total acceleration is the sum of the local and convective accelerations:
~a =

D~u
~u
~u
~u
=
+u
+v
Dt
t
x
y

Local acceleration:

2 Ax cos (2t)

t
~u

= =
t
v
2 Ay cos (2t)
t
Convective acceleration:
u
u

u
+v
(Ax sin (2t))(A sin (2t)) + (Ay sin (2t))(0)
x
y
~u
~u

+v
=
u
=
x
y
v

v
(Ax sin (2t))(0) + (Ay sin (2t))(A sin (2t))
u
+v
x
y
2

A x sin (2t)2

=
A2 y sin (2t)2

Total acceleration:

~a =

2 Ax cos (2t) + A2 x sin (2t)2

D~u

=
Dt
2
2
2 Ay cos (2t) + A y sin (2t)

At point (1, 1) and t = 0 s:

local acceleration:

12.57 m/s2

~u
=

=
t
2
4
12.57 m/s
4


0
~u
~u
convective acceleration: u
+v
=
x
y
0

12.57 m/s2

total acceleration: ~a =
2
12.57 m/s
At point (1, 1) and t = 0.5 s:

4
12.57 m/s2
~u
=

local acceleration:
=
t
2
4
12.57 m/s

0
~u
~u
convective acceleration: u
+v
=
x
y
0

12.57 m/s2

total acceleration: ~a =
2
12.57 m/s
At point (1, 1) and t = 1 s:

4
12.57 m/s2
~u
=

=
local acceleration:
t
2
4
12.57 m/s

0
~u
~u
convective acceleration: u
+v
=
x
y
0

12.57 m/s2

total acceleration: ~a =
2
12.57 m/s
Pressure gradient:
~a = g p
If gravity is neglected:

2 Ax cos (2t) + A2 x sin (2t)2

x

p = = ~a =
p
2
2
2 Ay cos (2t) + A y sin (2t)
y

25.13 Pa/m

At point (1, 1) and t = 0 s: p =

25.13 Pa/m

25.13 Pa/m

At point (1, 1) and t = 0.5 s: p =

25.13 Pa/m
5

25.13 Pa/m

At point (1, 1) and t = 1 s: p =

25.13 Pa/m
Problem 9

Solution

The plane vortex sink has the velocity field given by:

ur

2r

~u = =

K
u
2r
with q = 2 m3 /s/m, and K = 1 m3 /s/m, and with = 1000 kg/m3 .
(a) Acceleration:
The flow is two-dimensional and steady. The acceleration in the cylindrical coordinate system is:

u2
ur
u ur
ur

ar
t + ur r + r r

=
~a =

u
u
u
u
u
a
r

+ ur
+

t


 r   r   r 
q
K2
q
K
(0)
+
(0) + 2r
2r2
2r2
4 2 r3

=


 




q
K
K
qK
(0) +

+
(0)
2
2
2r
2r
2r
4 2 r3

2
q + K2

4 2 r3

2qK
4 2 r3
4 + 1

0.127 m/s2
4 2
=

At point (1, 0): ~a =

2
4
0.101 m/s
4 2
4 + 1

0.127 m/s2
4 2
=

At point (1, /2): ~a =

2
4
0.101 m/s
4 2
4 + 1

0.016 m/s2
32 2
=

At point (2, 0): ~a =

2
4
0.013 m/s
32 2
(b) Pressure Gradient:
~a = g p
6

If gravity is neglected:

p
q + K2
r
4 2 r3

p =
= ~a =

1 p
2qK
r
4 2 r3

127 Pa/m

At point (1, 0): p =

101 Pa/m

127 Pa/m

At point (1, /2): p =

101 Pa/m

16 Pa/m

At point (2, 0): p =

13 Pa/m