ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This practical report is a synergistic product of many minds and has been accumulated over the
last few months. This has been a special practical report brought to fruition through the efforts of
some very special people. Many people contributed enthusiastically to this project, which really
came together in the last few weeks before deadline. For their continuous guidance and valuable
advice I would like to take this opportunity to thank.
Firstly, I would like to thank Kalpi Institute of Technology, Kalpi distt. Ambala & who has
granted me this opportunity to prepare a practical report which has helped me to gain knowledge
beside my studies and which is also definitely going to be useful in future.
I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to my parents for financial wisdom
and inspiration that have guided and helped me from day one.
My Subject In-charge, Er. Gaurav Talwar Assistant Professor in Mechanical Department who
came in and battened down the hatches when things were flying about.
Gurdhyan Singh
Roll No. 5811677

INTRODUCTION
Small Scale Industries
The Small-Scale Industries (SSI) is a program of the Kurukshetra University solely devoted to
assist the promotion and development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the India
through training, research and consultancy. It also helped other countries in Asia Pacific Region
build up their own SME development capabilities.
The Institute for Small-Scale Industries was established on March 2, 1966 through a bilateral
agreement between the Republic of the USA and the Government of the India. Its principal
objective then as now was to assist and promote the development and growth of the small-scale
industrial sector in the India. Originally set up as the training institute for the India small
industries, it gradually built up its capabilities and expanded its activities to include research,
extension, and information programs.
On August 4, 1969, the Institute was established through Republic Act No. 6041 as a research
and extension unit of the Kurukshetra University. The Institute had its permanent home with the
completion of the four stories E. Virata Hall in 1986.From then, KU ISSI conducted several
consultancy training courses, seminars, technical studies in the field of medium and small-scale
industries with emphasis on Indian industries.
The SSI (Small Scale Industries) today is immense for the growth of the country. Small-scale
industries are the industries which are run with the help of hired labor and which also use some
simple machine & power.
The investment scale in this industry varies from 5 Lakhs to 1 crore for the fixed assets.
Irrespective to no. of workers engaged is called small scale unit. The small-scale industries (SSI)
constitute one of the vibrant sectors of the Indian economy in terms of employment generation,
the strong entrepreneurial base it helps to create and its share in industrial production and
exports. The Government created the Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural
Industries (SSI & ARI) in October 1999 as the nodal Ministry for formulation of policy and coordination of Central assistance relating to promotion and development of the small-scale
industries in India. The Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries (SSI &
2

ARI) was bifurcated into two separate Ministries, namely, Ministry of Small Scale Industries and
Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries in September, 2001. Taking into account the high potential
for growth in the SSI sector in terms of output, employment and exports, the role of the Ministry
of Small Scale Industries is to strengthen the SSI sector, to enable it to remain competitive in
market-led economy and generate additional employment opportunities. For achieving these
objectives, the endeavor of the Ministry is to provide the SSI sector proper and timely inputs
like:
Adequate credit from financial institutions/banks.
Funds for technology up gradation and modernization.
Adequate infrastructure facilities.
Modern testing facilities and quality certification laboratories; modern management
practices and skill up gradation through advanced training facilities.
Marketing assistance.
Level playing field at par with the large industries sector.
In India these type of industries are Permuted to meet with the problems of excess population &
unemployment so the govt. of India Per motes entrepreneur to step up small scale industries by
aiding him by giving loans, subsidiaries, land, guidance etc.
Role of Small Scale Industries in Economic Development
Small Scale Industry is the segment of economy concerned with production of goods. Small
scale industry (SSI) is a term which applies to the small entrepreneurs who are engaged in
manufacture and production on a micro scale. The SSI sector continues to remain an integral part
of Indian economy with significant contribution to GDP, industrial production and employment
generation in India. Worldwide, the SSIs have been accepted as the engine of economic growth
and for promoting equitable development. The major advantage of the sector is its employment
potential at low capital cost. The labour intensity of the SSI sector is much higher than that of the
large enterprises. In 2000, the Union Government has reduced the investment limit in plant and
machinery for small scale units from Rs. 3 crore to Rs. 1 crore. However the investment ceilings
for tiny industries remain unchanged to Rs. 25 lakh. The small- scale industrial sector has
recorded a high growth rate since independence in spite of stiff competition from the large sector
3

