TUGAS UKD 4 BAHASA INGGRIS 1

PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI FAK KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS
SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA TAHUN 2014/2015
The government of India encourages married men and women to be sterilized so they cannot
have more children. In China, families can be punished for having more than one child. Both of these
countries have very large populations, and if the number of people continues to inncrease, there will
not be enough food, houses, or jobs for the people. As a result, India, China, and other popolous
countries are following a family-planning policy-they want families to limit the number of children
they will have. Teachers, doctors, and social workers are explaining to people why they should have
fewer children by using birth control methods such contraception and sterilization.
1. What is the topic of this paragraph?
a. India and China
c. the government India and China
b. Sterilization
d. Family planning
2. What is the main idea of this paragraph?
a. Some populous countries are following a family-planning policy.
b. India and China have very large populations
c. The government of India encourages sterilization
d. In China, families can be punished for having more than one child
3. What does the word they (line 1) refer to?
a. The goverment of India
b. Families
c. Children
d. Married men and women
4. What does the word these (line 2) refer to?
a. Popolous contries
b. India and China
c. India, China, and popolous countries
d. India
5. What does the word they (line 6) refer to?
a. India, China, and popolous countries
b. Families
c. Children
d. Doctors, teachers, and social workers
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate sentence connectors
6. There are millions of books in our library; .........., we use special system to keep the books
in order.
a. However
b. Furthermore
c. conversely
d. therefore
7. Some families have long histories........ others know very little about their anchestors.
a. While
b. In addition
c. thus
d. Moreover
8. They are all related each other, ....... the members of an extended family are called relative.
a. Yet
b. Also
c. so
d. Although
9. Succesful language learning is active learning. ........, succesful language learners always
look for chances to use the language.
a. Nevertheless b. Furthermore
c. therefore
d. On the other hand
10. Some people can learn languages more quickly than others, ..... they do not seem to be more
intelligent than others.
a. And
b. consequently
c. moreover
d. but

How do body and mind interact? Are body and mind fundamentally different parts of a human
being, or are they one and the same, interconnected in important ways? Inspired by this classic
philosophical debate, many psychologists specialize in biopsychology, the scientific study of the
biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes.
At the heart of this perspective is the notion that human beings, like other animals, have an
evolutionary history that predisposes them to behave in ways that are uniquely adaptive for survival
and reproduction. Biopsychologists work in a variety of subfields. Researchers in the field of ethology
observe fish, reptiles, birds, insects, primates, and other animal species in their natural habitats.
Comparative psychologists study animal behavior and make comparisons among different species,
including humans. Researchers in evolutionary psychology theorize about the origins of human
aggression, altruism, mate selection, and other behaviors. Those in behavioral genetics seek to estimate
the extent to which human characteristics such as personality, intelligence, and mental illness are
inherited.
Particularly important to biopsychology is a growing body of research in behavioral
neuroscience, the study of the links between behavior and the brain and nervous system. Facilitated by
computer-assisted imaging techniques that enable researchers to observe the living human brain in
action, this area is generating great excitement. In the related area of cognitive neuroscience,
researchers record physical activity in different regions of the brain as the subject reads, speaks, solves
math problems, or engages in other mental tasks. Their goal is to pinpoint activities in the brain that
correspond to different operations of the mind. In addition, many biopsychologists are involved in
psychopharmacology, the study of how drugs affect mental and behavioral functions.
A. Answer the following questions based the information in the text.
11. What does the above text tell about?
12. What learns the interaction between body and mind?
13. Do human beings behave uniquely adaptive for survival and reproduction?
14. What is the topic of the second paragraph?
15. How did comparative psychologists work?
16. What is the object of evolutionary psychology?
17. What does the those (par 2 line 7) refer to?
18. What does the word their (par 3 line 6) refer to?
B. Match column A and column B to make correct statements
19. objects of ethology
A. behavioral genetics
20. Relation of behaviour, brain, and nervous system
B. The of mind and behaviour
21. cognitive neuroscience
C. behavioral neuroscience
22. inheritance of human characteristics
D. Psychopharmachology
23. The impact of drug consumption
F. reading activities
24. Biospychogists
E. Natural habitat
C. State whether these statements are true (T) or false (F) based on the text.
25. Biopsychologists work in the field of ethology, evolutionary psychology, comparative
psychologists, and behavioral genetics.
26. Computer-assisted imaging techniques are enable researchers to examine the living human
brain in action.
27. The goal of cognitive neuroscience researcher is to identify activities in the brain that
correspond to different operations of the mind.
28. The study of how drugs affect mental and behavioral functions is learnt in cognitive
neuroscience.
29. Mate selection is one of the objects of evolutionary psychology.
30. Researchers in behavioral genetics try to estimate the inheritance of human characteristics
such as personality, intelligence, and mental illness.
Today, many psychologists work in the emerging area of health psychology, the application of
psychology to the promotion of physical health and the prevention and treatment of illness.

