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WATER SUPPLYL ANDU DISTRIBUTIONMB SYSTEMING

2. 9. Water Supply and Distribution System definition Carries water from the water source,
street main or aP pump to the building and to various points in theL building at which water is
used. COLD WATER SUPPLYU HOT WATER SUPPLYM WATERB plays an important part in
the plumbing systemI Providing water is one of the most critical utility requirementN
Universal SolventG
3. 10. Water Supply and Distribution System WATER CYCLE 3 MAJOR STAGESP
EVAPORATIONLU CONDENSATIONMB PRECIPITATIONING
4. 11. Water Supply and Distribution System SOURCES OF WATERP RAIN WATERL Collected
from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds.U
ADVANTAGEM Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply systemB
DISADVANTAGEI Only a source during the wet seasonN Storage becomes a breeding place
for mosquitoesG Roofs may not be clean
5. 12. Water Supply and Distribution System SOURCES OF WATERP GROUND WATER The
portion of the rainwater which has percolated into the earth toL form underground deposits
called aquifers (water- bearing soil formation).U From springs and wells and is the principal
source of water for domestic use in most rural areas.M ADVANTAGE Usually has an
abundant supply;B requires less treatment because of natural filtering.I DISADVANTAGEN
May have organic matter & chemical elements usually treatment is suggested.G
6. 13. Water Supply and Distribution System SOURCES OF WATERP NATURAL SURFACE
WATER A mixture of surface run-off and ground water. Surface sourcesL includes rivers,
lakes, ponds and impounding reservoirs.U ADVANTAGE Usually easy to acquire and in large
quantities.M Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated,B for community water
supply.I DISADVANTAGE Contains a large amounts of bacteria, organic, & inorganicN
substances; Purification & treatment is necessary.G
7. 14. Water Supply and Distribution System USES OF WATERP NOURISHMENTL
CLEANSING AND HYGIENEU CEREMONIAL USESM TRANSPORTATIONAL USESBI
COOLING MEDIUMN ORNAMENTAL ELEMENTG PROTECTIVE USES
8. 15. Water Supply and Distribution System PHYSICAL PROPETIES OF WATERP SURFACE
TENSIONL The ability to stick itself together and pull itself togetherU HEAT
ABSOPTION/CAPACITYM The ability to absorb heat without becoming warmerB
CAPILLARITYI The ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravityN DISSOLVING
ABILITY Known as the Universal SolventG
9. 16. Water Supply and Distribution System WATER QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR
CORRECTIONP PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTIONL 1. Acidity Contains carbon
dioxide Corrosion of non-ferrous Passing the water through a bed ofU pipes Rusting &
crushed marble or limestone to achieve alkalinity,M clogging of steel pipes or adding sodium
silicate.)B 2. Hardness Presence of Clogging of magnesium and pipes Boiling
Introduction ofI calcium salts Impaired laundry and water softeners made up ofN 3.
Turbidity Silt or mud in cooking Discoloration Zeolite FiltrationG surface or in ground Bad
taste
10. 17. Water Supply and Distribution System WATER QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR
CORRECTIONP PROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS CORRECTIONL 4. Color Presence of

