EXTRACTION

Lorenzo Inigo D. Jimenez, Karen Grace P. Julao, Kyle Dillan T. Lansang, Dixee Allison O. Liao,
Bea Patrice G. Liscano, John Wilfred T. Malabanan
Group 5

2C Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Laboratory

ABSTRACT
Caffeine was extracted from dried tea leaves through the single extraction technique. A 10g tea bag was
boiled in a solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate and distilled water, and then was placed in a
separatory funnel with 60mL of dichloromethane. The extract was drained into a beaker then transferred
to evaporating dish containing half spatula of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After that, it was covered by a
perforated filter paper so that everything in the mixture except caffeine could evaporate as well. The
percent yield was computed by getting the ratio of the weight of the caffeine and weight of the tea leaves
used. The percentage yield was 5%.

INTRODUCTION
Extraction is the technique used to
separate an organic compound from a mixture of
compounds. The theory of extraction lies in the
concept of immiscibility between two phases to
separate a solute from the other phase. There
are two main types of extraction in
chemistry
namely: Solid-Liquid extraction and Liquid-Liquid
Extraction which is further divided into two types
(single and multiple.) Liquid-liquid technique is a
very common method in Organic Chemistry.
The type of extraction used by the group
in this experiment was single liquid-liquid
extraction. In this experiment, the group should
be able to attain the following objectives: (1)
extract caffeine from dried tea
leaves
(2)
know the amount of caffeine present in 10
g of tea leaves, (3) compare single and multiple
extractions, and (4) calculate the percentage
yield for both extraction procedures.

EXPERIMENTAL
A. Compounds Tested (samples used)
The brand name of the tea sample used was My
Marvel Taheebo. Ten grams or 4 tea bags of 2.5gram packs are used for the extraction
experiment.
B. Procedures
1. Boiling of Tea Leaves
A solution of 4.4 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate and 100ml distilled water placed in a

250 mL beaker was heated via water bath until

the solid dissolved. Ten grams of tea leaves
contained in tea bags were added in the mixture
and boiled for 10 minutes on low flame, the
beaker being covered by a watch glass. The
teabag was then removed and the liquid was
squeezed by pressing it against the sides of the
beaker using a glass rod.

2. Single Extraction
The aqueous solution was extracted with
60 Ml of dichloromethane in a separatory funnel.
It was left to stand for 2 minutes (or more) until
the separation between two layers was clearly
visible. The organic layer was drained into a
clean beaker and the aqueous layer was
discarded.

Figure 1. Simple Extraction Set-up

means that for every 10 grams of tea leaves, an

amount of 2.5 grams can be collected using the
technique of simple extraction method.

3. Obtainment of Weight of Caffeine

Collected
The weight of the evaporating dish containing
the collected caffeine was obtained using a
weighing balance. The weight of the residue was
obtained by subtracting the weight of the empty
evaporating dish to the weight of the evaporating
dish containing the collected caffeine.
4. Calculation of Percentage Yield
The percentage yield was calculated by getting
the ratio of the weight of caffeine (residue) and
weight of tea leaves used then multiplying it by
100%.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Caffeine was extracted from the dried tea
leaves through simple extraction method.
Dichloromethane was added to the tea mixture
once. The two solutions were mixed through
maneuver done on the separatory funnel.
Consequently, two layers of different colors were
produced.
As shown in Figure 1, the layers were
identified as the aqueous layer (upper layer) and
the organic layer (lower layer). The aqueous
layer was brown in color, which is the tea while
the organic layer was clear, which is the
dichloromethane. It shows that dichloromethane
phase is denser than aqueous solution. The
tannins from the aqueous solution did not mix
with dichloromethane due to the addition of
anhydrous sodium carbonate which precipitates
the tannins into salts and make it more soluble in
water.
The
dichloromethane
phase
had
undergone the process of evaporation wherein
the addition of anhydrous sodium sulfate is
applied.
After subjecting the tea mixture to the
entire process of extraction, decantation and
evaporation, crude caffeine was collected from 10
grams of tea leaves. A percentage yield of 25%
was computed after getting the ratio of the
weight of caffeine (residue) and weight of tea
leaves used then multiplying it by 100%. This

DATA OBTAINED
Weight of Tea Leaves
Used

10 g

Weight
of
Empty
Evaporating
Dish
+
Weight of Caffeine

118.5 g

Weight
of
Empty
Evaporating Dish

116 g

Weight
of
(residue)

2.5 g

Caffeine

Percentage Recovery

TABLE 1.0 Data Obtained

COMPUTATIONS:

Weight of residue
x 100
Weight of tealeaves

2. 5 grams
x 100
10 grams

Percent yield = 25 %

REFERENCES

25%

1. Bathan, G. I., Bayquen, A. V., Crisostomo, A.

B. C., Cruz, C. T., de Guia, R. M., Farrow, F. L.,
Pena, G. T., Sarile, A. S., Torres, P. C. (2014).
Laboratory Manual in Organic Chemistry (Revised
Edition). Quezon City, Philippines: C&E Publishing
Inc.
2.
http://www.chemicool.com/definition/extraction.
html

3.http://www.chem.ubc.ca/courseware/123/tutor
ials/exp10
4. Principles of Extraction and the Extraction of
Semivolatile Organics from Liquids
http://www.2.sci.u-szeged.hu/inorg/Sampleprep
fororganics.pdf