and not so encouraging support from the government. This is evidenced by the number of
registered units which went up from mere 16,000 units in 1950 to 36,000 units in 1961 and to
133.67 lakh units in 2007-08. As far as the output of the SSI unit is concerned, it was
Rs.1,22,154 crore in 1994-95 and this has considerably risen to Rs. 695126 crore in 2007-2008
(at current prices). Production in SSI sector during the last ten years has recorded an annual
average growth rate of 8.6 percent. The share of SSI in the countries industrial output is around
39 percent. SSI Sector plays a major role in India's present export performance. 45% to 50% of
the Indian export is being contributed by SSI sector. Direct exports from the SSI sector account
for nearly 35% of total exports. The number of small scale units that undertake direct exports
would be more than 5000. Its play an important role in economic development of India through
following points

Production
Employment
Export
Opportunities

Production
The small-scale industries sector plays a vital role in the growth of the country. It contributes
almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the Indian economy. It has been estimated that
a million Rupees of investment in fixed assets in the small scale sector produces 4.62 million
worth of goods or services with an approximate value addition of ten percentage points.
The small-scale sector has grown rapidly over the years. The growth rates during the various
plan periods have been very impressive. The number of small-scale units has increased from an
estimated 0.87 million units in the year 1980-81 to over 3 million in the year 2000. When the
performance of this sector is viewed against the growth in the manufacturing and the industry
sector as a whole, it instills confidence in the resilience of the small-scale sector.

Year

Target

Achievements

1991-92

3.0

3.1

1992-93

5.0

5.6

1993-94

7.0

7.1

1994-95

9.1

10.1

1995-96

9.1

11.4

1996-97

9.1

11.3

1997-98

8.43

1998-99

7.7

1999-2000

8.16

2000-2001 (P)

8.90

P- Projected (April-December)
*- Target not at constant price
Employment

SSI Sector in India creates largest employment opportunities for the Indian populace, next only
to Agriculture. It has been estimated that 100,000 rupees of investment in fixed assets in the
small-scale sector generates employment for four persons.

Generation of Employment - Industry Group-wise

Food products industry has ranked first in generating employment, providing
employment to 0.48 million persons (13.1%). The next two industry groups were Nonmetallic mineral products with employment of 0.45 million persons (12.2%) and Metal
products with 0.37 million persons (10.2%).
In Chemicals & chemical products, Machinery parts except Electrical parts, Wood
products, Basic Metal Industries, Paper products & printing, Hosiery & garments, Repair
services and Rubber & plastic products, the contribution ranged from 9% to 5%, the total
contribution by these eight industry groups being 49%.
In all other industries the contribution was less than 5%.

Per unit employment

Per unit employment was the highest (20) in units engaged in beverages, tobacco &
tobacco products mainly due to the high employment potential of this industry
particularly in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam and Tamil Nadu. Next
came Cotton textile products (17), Non-metallic mineral products (14.1), Basic metal
industries (13.6) and Electrical machinery and parts (11.2.) The lowest figure of 2.4 was
in Repair services line.
Per unit employment was the highest (10) in metropolitan areas and lowest (5) in rural
areas. However, in Chemicals & chemical products, Non-metallic mineral products and
Basic metal industries per unit employment was higher in rural areas as compared to
metropolitan areas/urban areas. In urban areas highest employment per unit was in
Beverages, tobacco products (31 persons) followed by Cotton textile products (18), Basic

metal industries (13) and Non-metallic mineral products (12).

Location-wise Employment Distribution - Rural

Non-metallic products contributed 22.7% to employment generated in rural areas. Food

Products accounted for 21.1%, Wood Products and Chemicals and chemical products
shared between them 17.5%.

Urban
As for urban areas, Food Products and Metal Products almost equally shared 22.8% of
employment. Machinery parts except electrical, Non-metallic mineral products, and
Chemicals & chemical products between them accounted for 26.2% of employment. In
metropolitan areas the leading industries were Metal products, Machinery and parts
except electrical and Paper products & printing (total share being 33.6%).

