Introduction

A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices. It is one of the
basic shapes in geometry. A triangle with vertices A, B, and C is denoted
.In Euclidean
geometry any three points, when non-collinear, determine a unique triangle and a
unique plane (i.e. a two-dimensional Euclidean space).A triangle is a 3-sided polygon sometimes
(but not very commonly) called the trigon. Every triangle has three sides and three angles, some
of which may be the same. The sides of a triangle are given special names in the case of a right
triangle, with the side opposite the right angle being termed the hypotenuse and the other two
sides being known as the legs. All triangles are convex and bicentric. That portion of the plane
enclosed by the triangle is called the triangle interior, while the remainder is the exterior.

It is common to label the vertices of a triangle in counterclockwise order as

either , , (or , , ). The vertex angles are then given the same symbols as the vertices
themselves. The symbols , , (or , , ) are also sometimes used (e.g., Johnson 1929), but
this convention results in unnecessary confusion with the common notation for trilinear
coordinates
, and so is not recommended. The sides opposite the angles , , and
(or , , ) are then labeled , , (or , , ), with these symbols also indicating
the lengths of the sides (just as the symbols at the vertices indicate the vertices themselves as
well as the vertex angles, depending on context).

Aim
The aim of this project work is to apply concept of triangle in daily life.

Objectives
(i)Identify the triangle
(ii)Identify method used to calculate the area of triangle

(iii)Study and analysis the relation between area and length of triangle

Part 1 : (a)Discuss briefly about triangle.(Include picture)

all sides the same length

a regular polygon with all angles

measuring 60.

two sides of equal length

two angles of the same measure

the angles opposite to the two

sides of the same length

all sides different lengths

all angles are unequal

interior angles measuring 90

side opposite to the right angle is

the hypotenuse

other two sides are called

the legs or catheti
(singular: cathetus)

interior angle measuring more

than 90

If c is the length of the longest

side, then a2 + b2 < c2

a and b are the lengths of the

other side.

Equilateral triangle

Isosceles triangle

Scalene triangle

right triangle

obtuse triangle

acute triangle

measuring less than 90

If c is the length of the longest

side, then a2 + b2 > c2

a and b are the lengths of the

other sides

(b) Give example of its uses in daily life

Triangles are often used in quilting, a type of
textile arts.

Graphic design

A triangular rack used to line up the balls in

a game called pool or billiards.

game
building

building

This sculpture using 3-D triangles is on the

University of Toronto campus in Canada.

The triangle also used in building bridge.

Part 2 :Draw 5 equilateral triangle which has different length

1cm

2cm

3cm

5cm

6cm

(b) Show the area of equlateral triangle ,A=

a=

A=

3 2

(answer)

(c)Calculate the area by using at least 2 method

Method 1:Using formula

A=

3 2

Method 2: Trigonometry-based formula

A= sin
2

Method 3 : : Herons formula

A = ( )( )( ) , s = ( + + )
2

3 equilateral triangle

Method 1
A=

3 2

3
(1)2
4

=0.4330cm

Method 2
1
A = 2 sin

1
(1)(1) sin 60
2
=0.4330cm

Method 3
A=( )( )( ) ,
1
s= 2 ( + + )
1

S = 2 (1 + 1 + 1) = 2
3 3

A = 2 (2 1)(2 1)(2 1)
= 0.43302

1cm
3
(2)2
4

=1.7321cm

2cm
3
(3)2
4

=3.8971cm

1
(2)(2) sin 60
2
=1.7321cm

S = 2 (2 + 2 + 2)=3
A=
3(3 2)(3 2)(3 2)
= 1.73212

1
(3)(3) sin 60
2
=3.8971cm

S = 2 (3 + 3 + 3)= 2

9 9

= 3.89712

3cm

A = 2 (2 3)(2 3)(2 3)

Part 3: (a) Complete the table below using the measurement (x) in the range of 5
x 4225
No. Length
5
1
8
2
3
15
4
23
5
45
50
6
7
100
8
350
9
563
10
700
11
830
12
900
13
1000
14
1350
15
1500
16
1680
17
1800
18
2000
19
2030
20
2530
21
2950
22
3000
23
3200
3626
24
4225
25

x
25
64
225
529
2025
2500
10000
122500
316969
490000
688900
810000
1000000
1822500
2250000
2822400
3240000
4000000
4120900
6400900
8702500
9000000
10240000
13147876
17850625

Area (A)
10.82531755
27.71281292
97.42785793
229.0637193
876.8507213
1082.531755
4330.127019
53044.05598
137251.6031
212176.2239
298302.4503
350740.2885
433012.7019
789165.6492
974278.5793
1222135.05
1402961.154
1732050.808
1784402.043
2771671.004
3768293.038
3897114.317
4434050.067
5693197.311
7729547.362

(b)Plot graphs to show relations between

i)Area (A) against length (x)

Graph of Area(A) against length(x)

9000000
8000000
7000000

Area(A)

6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
-1000000

500

1000

1500 2000
Length(x)

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

ii)Area (A) against (x)

Graph of Area(A) against (x)

9000000
8000000

7000000

Area(A)

6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000

0
0

5000000
(x)

10000000

15000000

20000000

(c) Compare the two graphs obtained and make a conclusion

From the first graph (graph of area against length), the value of area increases at an increasing
rate when the length increases. From the second graph(graph of area against x), the value of the
area is directly proportional to the value of x.