Researchers in this area have shown that human health and well-being depends on both biological and
psychological factors.
Many psychologists in this area study psychophysiological disorders (also called
psychosomatic disorders), conditions that are brought on or influenced by psychological states, most
often stress. These disorders include high blood pressure, headaches, asthma, and ulcers (see StressRelated Disorders). Researchers have discovered that chronic stress is associated with an increased risk
of coronary heart disease. In addition, stress can compromise the body's immune system and increase
susceptibility to illness.
Health psychologists also study how people cope with stress. They have found that people who
have family, friends, and other forms of social support are healthier and live longer than those who are
more isolated. Other researchers in this field examine the psychological factors that underlie smoking,
drinking, drug abuse, risky sexual practices, and other behaviors harmful to health.
D. Answer the following questions based the information in the text.
31. Can psychology be applied to treat the illness?
32. What factors influence human health and well being?
33. What is meant by psychophysiological disorders?
34. What is the cause of a chronic stress?
35. Who will live healthier? Those who are isolated or open behavior?
E. Match column A and column B to make correct statements
36. psychophysiological disorders
A. headaches
37. increased risk of coronary heart disease
B. chronic stress
38. Healthier psychological condition
C. strong bodys immune system
39. good biological and psychological factors
D. human health and well-being
F. State whether these statements are true (T) or false (F) based on the text.
40. Psychophysiological disorders include high blood pressure, headaches, asthma, and ulcers
41. Someone with chronic stress will get down his immune system
42. People who have family, friends, and other forms of social support are healthier but live
shorter than those who are more isolated.
43. Human health and well-being are influence by both biological and psychological factors.
44. Stress can compromise the body's immune system and decrease susceptibility to illness.
A correlation is a statistical measure of the extent to which two variables are associated. A
positive correlation exists when two variables increase or decrease together. For example, frustration
and aggression are positively correlated, meaning that as frustration rises, so do acts of aggression.
More of one means more of the other. A negative correlation exists when increases in one variable are
accompanied by decreases in the other, and vice versa. For example, friendships and stress-induced
illness are negatively correlated, meaning that the more close friends a person has, the fewer stressrelated illnesses the person suffers. More of one means less of the other.
Based on correlational evidence, researchers can use one variable to make predictions about
another variable. But researchers must use caution when drawing conclusions from correlations. It is
naturalbut incorrectto assume that because one variable predicts another, the first must have
caused the second. For example, one might assume that frustration triggers aggression, or that
friendships foster health. Regardless of how intuitive or accurate these conclusions may be, correlation
does not prove causation. Thus, although it is possible that frustration causes aggression, there are
other ways to interpret the correlation. For example, it is possible that aggressive people are more
likely to suffer social rejection and become frustrated as a result.
G. Answer the following questions based the information in the text.
45. What is the topic of the first paragraph?
46. How does a positive correlation happen?
47. How does a negative correlation happen?
48. What is the function of a variable in correlation?
49. What must be considered by researchers in drawing conclusion?
50. Does frustation cause aggression?