IMPLEMENTING COMPUTER SCIENCE AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

Primary
Hossain, M. S. Hasan, M. & Clement, C. K. (2012). Barriers to the introduction of ICT into
Education in Developing Countries: The Example of Bangladesh. Vol. 5, No. 2.
This study aides distinguish the elements that impact educators' choices whether to actualize ICT in
instructing learning circumstances. It state that electronic business, critical piece of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT), is a standout amongst the most well-known business terms being
used in 21st century. It also argues that created nations are more famous due to their quick development
of ICT, e-trade and online transaction. Be that as it may in creating or under create nations the situation
is distinctive. Specialized slacking, lack of foundation, attainability of the current structures and
individuals aloofness are the principle purposes for this Further, this paper offers various suggestions to
diminish these hindrances and augment the advantageous utilization of ICT on training. In this paper it
is clarified that there are a few option methods for e-business and online transaction. In this paper, a
model of electronic installment framework for M-Commerce has been proposed and examined the
security for the framework. The paper additionally touches on the conditions and criteria that must be
met keeping in mind the end goal to make a M-Commerce transaction worthy under Islamic viewpoint.
Mndzebele , N. (2013), Teachers Readiness in Using ICT in the Classroom: The Case of a
Developing Country , International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 3,
No. 4.
This study discoursed that teachers are the major users of technology in classroom and experience has
shown that the earlier audio visual technology was not adequately used or underutilized. This study
considered some factors that affects teacher's readiness for online instruction; hierarchical help, social
stress, excitement, time imperative, fixation, convenience, certainty, insufficient ICT foundation, and
lacking expertise. The findings of the study revealed that that the factors which have significant
contribution are manpower skills, confidence, perceived ease of use, time constraint, obsession,

perceived usefulness and enthusiasm while those factors with no significant contribution are inadequate
infrastructure, classroom culture, and social pressure. Systematic sampling was done on the schools in
terms of region, location (urban/rural) and type of school (government, mission/church or community).
A qualitative research design was also used to collect data through interviews in all teacher education
institutions in the country. The study revealed that the Ministry of education has to build an education
and training system that will support the teaching ICT as a subject and ICT integration in teaching and
learning.
Kafai, B. and Sutton, S. (1999), Elementary School Students, Computer and Internet use at
home: current trends and issues, Journal of Educational and Computing Research, Vol. 21(3)
345-362.
This critical report gives development insights about kids' instructive home machine utilization. From
the recommendations of folks, it is clear that expanded use as well as expanded mix of machine
learning exercises are required. Led examination and its angles are convincing intelligent and also
conceptional issues to consider that are anticipated on the amount disposable time educators have amid
the school day. Right now, instructors and directors work as go-betweens and translators of
understudies works and achievements. It unmistakably expresses that the decently tuned deliberations
of numerous constituents are obliged to make instructive figuring at home and at school. Machines
alone as frequently has been discovered , don't change learning society and exercises. The learning
practices of understudies and educators and folks need to experience critical changes for that to get it
going.
Odera, F. Y. (2011), Computer Education Policy and its Implementation in Kenyan Secondary
Schools, International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, Vol. 1,
No. 5.
The examination discoveries showed in this study that the Ministry of Education approach on the
utilization of machines was being actualized by open optional schools since the Ministry of Education

arrangement consequently turns into the school strategy in Kenya. The vast majority of the Principals
76% had an arrangement for the utilization of machines in showing and adapting yet 24% were
currently detailing machine instruction approach. The study recommended that all educators,
understudies and the school group ought to be educated about the arrangement and the imperativeness
of its execution. The discoveries of this study uncovered that the legislature has an essential part to play
in any new educational module development. In this manner, the Kenya Government created a machine
arrangement for the utilization of machines in broad daylight auxiliary schools, and the Ministry of
Education followed up on the strategy by verifying that open optional schools actualized the machine
approach. Thusly, this study created that the current government approach towards the advancement of
machine training was completely viable.
Harrison, D. Hennessy, S. (2005). Teacher Factors Influencing Classroom Use of ICT in SubSaharan Africa, Itupale Online Journal of African Studies, 2 (2010) 39- 54.
This paper incorporated the examination writing on instructors utilization of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in essential and optional schools in sub-Saharan Africa, with a
specific stress on enhancing the nature of subject showing and learning. This paper recognized a
requirement for educators and instructor teachers to coordinate ICT into subject showing and learning
utilizing contemporary pedagogical methodologies. Conceivably educators will be helped to work
synergistically about whether with associates, and to gain from one anothers advancements and
encounters. It depicted crucial difficulties to be overcome before ICT limit building can turn into a
reality in African training. Exploration demonstrated that, up to this point, preparing open doors have
stayed constrained in accessibility and conflicting in quality. This has brought about evidently low
capability in utilizing ICT, and a general absence of information about innovation in showing and
learning. It presumed that requests of ICT must be considered by instructors and arrangement making
powers on the grounds that it is the best way to advancement both conservative and instructive circle.