From here, make a conclusion, the first graph is a quadratic graph, while the second graph is a
linear graph.

(d)From table, find the value of

conclusion.

Value of and 2 .

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Length
5
8
15
23
45
50
100
350
563
700
830
900
1000
1350
1500
1680
1800
2000
2030
2530
2950
3000
3200
3626
4225

and

.Discuss and compare the data obtained. Hence, make

Area (A)
10.82531755
27.71281292
97.42785793
229.0637193
876.8507213
1082.531755
4330.127019
53044.05598
137251.6031
212176.2239
298302.4503
350740.2885
433012.7019
789165.6492
974278.5793
1222135.05
1402961.154
1732050.808
1784402.043
2771671.004
3768293.038
3897114.317
4434050.067
5693197.311
7729547.362

25
64
225
529
2025
2500
10000
122500
316969
490000
688900
810000
1000000
1822500
2250000
2822400
3240000
4000000
4120900
6400900
8702500
9000000
10240000
13147876
17850625

2.165063509
3.464101615
6.495190528
9.959292144
19.48557159
21.65063509
43.30127019
151.5544457
243.7861512
303.1088913
359.4005426
389.7114317
433.0127019
584.5671476
649.5190528
727.4613392
779.4228634
866.0254038
879.0157848
1095.522136
1277.387471
1299.038106
1385.640646
1570.104057
1829.478665

2
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702
0.433012702

Discuss and compare the data and make conclusion

The value of

(gradient) increases as the value of length(x) increases.So,when x increases,

also increases. varies directly as x,

The value of

3
=4

. A quadratic graph is obtained from the graph.

(gradient) is constant against the x . So, a linear graph is obtained.

Further Exploration
(a)You wish to make a traditional blanket with assembling pieces of equilateral triangle. Count
the number of equilateral triangle needed to be joined or sewn so that it will become a big piece
of traditional blanket with certain dimension.
Answer:
I wish to make a traditional blanket with assembling pieces of equilateral triangles. I would like
to make a 102cm x 191cm traditional blanket.
The length of the equilateral triangle that I used is 5 cm.
The area of 1 equilateral triangle that I used : A =

3
(5)2
4

=10.8253cm
The number of equilateral triangle required :

102(191)
10.8253
=1799.6730
=1800 pieces

So, approximately 1800 pieces of equilateral triangle with length of 5cm needed to form a
traditional blanket of size 191cm x 102cm.

(b) Identify some of polygon shapes surrounding us.(Include picture)

The circle shape is used .

The rectangular shape is used .

The pyramid shape is used .

Reflection
From my findings, I have obtained a linear and a quadratic graph. The linear graph is
related with buying fruits from a stall. The price of fruit is usually in Ringgit Malaysia(RM) per
kilogram(kg) bought. Let x be the number of kilogram bought ; y be the price.
Example : buy a watermelon at RM2.50 per kg.
Cost = RM2.50 per kg. So, y = 2.5x. A graph is obtained.
On the other hand, the quadratic graph is related to a throwing ball. A ball is thrown
straight up, from 2m above the ground and with velocity of 14m/s. The air resistance in omitted.
The height from the ground is 2m (2)
The speed of the ball travel upwards is at 14m/s (14t)
When the ball falls, the gravity pulls it down, changing the speed by 5m/s. (5t)
The height(h) at any time is added up : h = 3 + 14t 5t
A ball hits the ground when the height is 0m. So, 3 + 14t 5t = 0
Therefore, a quadratic graph is obtained.
Moral values
The moral values that I obtained while completing my tasks is determination. Never give up
when facing difficulties. Besides, I also learned accountability. We have to be responsible
towards our own work. Moreover, we have to be discipline. We also have to be careful to
prevent careless mistakes.

Opinions/feelings through song

(Bump in the road by Erik Hassle)
We all must go through it sometime
You were not the first, you know
You stick your head in the sunshine
Don't expect the worst, though
If a bird can sing with a broken wing
You'll learn to bend when the wind blows
The leaves may fall, but the trees stay tall
This is a bump in the road
Don't give up, you will make it
Don't give up, you will make it
We all must go through it sometime
You were not the first, you know
Love got more hooks than a fish line
Belive it hurts, oh-ooh
If a bird can sing with a broken wing
You'll learn to bend when the wind blows
The leaves may fall, but the trees stay tall
This is a bump in the road
Don't give up, you will make it
Don't give up, you will make it

Out of the dark

Into the light
Over the edge
Over your life
We all must go through it sometime
You were not the first
You stick your head in the sunshine
Don't expect the worst, oh-ooh
If a bird can sing with a broken wing
You'll learn to bend when the wind blows
The leaves may fall, but the trees stay tall
This is a bump in the road
Don't give up, you will make it
Don't give up, you will make it

SMK BAGAN JAYA

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT
WORK SPM 2/2015

NAME:CHING HUI YEE

CLASS: 5 ARKED
ANGKA GILIRAN:
TEACHER:PN.NEOH