Rover Gas Turbine Test

Object
To determine the following characteristics for a gas turbine:
(1)Brake Horsepower
(2)Air Mass Flow
(3)Compression Ratio
(4)Turbine Efficiency
(5)Combustion Efficiency
(6)Thermal Efficiency
(7)Air standard Efficiency
(8)Specific fuel consumption
(9)Energy Balance
Principle of the experiment

Calculations
(1) Air mass flow rate
Air mass flow rate M a can be calculated as following:
Using the dimensionless air meter depression
p0
100 0.981 0.82 P0
100=
,
pA
PA
we can find a value V A in the calibrated air mass chart. And

there is a relation between

VA

and

M a , that is

V A=

M a T A
A0 P A

. Then the air mass flow rate M a can be calculated as:

'
'
V A A 0 P A ( V A 1000 ) /1000 A0 ( P A /10 ) ( V A 1000 ) A 0 P A
(kg/s)
M a=
=
=
10000 273.15+ T A
T A
273.15+T A
where A 0 is the throat area of the air meter.
(2) Fuel flow rate
Fuel flow rate mf =2 0 (kg/s)
(3) Brake hose power
Brake horsepower W b =Brake torque T Rotational speed w
2
2
W b =T w=( N A )
(W )=( N A )
1000 (kW)
60
60
(4) Compression ration
Absolute P2= P 2 + P A =1000 p '2+ P A
Absolute P1=P A P =P A P 0.981 0.82
P2
Compression ratio RC =
P1
(5) Expansion Ration
Absolute P3= P 2 + P A pcomb =1000 P'2+ P A PComb 0.981 13.55
Absolute P4 =P A + P 4 =P A + P'4 + 0.981 0.82
P3
Compression ratio R E=
P4
(6) Compression efficiency
Compression efficiency
M a C p a 1 ( T 2 sT 1 ) T 2 s T 1 T 2 s /T 11
W
sc = cs =
=
=
W ca M a C p a1 ( T 2T 1 ) T 2T 1 T 2 /T 11
T 2 s P2 k k1
=
where
, k a =1.4 for air. The unit of the
T1
p1
temperature must be in (K) and P2 , P1 is calculated as above.
Then
P k 1
T 2 s= 2 k T 1
P1
(7) Turbine efficiency
W ta M a C p a2 ( T 3T 4 ) T 3T 4 1T 4 T 3
=
=
=
Turbine efficiency st =
W ts M a C p a 2 ( T 3T 4 s ) T 3T 4 s 1T 4 s T 3

( )
0

( )

( )

( )

T3
p3 k k1
=
where
, k g=1.33 . The unit of the temperature
T4s
p4
must be in (K) and P3 , P4 is calculate as above.
T 3 can be calculated in the following way:
The work output by the turbine can also be calculated by:
W t =W B +W C +W fric =W b + M a C p1 ( T 2T 1 ) +W fric
The work output by the turbine can also be calculated by:

( )

W t =M g C p3 ( T 3 T 4 )
and
M g=M a + mf
Solve the equation of
W b =M a ( T 2T 1 ) +W f ric =M g C p3 ( T 3T 4 )
can get the value of T 3
W b + M a C p1 ( T 2T 1 ) +W fric
T 3 =T 4 +
M g C p3
W b 1000+ M a C p 1 ( T 2T 1) +W fric
T 4+
M g C p3
k 1
P4 k
Then T 4 S =T 3
. The unit of the temperature must be in
P3
(K).
(8) Combustion efficiency
Q M a C p 2 ( T 3T 4 ) T 3T 2
Combustion efficiency Comb= a =
=
Qf
m f LCV
T 3 id T 2
From the equation of mf LCV =M a C p 2 ( T 3 id T 2 ) , we can also get
the value of T 3 id which is called ideal combustion temperature
m LCV
m LCV 1000
T 3 id =T 2 + f
=T 2+ f
M a C p2
M aC p2
(9) Thermal efficiency
Wb
Wb
=
Thermal efficiency th =
Qf mf LCV
(10)
Air standard efficiency
Q Qout
T
=1 1
Air standard efficiency air =
Q
T2
The unit of the temperature must be in (K).
(11)
Specific fuel consumption
kg(fuel) mf ( kg s ) 3600
=
Specific fuel consumption S.F.C=
kW h
Wb
(12)
Energy balance

Heat delivered by fuel W f =mf LCV

Heat equivalent of brake power W b (kW)

Heat equivalent of friction power W f r

Heat equivalent of exhaust gas

Wg=( M a +mf ) ( T 4 T A ) C p 4 1000

% heat energy that converted to power HEP=W b /W f

% heat energy that loss due to the friction HLF=W f /W fric

% heat energy that exhausted to the environment

HLG=W g /W f

% heat energy that loss through other ways

1HEPHLFHLG
C p1

( )

iC

Experiment logsheet
Trial number

brake speed: (r.p.m.)

Brake load: N (N)
Moment arm: A (m)

3000
40
0.355
8

3000
80
0.355
8

3000
120
0.355
8

3000
160
0.355
8

3000
200
0.355
8

3000
220
0.355
8

*Friction horsepower
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.34
W fric (kW)
Air meter depression:
21.6
21.2
20.6
20.2
19.8
19.4
P0 ( cm alc
Ambient pressure:
1015. 1015. 1015. 1015. 1015. 1015.
P A (mbar)
1
1
1
1
1
1
Combustion delivery
1.6
1.6
1.65
1.65
1.67
1.68
pressure: P2 (bar)
Combustion pressure loss:
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
Pcomb ( cm Hg
Turbine outlet pressure:
0.1
0.3
1.4
2
2.4
2.8
P4 ( cmalc
Ambient temperature:
27
27
27
27
27
27
TA (
Combustion delivery
temperature:
150
152.5
153
154
155
155
T2 (
Turbine outlet temperature:
409
438
450
484
510
526
T4 (
Compression inlet
temperature:
29
29.5
29.5
29.5
31
31
T1 (
Time for 2 liters fuel
196
197
189
179
169
166
consumption:
(s)
*From the curve 5 in the chart of power losses against engine speed using engine
speed of 10 r.p.m.
Constant values table
C P 1 for air at mean temperature of compression
1005
(J/kg K)
C P 2 for air at mean temperature of combustion
1089
(J/kg K)
C P 3 for air at mean temperature of expansion
1151
(J/kg K)
C P 4 for air at temperature of turbine outlet (J/kg
1165
K)
k a for air ate mean temperature of compression
1.4
(--)
k g for air ate mean temperature of compression
1.33
(--)
Low calorific value of the fuel LCV (kJ/kg)
43641
0.793
Specific gravity of the fuel 0 (kg/l)
2
98.71
The throat area of the Air Meter A 0 ( cm )