State-wise Employment Distribution

Tamil Nadu (14.5%) made the maximum contribution to employment. This was followed
by Maharashtra (9.7%), Uttar Pradesh (9.5%) and West Bengal (8.5%) the total share
being 27.7%. Gujarat (7.6%), Andhra Pradesh (7.5%), Karnataka (6.7%) and Punjab
(5.6%) together accounted for another 27.4%. Per unit employment was high - 17, 16 and
14 respectively - in Nagaland, Sikkim and Dadra & Nagar Haveli. It was 12 in
Maharashtra, Tripura and Delhi. Madhya Pradesh had the lowest figure of 2. In all other
cases it was around the average of 6.

Year

Target

Achievements

Growth
Rate

1992-93

128.0

134.06

3.28

93-94

133.0

139.38

3.28

94-95

138.6

146.56

5.15

95-96

144.4

152.61

4.13

96-97

150.5

160.00

4.88

97-98

165

167.20

4.50

98-99

170.1

171.58

2.61

1999-2000

175.4

177.3

3.33

Export
SSI Sector plays a major role in India's present export performance. 45%-50% of the Indian
Exports is contributed by SSI Sector. Direct exports from the SSI Sector account for nearly 35%
of total exports. Besides direct exports, it is estimated that small-scale industrial units contribute
around 15% to exports indirectly. This takes place through merchant exporters, trading houses
and export houses. They may also be in the form of export orders from large units or the
production of parts and components for use for finished exportable goods.
It would surprise many to know that non-traditional products account for more than 95% of the
SSI exports. The exports from SSI sector have been clocking excellent growth rates in this
decade. It has been mostly fuelled by the performance of garments, leather and gems and
jewellery units from this sector. The product groups where the SSI sector dominates in exports
are sports goods, readymade garments, woolen garments and knitwear, plastic products,
processed food and leather products. The SSI sector is reorienting its export strategy towards the
new trade regime being ushered in by the WTO.

Opportunity
The opportunities in the small-scale sector are enormous due to the following factors:

Less Capital Intensive

Extensive Promotion & Support by Government

Reservation for Exclusive Manufacture by small scale sector

Project Profiles

Funding - Finance & Subsidies

Machinery Procurement

Raw Material Procurement

Manpower Training

Technical & Managerial skills

9

Tooling & Testing support

Reservation for Exclusive Purchase by Government

Export Promotion

Growth in demand in the domestic market size due to overall economic growth

Increasing Export Potential for Indian products

Growth in Requirements for ancillary units due to the increase in number of Greenfield
units coming up in the large scale sector. Small industry sector has performed
exceedingly well and enabled our country to achieve a wide measure of industrial growth
and diversification.

Registration of Small Scale Industrial Units

The Scheme of voluntary registration of Small Scale, Village and Cottage Industries with the
State Directorate of Industries was introduced in 1960 and such registered industrial units were
made eligible for different types of assistances by the Governmental Agencies. Initially a
uniform norm for registration were not laid down with the result that some of the States had
granted different registration numbers to different lines of manufacturing processes to the same
unit thereby resulting in multiple registration.
Therefore to avoid such anomalies a uniform set of Application Forms for both Provisional as
well as Permanent Registration were evolved out at the time of introduction of the revised
procedure of registration of these sectors of industrial undertakings in 1975. With the passage of
time, the Government of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industries further simplified the
procedures by simplification of the forms for registration and also introduced the coded system
to indicate the State, Districts and the unit's serial number so as to facilitate computerization of
the whole system of SSI registration, in 1989.
Registration of Small Scale, Village and Cottage industries are done under two stages, viz Provisional
10

 Permanent Registration
Provisional Registration:
Provisional registration is granted to a unit at its pre- investment Period to enable it to
take necessary steps to apply for financial credit, land or an industrial set, water, power or
telephone connections, etc.

Permanent / Final Registration:

A provisionally registered industrial unit when it is about to go into production is to apply
for grant of Permanent / Final Registration. An existing and functioning industrial unit is
eligible to apply for Permanent / Final Registration without going into provisional
registration processes.
Financial Requirements
Since Independence Government of India has been giving all possible encouragement of SSI. A
number of organizations have been set up by the Government of India to provide assistance and
incentive to small-scale industries. These packages of assistance are provided to SSI by a large
number of organizations operating at national and State level. Development Programmers are
being carried out at two levels
National level
State level
Agencies which work at National level are:

Small Scale Industrial Board (SSIB)

Small Scale Industries Development Organization

National Small Scale Industries Corporation.

