Engineering Electromagnetics

LECTURE 2: Gauss Law

Instructor: Sir Tim
Summer Term
ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Gauss Law

ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Electric Flux

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Electric Flux Density (D)

Quantity similar to electric
independent of the medium.

field

but

=
Hence, each individual flux is given by:

=
ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Gauss Law
Gauss Law states that the total electric flux
passing through any closed surface is equal
to the total charge enclosed by that surface.
= =

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 1
Three point charges, Q1 = 30 nC, Q2 = 150
nC, and Q3 = -70 nC, are enclosed by
surface S. What net flux crosses S?

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 2
Charge in the form of a plane sheet with
density s = 40 C/m2 is located at z = -0.5
m. A uniform line charge of l = -6 C/m
lies along the axis. What net flux crosses
the surface of a cube 2 m on an edge,
centered at the origin.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 3
Apply Gauss Law to derive the electric field
of standard charge distributions:
a) Infinite line charge
b) Infinite sheet charge

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 4
The volume in cylindrical coordinates
between = 2 m and = 4 m has a uniform
volume charge density, V = p C/m3 . Use
Gauss Law to find the electric field
intensity in all regions.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 5
Where does the capacitor store its energy in
the form of electric field? Assume that the
upper plate is positive and the lower plate is
negative and the respective charges are
equal in magnitude.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 6
Three concentric spherical shells r = 1, r =
2 and r = 3 m respectively, have charge
distributions 2, -4 and 5 C/m2.
a) Calculate the total flux through r = 1.5
m and r = 2.5 m.
b) Find E at r = 0.5, r = 2.5 and r = 3.5 m.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Gauss Law

DIVERGENCE THEOREM

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Differential Form of Gauss Law

Another form of the Gauss Law takes
advantage of the Divergence Theorem in
Vector Analysis.

=
But since

=
ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Del Operator

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 1
The electric flux density of a rectangular
parallelepiped formed by the planes x = 0
and x = 1, y = 0 and y = 2 and z = 0 and
z = 3 is D = 2xyax + x2ay C/m2. Determine
the net flux passing through the surface.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Problem 2
A cube, 2 m on an edge, centered at the
origin and with edges parallel to the
coordinate axes has an electric field of E =
10x3/30 ax V/m. Determine the net charge
inside the cube.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Gauss Law

SEATWORK

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Seatwork
1. Given that

Determine D at all regions.

2. In free space, D = 2y2ax + 4xyay az
mC/m2. Find the total charge stored in the
region 1 < x < 2, 1 < y < 2, and 1 < z < 4
using closed surface integral and then the point
form of Gauss Law. Compare the results.
ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer

Thank you.
Lecture 2: Gauss Law
Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado
Faculty, Electronics Engineering Department
Technological University of the Philippines Manila

tim.amado08@gmail.com
ECE Department, TUP Manila

Engineering Electromagnetics

Timothy M. Amado, ECE Summer