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Discoloration of Chlorination orU Iron and manganese fixtures and laundry ozonation and
file filtrationMB 5. Pollution Contamination by organic Disease ChlorinationI matter or
sewageNG
18. Water Supply and Distribution System Water treatment and purification is any method
that will remove one or more materials that makeP the water unsuitable for a given useL
AERATION Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorbU
additional oxygen for better taste.MBING
19. Water Supply and Distribution System COAGULATION - FLOCCULATIONP process by
which small sediment particles which do not settle well combine together to form larger
particles which can be removed by sedimentationL COAGULATION chemical process in
which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to make it capable ofU combining into larger
particles. FLOCCULATION physical process in which the sediment particlesM collide with
each other and stick together.BING
20. Water Supply and Distribution System SEDIMENTATIONP suspended solids are
removed from the water by gravity settling and depositionL water is passed through basins so
sediments can settle through a period of timeUMBING
21. Water Supply and Distribution System FILTRATIONP water is passed through layers of
sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles.LUMBI
DISINFECTION/ CHLORINATIONN method of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to
the water in order to attain a desired degree of disinfection.G
22. Water Supply and Distribution System WATER TREATMENT PROCESSPLUMBING
23. Water Supply and Distribution System WELLSP Wells are holes in the earth from which a
fluid may be withdrawn using manual or mechanical means such as drawL bucket, pump,
etc. GENERAL TYPES OF WELLU SHALLOW WELL DEEP WELLMB TYPES OF WELL
(ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION)I DUG WELLSN can be constructed with
hand tools or power tools depth of about 15 meters (50 ft)G can have the greatest diameter
that a space may allow
24. Water Supply and Distribution System DUG WELLPLUMBING
25. Water Supply and Distribution System DRIVEN WELLSP A steel drive-well point is fitted
on one end of the pipe sectionL and driven into the earth. The point may be driven into the
ground to a depth of up to 15 meters (50 ft).UMBING
26. Water Supply and Distribution System BORED WELLSP These are dug with earth
augers are usually less than 30 meters (100 ft) deep. The diameter ranges from 2 to 30
inches. The wellL is lined with metal, vitrified tile or concrete.UMBING
27. Water Supply and Distribution System DRILLED WELLSP Requires more elaborate
equipment depending on the geology of the site.L Used for drilling oil and can reach up to
1000 meters in depth.UMBING
28. Water Supply and Distribution System JETTED WELLSP Use extreme water pressure so
as not to affect existing foundation in the vicinity. It makes use of a suction pump above,L
while casing acts as the pump riser.UMBING
29. Water Supply and Distribution System PUMPS A pump is a device used to move fluids,
such as liquids or slurries.P A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action.L
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPSU RECIPROCATING PUMP Pump having a plunger that

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move back and forth within a cylinderM equipped with check valves. The cylinder is best
located near or below the ground level.BING
30. Water Supply and Distribution System CENTRIFUGAL PUMPP It contains an impeller
mounted on a rotating shaft. The rotating impeller increases the water velocity while forcing
the water into aL casing thus converting the waters velocity into higher pressure.UMBING
31. Water Supply and Distribution System TURBINE PUMPP A turbine pump has a vertical
turbine located below groundwater levels and a driving motor located at groundLUMBING
32. Water Supply and Distribution System SUBMERSIBLE PUMPP Is basically a centrifugal
pump complete with electric motors which are positioned underwater in a suitable bored hole
that delivers theL water to the surfaceUMBING
33. Water Supply and Distribution System JET (EJECTOR) PUMPP Jet pumps are
centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up from a well.LUMBING
34. Water Supply and Distribution System PISTON PUMPP Is a positive displacement
reciprocating pump in which a plunger is driven backwards and forwards, or up and down by
a mechanicalL working head.U Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a
piston.MBING
35. Water Supply and Distribution System SUMP PUMPP Sump pumps are used in
applications where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.L a pump
used to remove water that has accumulated in a water collecting sump pit,UMBING
36. Water Supply and Distribution System WATER STORAGE FOR DOMESTIC USEP
OVERHEAD TANK/ GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKL Does not have any pressure concerns but
relies on gravity to supply water toU fixtures below. Use in overhead feed systemM
COMPONENTSB Supply PipeI Inlet Overflow PipeN Drip PanG Gate Valves
37. Water Supply and Distribution System CISTERNP Usually built of reinforced concrete
underground and connected with a pump.L PNEUMATIC WATER TANKU Used in the air
pressure system and often used with a pump.M Make use of pressure relieve valve to
release excess pressure if necessaryBING
38. Water Supply and Distribution System HOT WATER TANKP Range Boiler Small hot
water tank (30-60 cmL diameter; 180cm max length) Made of galvanized steel sheet,U
copper or stainless steel Standard working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psiM Storage BoilerB
Large hot water tank (60-130 cm in diameter; 5m max length)I Made of heavy duty material
sheets applied with rust proof paintN Standard working pressure limit is 65 to 100 psi.G
39. Water Supply and Distribution System VALVES AND CONTROLSP FUNCTION OF
VALVES Control of the water systemL - - Start or shut down a system Regulate pressureU - Check backflow Control the direction of waterM TYPES OF VALVESB GATE VALVE (Fullway Valve)I Used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line (doesN not
control flow of water). Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc ValveG Double Disc Valve
40. Water Supply and Distribution System GLOBE VALVE Controls the flow of water with aP
movable spindle. Can reduce water pressure (throttling).L 3 typesU Plug Type Disc ValveMB
Conventional Disc ValveIN Composition Disc ValveG
41. Water Supply and Distribution System CHECK VALVE Main function is to prevent
reversal ofP flow (backflow) in the line.L 4 typesU Swing Check ValveM Lift Check ValveBI
Vertical Check ValveNG Horizontal Check valve