Agencies which work at State level are:

State Directorate of Industries

District Industrial Center (DIC)

State Small Industrial Corporation (SSIC)

11

State Financial Corporations

Commercial Banks

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

National Level SSIB

It is all advisory body and comprises State Government Ministers Offices and representatives of
several Institutions and associations. Its functioning is to plan, advice and coordinate the
activities of Central and State Government. As such it does not render direct help to
entrepreneurs. However, it helps the Government in involving new policy and programmer for
small-scale sector.
Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO)
Its Headquarter Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi headed by the Development Commissioner (SSI)
has a network of Small Industries Service Institutes (SISIs) one in each State which helps in
economical, technical, industrial information service, management consultancy services, training
and marketing etc.
The Office of the Development Commissioner (Small Scale Industries) is also known as the
Small Industry Development Organization (SIDO). It is an apex body for assisting the Ministry
in formulating, coordinating, implementing and monitoring policies and Programmers for the
promotion and development of small-scale industries in the country and is headed by the
Development Commissioner (SSI).
In addition, the SIDO provides a comprehensive range of common facilities, technology support
services, marketing assistance, etc., through its network of 30 Small Industries Service Institutes
(SISIs), 28 Branch SISIs, 7 Field Testing Stations (FTS), 4 Regional Testing Centers, 2 Small
Entrepreneur Promotion and Training Institutes (SEPTI) and 1 Hand Tool Design Development
and Training Center. The SIDO also has a network of Tool Rooms, Process-cum-Product
Development Centers (PPDCs) and technology and training support institutes which are run as
autonomous bodies registered as societies under the Societies Act. Its headquarters at New Delhi
and Regional Offices at Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Guwahati etc.
Facilities Provided
Supply of machines and equipment on hire purchase
12

Distribution of scare raw material imported components.

Marketing assistance.
Assistance to SSI in securing orders for railway and defense.
Operating a credit guarantee scheme for those units which are
Registered within.

State Financial Corporations

Almost every state has its own financial corporation to provide machines and long term loans to
small and medium scale industries. Amount of loan varies from Rs. 5000 to Rs. 6.00 Lakhs and
these loans are repayable in equal installments spread over a Period of 10-12 years. Important
schemes of financing SFC are
A loan scheme for financing of village and cottage industries. Under this scheme they are
financed to the extent of Rs. 25,000 and the interest rate is very low.
Assistance to tiny units these grant assistance up to Rs. 2.00 Lakhs.
Scheme for technical entrepreneur in order to encourage self-employment these
corporations provide financial assistance up to Rs. 2.00 Lakhs at very low interest rate to
such technical entrepreneurs who have acquired a diploma or degree in any discipline of
engineering
Loans to hotel industry
Scheme for SC/ST Grant financial assistance to SC/ST entrepreneurs at a nominal
margin such rates are charged at the rate of 10%.
Scheme for physically handicapped these provide financial assistance up to Rs. 3.00
lakhs at a rate of 10%.
Commercial Banks
SBI and its subsidiary banks and other nationalized banks provide liberal term loans and working
capital to small scale entrepreneurs and these loans are advanced for purchase of machine and
material and to the technical entrepreneurs to encourage self-employment. Specialized institutes
like Central Institute of Tool Design, Hyderabad, Central Tool Room, Ludhiana and Kolkata,
Central Institute of Hand Tools Jalandhar, Institute for Design of Electrical Measuring
Instruments (IDEMI) Mumbai, Integrated Trading center, Nilokheri, National Institute of Small
13

Industry Extension, Hyderabad and National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Development. They conduct special courses, Programmers, workshops, training Programmers for
the benefit of small-scale industries.

Credit Support
Credit is the prime input for sustained growth of small-scale sector and its availability continued
to be a matter of concern. To provide credit support to the various SSI units various policies
have been formulated by the GOI. Various institutes like SFC, SIDC, NISC, SIDBI are providing
financial support to various SSI units.
Overview of the steps taken by the GOI
Composite loans limit raised from Rs. 10 Lakhs to Rs. 25 Lakhs.
In the National equity fund scheme (NEF) the project cost limit has been raised from Rs.
25 Lakhs to Rs. 50 Lakhs.
Soft loan limit restrained to 25% of the project cost.
Task Force is appointed by the Department of Economic Affairs to suggest
revitalization/restructuring of the State financial Corporation.