Robert, T. at el. (2012), Effective Programs for Elementary Science: A Best-Evidence Synthesis,
National Science Foundation (No. DRL- 1019306).
This article exhibits an orderly audit of examination on the accomplishment results of various sorts of
methodologies to showing science in Elementary schools. Among studies assessing inquiry-based
methodologies of teaching, programs that utilized science packs did not indicate positive conclusions
on science accomplishment measures, however request based projects that stressed proficient
advancement yet not units did show positive results. Technical methodologies incorporating feature and
computer assets with showing and agreeable learning indicated guarantee. The audit infers that science
showing strategies concentrated on upgrading instructors' classroom direction as the year progressed,
for example, helpful learning and science-perusing reconciliation, and additionally approaches that give
teachers engineering devices to upgrade guideline, can possibly enhance science learning.
Asan, A. (2003), Computer Technology Awareness by Elementary School Teachers: A Case Study
from Turkey, Journal of Information Technology Education.
In this study, instructors' points of view, their mindfulness level of particular advances and the parts this
innovation plays in instruction are looked into. Specialized issues that hindered the utilization of
computers in their schools are additionally distinguished. The findings of conducted surveys uncovered
the fact that numerous teachers were not computer users. A few instructors fail to offer a practical
computer writing proficiency establishment whereupon to construct new innovation and abilities.
Examination of instructor's information of computer abilities uncovered low levels of specialized
learning, and additionally some intriguing view of the part of some computer relating things. For a
large portion of them, the utilization of computer and related technology was not a piece of their
routine life so how might they be able to show and development cutting edge as per advancement of
current world? Information proposed that the primary teachers in Turkey need to be progressively
urged to investigate the developing advances for instructing. Conclusions and recommendations of this
investigation could be utilized to conquer the defects and challenges show in understanding strategy for

teachers and in advancement of understudies.

Franan, V. (2013). Elementary school teachers and teaching with technology. TOJET, 85-90.
This study attempted to recognize the relationship between primary teachers engagement in
communication technology. To improve comes about very nearly one hundred Elementary school
understudies were asked to round out the polls identified with their advantage, demeanor and use about
innovation. Results have pronounced that the learning and use of instructors in regards to
communication technology is at low level which needs change and better preparing at prompt premise.
Demeanor of instructors towards engineering depicts their engagement with learning methodology and
towards their low certainty level in regards to instructing aptitudes. This study concluded in its findings
that teachers need to coordinate innovation in their showing practices notwithstanding have
inspirational state of mind towards engineering. Instructors need to center at their association with
engineering and investigate new useful courses for better understanding at both ends. Besides
information gathering technique for feedback additionally need to improve proposals and positive
results.
Secondary
Moursund, D. (2012) Using Brain/Mind Science and Computers to Improve Elementary School
Math Education, Information Age Education retrieved from http://iae-pedia.org
As per writer of this book, Computers are utilized to envelop the whole field of Information and
Communication Technology. The Internet is an essential segment of communication innovation.
Adding computers, handheld amusement and media gadgets, still and feature advanced cams, phones,
PCs, computers, and supercomputers are all piece of communication engineering. As indicated by this
study there are a few ways that can be received to learn math in primary school through learning
methods and abilities of computer engineering. He recommended that computer studies can be a piece
of the order of science and substance in the math educational program as a support to educating,
learning, and evaluation in math instruction.

BCS, Microsoft, Google and Intellect, (2012), Computer Science: A Curriculum for Schools,
Computing at School Working Group, retrieved from http://www.computingatschool.org.uk.
The reason for this record is to portray and clarify the substance of Computer Science inside the school
educational program. This report recognizes persevering standards as opposed to current hotly debated
issues, so there is little say of cell telephones, the cloud, or interpersonal interaction. Points, for
example, these are vital, and are prone to assume a noteworthy part in representing the application of
underlying standards, helping the viable conveyance of Computer Science lessons, however they will
change from year to year thus are not the premise for a continuing educational program. The reason for
this educational module is to eloquent what the Computer Science order is, instead of how it ought to
be taught. This article stresses on the constituents of primary school learning of understudies so they
could show signs of improvement conclusion from this project of computer science learning at basic
school level. The thought is to concentrate on portraying the significance of what the student is figuring
out how to the following phase of advancement so there is progressing urge to make headway not to
stop at a counterfeit point.
Johnson, P. (2014), France to offer programming in elementary school, ITworld
This article examines that French government is going to begin programming courses to grade school
understudies beginning this fall. The courses, which will be nonobligatory and offered amid
extracurricular time, will show understudies programming fundamentals and how to make
straightforward applications. Writing computer programs be offered at the auxiliary school level to
build the mastery of understudy at ahead of schedule level. This practice will expand the learned level
of Elementary school French understudies. The objective is to give French understudies the keys to
flourish in a joined world and to support them go into specialized jobs. Government is additionally
attempting endeavors to make computer programming piece of the central subject to profit all the
understudies at right on time stage at equivalent premise. Notwithstanding, it appears that the day is
advancing when computer programming will get to be as standard a piece of the Elementary school.

Susan, M. (2012, December 30). Computer Science as a school subject, Computer world.
This paper reflects the thought of seizing the opportunity by making computer science as an obligatory
subject for school educational program. Besides this study portrays the essentialness of computer
sciences by clarifying its profits both in studies and job profession. It depicts computer sciences as
straightforwardly addresses the issue that ICT has progressively turned into a low-status, lowaccomplishment subject. It proposed recommendations for the both government and schools to run the
training by progressive engineering and strategies. It clarifies all the conceivable inquiries in regards to
the field of computer sciences which manages its extension and its usage in educational program. It
additionally gives smaller outline of different schools which launched computer sciences as an
obligatory subject and the results they got in understudies prepping. Also it likewise examined their
execution matters which incorporates their monetary matters and obstacles they confronted while
actualizing the new educational program in their school including machine studies.