Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Engineering Electromagnetics
Engineering Electromagnetics
Current
The term current refers to the rate at which
positive charges flow.
Engineering Electromagnetics
Current Density
However for field theory, the amount of
current per unit area, referred to as the
current density is much more useful.
Engineering Electromagnetics
Drift Velocity
Refers to the flow velocity the charge
experience due to applied electric field.
Engineering Electromagnetics
J and E Relationship
Drift velocity is a quantity influenced by the
strength of the electric field intensity, i.e.
=
ECE Department, TUP Manila
Engineering Electromagnetics
Resistance
Consider a conductor with uniform surface,
the current is
=
Engineering Electromagnetics
Resistance
Getting the ratio of these two quantities, we
have:
=
=
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 1
Given the vector current density
J = 102za - 4cos2a mA/m2
a) Find the current density at P(3, 30o, 2)
b) Determine the current flowing outward
through a circular band = 3, 0< < 2,
2< z < 2.8.
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 2
A wire of diameter 1 mm and conductivity 5
x 107 S/m has 1029 free electrons/m3 when
an electric field 10 mV/m is applied.
Determine:
a) The charge density of free electrons
b) The current density
c) The current in the wire
d) The drift velocity
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 3
An AWG #12 copper conductor has an 80.8
mil diameter. A 50-foot length carries a
current of 20 A. Find the electric field
intensity E, drift velocity U, the voltage
drop, and the resistance for the 50 foot
length. (Cu = 5.8 x 107 S/m, Cu = 0.0032
m2/V-s)
Engineering Electromagnetics
Engineering Electromagnetics
= =
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 1
Current density is given in cylindrical
coordinates as J = 106z1.5az A/m2 in the
region 0 20 m; for 20m, J = 0.
a) Find the total current crossing the
surface z = 0.1 m in the az direction.
b) If the charge velocity is 2 106 m/s at z
= 0.1 m, find v there.
c) If the volume charge density at z = 0.15
m is 2000 C/m3, find the charge
velocity there.
ECE Department, TUP Manila
Engineering Electromagnetics
CONDUCTORS
Engineering Electromagnetics
Conductors
A conductor is a material that has an
abundance of charge carriers (free electrons)
Engineering Electromagnetics
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 1
Given the potential,
= 100(2 2)
and a point P(2,1, 3) that is stipulated to
lie on a conductor-to-free-space boundary,
find V, E, D, and S at P.
Engineering Electromagnetics
Method of Images
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 2
Find the surface charge density at P(2, 5, 0)
on the conducting plane z = 0 if there is a
line charge of 30 nC/m located at x = 0, z =
3
Engineering Electromagnetics
CAPACITANCE
Engineering Electromagnetics
Capacitance
Capacitance measures
the capability of energy
storage in electrical
devices
Engineering Electromagnetics
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 1
Calculate the capacitance of a parallel-plate
capacitor having a mica dielectric, r = 6, a
plate area of 10 in.2, and a separation of 0.01
in.
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 2
Find the relative permittivity of the
dielectric material present in a parallel-plate
capacitor if:
a) S = 0.12 m2, d = 80 m, V0 = 12 V, and
the capacitor contains 1 J of energy
b) the stored energy density is 100 J/m3,
V0 = 200 V, and d = 45 m
c) E = 200 kV/m and S = 20 C/m2
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 3
Two concentric spherical conducting shells are
separated by vacuum. The inner shell has total
charge +Q and outer radius ra and the outer shell
has charge Q and inner radius rb. Find the
capacitance of this spherical capacitor.
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 4
Show that for a coaxial cable transmission line
with length L, the distributed capacitance
(capacitance per unit length) is given by:
2
/ =
ln
Engineering Electromagnetics
Engineering Electromagnetics
Capacitors in Series
QT Q1 Q2 Q3 ...
VT V1 V2 V3 ...
CT C C C ...
1
1
Engineering Electromagnetics
1
2
1
3
Capacitors in Parallel
VT V1 V2 V3 ...
QT Q1 Q2 Q3 ...
CT C1 C2 C3 ...
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 1
For the combination of capacitances shown,
assume C1 = 12.0 F, C2 = 5.30 F, and C3
= 4.50 F. If V = 12.5 V, What is the
charge on C1?
Engineering Electromagnetics
Problem 2
Derive an expression for the capacitance of a
parallel plate capacitor containing two
dielectrics.
Engineering Electromagnetics
SEATWORK
Engineering Electromagnetics
Thank you.
Lecture 4: Current Density, Conductors and Capacitance
Engineering Electromagnetics
Timothy M. Amado
Faculty, Electronics Engineering Department
Technological University of the Philippines Manila
tim.amado08@gmail.com
ECE Department, TUP Manila
Engineering Electromagnetics