Credit to SSI Sector from Public Sector Banks

RBI and its support to SSI

Investment limit rose from Rs. 60 Lakhs to Rs. 300 Lakhs

Working capital limit rose to Rs. 4 crore.
Lower rate of interest and the interest is 20% of their projected annual turnover.
Public sector banks have been advised to operationally more specialized SSI branches at
Centers where there is a potential for financing many SSI borrowers.

Product Planning
Product planning may be defined as the act of marketing out and supervising the search,
screening, development and commercialization of new products, modification of existing lines.
14

Product planning involves three important considerations The development and introduction of new ideas
The modification of exiting lines as may be required in terms of changing consumers
need and preferences.
The discontinuance of elimination of marginal or unprofitable products.
Products can be classified as Consumers products
Industrial products
Defense products
Consumers products
Goods designed for use ultimately by the consumers or household and in such from they can be
used without commercial processing.
Industrial product
Goods, which are designed to be sold primarily for use in producing goods or rendering services,
as contrasted with goods destined to be sold primarily to the ultimate consumers.
Sales Forecast Defined
A sale forecast is an estimate for the amount or unit sales for a specified future Period under a
proposed marketing plan or programmed.
As defined by the American Marketing Association it is an estimate of sales in dollars or
physical units for a specified future Period under a proposed marketing plan or programmer and
under an assumed set of economic and other forces outside the unit for which the forecast is
made.

15

Introduction & Uses of Product

Bench Vice
A vise (American English) or vice (British English) is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an
object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other
movable, threaded in and out by a screw and lever.
An engineer's vise, also known as a metalworking vise or fitter's vise, is used to clamp metal
instead of wood. It is typically made of cast steel or malleable cast iron. Cheaper vises may be
made of brittle cast iron. The jaws are often separate and replaceable, usually engraved with
serrated or diamond teeth. Soft jaw covers made of aluminum, lead, or plastic may be used to
protect delicate work.
An engineer's vise is bolted onto the top surface of a workbench, with the face of the fixed jaws
just forward of its front edge. The vise may include other features such as a small anvil on the
back of its body.
7 Uses of Bench Vice
While a bench vise is a versatile tool, it is not immediately obvious just how many different
types of applications it can have. Whether you are working with wood, metal or other materials,
this tool will provide the stability you need to perform with precision. What follows should give
you a good idea of many of the things a vise can be used for, but it is by no means a complete
list.
Using Glue
A vise can be incredibly helpful if you are using glue in a woodworking project. Instead of
relying on gravity to hold your project together while your glue dries, you can put it in a vise,
place it carefully, and leave it alone, knowing that your project will remain perfectly in place
until the glue is completely dry. For any project that involves precise measurement and gluing in
order for all of the parts to fit together properly, this is a big advantage.
16

Metalworking
In addition to woodworking, bench vises also have many uses in metalworking as well. Bench
vises can be used to hold metal in place to be cut or modified.
Using a Saw
Bench vises are also extremely useful when using a saw to cut lumber for your woodworking
projects. Using a vise is by far the most reliable way to hold a piece of stock in place while
cutting it. If you have ever had trouble using a saw freehand and wished that you had a way to
better hold your lumber in place, a bench vise will provide the solution that you need.
Working with a Drill
If you are planning a project involving the use of a drill, you will definitely benefit from access
to a bench vise. A vise is absolutely vital when performing a task like drilling that requires
serious precision and stability. Using a bench vise will allow you to drill holes with more
accuracy than you would be able to get without using one.
Using Sandpaper
Finishing a project with sandpaper will take a lot of time, no matter what conditions you do it
under. However, with the proper planning and tools, you can minimize your work and maximize
your effectiveness while sanding. A bench vise is a significant part of doing this. By having your
project secured thoroughly without the use of your hands, you can make sure to not accidentally
damage it, or spend more time struggling to get it in the right position than you do actually
working on it.
Cutting Conduit
When cutting electrical conduit, it is important to secure the conduit in place firmly with a vise
before cutting it. A bench vise is a perfect way to do this. As a Work Bench it is important to
remember that anything a regular work bench can do, a bench vise can do just as well. If you are
going to give up enough space to fit a bench vise, there is no reason not to maximize the amount
of use you get out of it.
Plant Layout

17

LAND REQUIREMENT

Land type

Purchas

Area required

46,250 sq.feet

Rate of land

Rs. 150/sq.feet

Total cost

46,250*150

Rs. 6,937,500

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

18

Serial

Item

Quantity

Unit Cost (Rs.)

