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This document discusses the importance of teaching geography in schools. It outlines how geography helps students understand the world by exploring relationships between people, natural environments, and cultural environments. The document also discusses how a geographic perspective and fieldwork are essential parts of teaching geography. It provides an overview of methods and techniques for teaching geography, including verbal learning, guidance and discovery, thinking skills, classroom techniques like using maps and pictures, and fieldwork investigations. The goal is to teach geography in an experiential way so students can apply geographic concepts and skills.
This document discusses the importance of teaching geography in schools. It outlines how geography helps students understand the world by exploring relationships between people, natural environments, and cultural environments. The document also discusses how a geographic perspective and fieldwork are essential parts of teaching geography. It provides an overview of methods and techniques for teaching geography, including verbal learning, guidance and discovery, thinking skills, classroom techniques like using maps and pictures, and fieldwork investigations. The goal is to teach geography in an experiential way so students can apply geographic concepts and skills.
This document discusses the importance of teaching geography in schools. It outlines how geography helps students understand the world by exploring relationships between people, natural environments, and cultural environments. The document also discusses how a geographic perspective and fieldwork are essential parts of teaching geography. It provides an overview of methods and techniques for teaching geography, including verbal learning, guidance and discovery, thinking skills, classroom techniques like using maps and pictures, and fieldwork investigations. The goal is to teach geography in an experiential way so students can apply geographic concepts and skills.
Geography explains the past, illuminates the present, and
prepares us for the future. What could be more important
than that? Michael Palin, President of the Royal Geographical Society, 2009-2012. Young people from a very early age have an inquisitiveness to know about the worlds diversity and appreciate the biophysical and human characteristics of different places and regions. The strength of geography lies in bridging this curiosity in a scientific manner and study. The world is fast changing and resources both natural and physical are depleting at a pace that poses far too many threats and questions than there are answers. These problems do not have quick-fix solutions as these solutions involve strategies that are usually long-term in character. Therefore, the teaching of geography in schools will help students explore relationships and connections between people and both natural and cultural environments. The development of understanding of these concepts will allow students to participate as critical, active, informed and responsible citizens. In India a small section of students pursue geography at postsecondary level of education. Career opportunities and pathways in geography need to be stressed upon. The role of geographers especially in the fields of - urban and regional planning, industrial location and marketing, environmental monitoring and resource management, community development at home and abroad, and as researchers, analysts, consultants, technologists and planners would help students broaden their outlook and develop a deeper awareness of how geographers shape our world. The ability to collect, sample and analyze data is becoming increasingly important in geography. Technological advances has made geography an interdisciplinary field of study. Global positioning devices on Earth along with government and commercial satellites greatly increase the accuracy and amount of geographic data available today. To process data at high speed and accuracy newer Geographic Information System (GIS)
software are being continuously developed. This technology
creates new career possibilities for people who understand geography and who can process and use geographic information.
Teaching geography in schools
Geography is at once one of the most important of school subjects and one of the most difficult to teach. There is a claim from geography for a place in the curriculum, not because it pays, but because we cannot have an education worth the name without geography. Fairgrieve 1926 Fairgrieves influence on geography teachers continued through the generations. Scarfe, Honeybone a student of Scarfe, and Graves a student of Honeybone, each respectively head of geography at the largest university school of education. Their teachings based on maxims that one should teach: from the known to the unknown; from the simple to the complex; from the indefinite to the definite (an unexpected reversal here); from the particular to the general. Geography without fieldwork is like science without experiments; the field is the geographic laboratory where young people experience at first hand landscapes, places, people and issues, and where they can learn and practice geographical skills in a real environment. Above all, fieldwork is enjoyable. (Bland, Chambers, Donert and Thomas 1996: 165). Geography, unlike most other subjects, has a spatial perspective. This spatial component makes it interesting as well as complex
when it comes to taking it to the classrooms and beyond. Thus,
making fieldwork an essential element to experimental and experiential learning in natural settings and places. Graves has outlined the method and techniques for teaching geography in schools in a systematic and simple style. Methods of teaching Geography A Verbal learning and real understanding B Guidance and discovery in learning Geography C Thinking in Geography Techniques of teaching Geography A Classroom techniques (i) The oral lesson using a textbook and atlas (ii) The non-oral working lesson (iii) The use of medium- and large-scale maps (iv) Using pictures and photographs (v) The use of other audio visual aids (vi) The case study approach (vii) The transformation of data (viii) Games and stimulation (ix) Programmed learning B Fieldwork techniques (i) Types of fieldwork in the lower secondary school (ii) Investigations in the upper secondary school The methods and techniques of teaching Geography: Source: Graves (1971).