35. 42. Water Supply and Distribution System ANGLE VALVEP Used to make a 90 turn in a
line.LU FOOT VALVE Located at the lower end of the pump. UsedM mainly to prevent loss of
priming of the pumps.BI SAFETY VALVEN Used on water systems, heating systems,
compressed air lines & other pipe linesG with excessive pressure.
36. 43. Water Supply and Distribution System TYPES OF FAUCETSP COMPRESSION COCK
Operates by the compression of a softL packing upon a metal sheet.U KEY COCK Operates
with a round tapering plugM ground to fit a metal sheet.B BALL FAUCETI Constructed with a
ball connected to the handle.N HOSE BIBBG A water faucet made for the threaded
attachment of a hose.
37. 44. Water Supply and Distribution System WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM The water
service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessaryP connecting pipes, fittings, control
valves and all appurtenances in orL adjacent to the structure or premises. PARTS OF
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMU SERVICE PIPEM The pipe from the water main or other
source of potable water supply to the water distribution system of the building served.B
WATER METERI Device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes
through the water service.N DISTRIBUTION PIPE/ SUPPLY PIPE A pipe within the structure
or on the premises which conveys waterG from the water service pipe or meter to the point of
utilization.
38. 45. Water Supply and Distribution SystemP RISERL A water supply pipe that extends one full
story or more to convey water to branches or to a group of fixtures.UM FIXTURE BRANCH
The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe & the waterB distributing pipe.I
FIXTURE SUPPLYN A water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch.G
39. 46. Water Supply and Distribution System COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMP TYPES
OF WATER DISTRIBUTION DIRECT (UPFEED)L INDIRECT - Down feed or Gravity
SystemU - Hydro pneumatic System ( Air Pressure System) DIRECT (UPFEED)M Water is
provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water mainBING
40. 47. Water Supply and Distribution System DOWNFEED orP GRAVITY SYSTEML Water is
pumped into a large tank on top of the building andU is distributed to the fixtures by means of
gravity.MBING
41. 48. Water Supply and Distribution System HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM/ AIR PRESSURE
SYSTEMPL When pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enoughUM
Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the systemBING
42. 49. Water Supply and Distribution System ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESP Upfeed
SystemL 1. Eliminates extra cost of pumps & 1. Pressure from water main is tanks.
inadequate to supply tall buildings.U 2. Water supply is affected during peak load hour.M Air
Pressure SystemB 1. With compact pumping unit. 2. Sanitary due to air tight water 1. Water
supply is affected by loss of pressure inside the tank in case ofI chamber. 3. economical
(smaller pipe diam) power interruption.N 4. less initial construction & maintenance cost 5.
Oxygen in the compressed air servesG as purifying agent. 6. Adaptable air pressure. 7. Air
pressure serves zones of about 10 stores intervals.
43. 50. Water Supply and Distribution SystemPL ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESU
Overheadfeeed SystemM 1. Water is not affected by peak load hour. 1. 2. Water is subject to
contamination. High maintenance cost.B 2. Not affected by power interruptions. 3. Occupies

valuable space. 3. Time needed to replace broken parts 4. Requires stronger foundation and
does not affect water supply. other structure to carry additionalI load of tank and water.NG
44. 51. Water Supply and Distribution System Types of the Hot Water Distribution SystemsP
Upfeed and Gravity Return SystemL With a continuing network of pipes to provide constantU
circulation of water Hot water rises on its own &M does not need any pump for circulationB
Hot water is immediatelyI drawn form the fixture any time Provided economical circulatingN
return of unused hot water Larger pipe is installed at theG top of the riser & the diminishing
sizes passes through the lower floors of the building
45. 52. Water Supply and Distribution System Types of the Hot Water Distribution Systems
Downfeed and Gravity Return SystemP Hot water rises on toL the highest point of the
plumbing systemU and travels to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system)M Water
distribution isB dependent on the expansion of hotI water & gravity. Larger pipe is installedN
at the bottom of the riser & the diminishingG sizes passes through the upper floors of the
building
46. 53. Water Supply and Distribution System Types of the Hot Water Distribution SystemsP
Pump Circuit SystemL For a more efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of
multi-storey buildingsUMBING