Total

2
2
1
2
1

6
7
8
9

Milling machine
Lathe machine
Cold roller
Grinding machine
Drilling machine
Jigs and fixtures
Other req. tools. and set ups
Furniture
Office documents locker

80,000
100,000
45,000
30,000
75,000
30,000
50,000
30,000
1,200

160,000
200,000
45,000
60,000
75,000
30,000
50,000
30,000
12,000

10

Installation cost @8%

52,960

Total cost

7,14,960

No.
1
2
3
4
5

10

Preoperative expenses..20,000
Grand total................................................................................................7, 34,960

MANPOWER REQUIREMENT
Serial no.

Manpower

Expected

Nos

qualification
1

Milling

2-3 years

operator

experience

Total

per month
2

19

Unit salary

9,000

18,000

Grinding

1 year

operator

experience

Lathe operator

2-3 year

7,000

14,000

9,000

18,000

7,000

7,000

8,000

8,000

5,500

11,000

11,000

22,000

experience
4

Drilling

1year

operator

experience

Cold rolling

2-3year

operator

experience

Painter

1year
experience

Skilled

2 years

inspector

experience

Prerequisite

14,700

cost @ 15%
Total

1,12,700

MANPOWER REQUIREMENT
Serial no.

Manpower

Expected

Nos

qualification
1

Milling

2-3 years

operator

experience

Total

per month
2

20

Unit salary

9,000

18,000

Grinding

1 year

operator

experience

Lathe operator

2-3 year

7,000

14,000

9,000

18,000

7,000

7,000

8,000

8,000

5,500

11,000

11,000

22,000

experience
4

Drilling

1year

operator

experience

Cold rolling

2-3year

operator

experience

Painter

1year
experience

Skilled

2 years

inspector

experience

Prerequisite

14,700

cost @ 15%
Total

1,12,700

INDIRECT LABOUR
Serial No.

Indirect

Expected

Nos.

Unit Salary

Labour

Qualification

per
18,000
10,000

Manager

MBA + 3 yrs.

month
18,000

Accounts

experience
M.com +

10,000

officer

2years
experience
21

Total

Receptionist

Graduate in

6,000

6,000

Scrap yard

any field
Matriculate

4,000

4,000

guard
Store keeper

1 year

5,000

5,000

Security guard

experience
2 years

6,000

12,000

Sweeper
Prerequisite

experience
-----

3,000

3,000
8700

cost @ 15%
Total

66,700

Utilities
Serial no.

Utilities

Cost per
month

Electricity supply

20,000

Water supply

15,00

Total

21,500

Other Contingent Expenses

Serial no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Description

Cost per

Postage and stationary

Transportation/ travelling charges
Repair and maintenance
Consumable store
Advertisement
Insurance and taxes
Misc.
Total

month
2,000
4,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
3,000
4,000
35,000

Total recurring expenditure (per month)

Serial no.

Cost
22

1
2
3
4
5

Machinery and equipment

Manpower requirement
Indirect labour
Utilities
Other contingent expenses
Total

6,937,500
1,12,700
66,700
21,500
35,000
71,73,400

Turnover (per year)

1

By sale of bench vice

500

1300

65,00,000
65,00,000

Total

Methodology of Bench Vice

Raw Material available in the circular shafts & casting of vice

Cold Rolling is performed to get the desire hardness for handling shafts

Cutting operation is performed to get desired threads on circular shaft & proper length

23

Drilling holes for fastening of vice on bench

Milling operation is performed for attaining the actual size of jaw face

Planning is done to finish the jaw faces

Inspection is done for checking any defects

Painting is performed for decoration & prevent from corrosion

Re-inspection is again performed for proper checking before packing

Proper storage is done after inspection & ready for delivered

24

25