International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

Mircostrip Patch Antenna with E Shaped Structure for

S-Band Applications
Nivedita Mishra#1
Department of Electronics and Communication
Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur

Abstract
In this paper, the design parameters and results for a Eshaped rectangular microstrip patch antenna in IE3D
10.0 software is explained and the results obtained from
the simulations are demonstrated. The microstrip patch
design is achieved by using probe feed technique. In
this paper, the double layer approach is used designing
at 3.2mm height, the method to designing is using
mirror image shape of patch on substrate(FR4) for
improving return loss larger impedence bandwidth .any
single structure having no mirror image cannot alter the
performance of simple patch. The two E shaped
structures are used in this work and result is in good
agreement for parameter as return loss, VSWR with
respect of frequency. These antennas has several
application in the todays environment like in s band .In
this paper work structure are used as modified
rectangular microstirp patch antenna structures using
mirror image. In order to evaluate the performance of
proposed antenna, the antenna is simulated and
analyzed or simulation tool IE3D. the analysis of
antenna for physical parameters values as area of
substrate, height of substrate ,area of patch an ground
has been done by varying one of them and achieving
improve result of performance.
Keywords Bandwidth, Rectangular Microstrip
patches Antenna (RMPA), Return Loss, VSWR,
Resonant frequency.

1. INTRODUCTION
In the recent world ,the demand for low
weight ,cheap ,low profile and efficient antennas is
increasing microstrip patch antenna are more popular
for meeting these requirement in several applications.
The main problem encountered with these such kind of
patch antennas is high value of return loss and smaller
impedence bandwidth but theses problem can be solved
by using some new designing approaches. The research
presented in this paper is primarily concerned with the
impedance bandwidth, return loss and the voltage
standing wave ratio of the antenna. All the rectangular
microstrip patch antennas can be modelled on the easily
available FR4 substrate. For designing the resonant
antenna, microstrip patch antenna type is selected but it
offers narrow impedance bandwidth. For covering the

desired frequency band, the printed microstirp patch

antenna type is selected which covers the almost entire
band of the interest with the best return loss and the
voltage standing wave ratio. The reason behind
selecting the circle microstrip patch antenna type for
replacing the rectangular microstrip patch antenna is an
antenna will have a increases gain and impledance
matching is increases. Aim of this thesis is to design
appropriate microstrip patch antenna for larger
impedance bandwidth, lower return loss and lesser
VSWR for S band applications. Mirror image technique
at substrate height 3.2 mm is to be investigated for
patch antenna design at S band frequency range.The
research presented here is primarily concerned with the
impedance bandwidth, return loss and the voltage
standing wave ratio of the antenna. All the rectangular
microstrip patch antennas can be modeled on the easily
available FR4 substrate. For designing the resonant
antenna, microstrip patch antenna type is selected but it
offers narrow impedance bandwidth. For covering the
desired frequency band, the printed microstirp patch
antenna type is selected which covers the almost entire
band of the interest with the best return loss and the
voltage standing wave ratio.

2. SIMULATION OF PROPOSED ANTENNA

STRUCTURE
The geometry of the proposed antenna is shown in
fig1 (a). A rectangular patch of dimensions Lenght x
Width separated from the ground plane using substrates
a foam substrate (r1) of thickness h1. The E-shape is
located of the patch. The location of the slots on the
patch can be specified by parameter width. The width
and length of the slots are denoted by W and L. The
rectangular patch is fed using 50 transmission probe.
The software used to model and simulate the
Microstrip patch antenna is Zeland 10.0 IE3D. IE3D is
a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the
method of moments. It analyzes three demensions and
multilayer structures of general shapes. It has been
widely used in the design of patch antennas, wire
antennas, and other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used
to calculate VSWR, return loss as well as band width.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

Cutting Width (w) and Length (L): The width and

lenght was selected to be 5 mm and 10mm.

2.1 Designing Microstrip Patch Antenna

Step # 01: Calculation of the Width (W)
The width of the Microstrip patch antenna is given
as:

(1)
1
2
C
2

2 Fr ( ) r 1 2 Fr r 1

2.2 Design Methodology

Literature servey
Using the parameters r =4.4, tangent loss=0.02,
h=1.6 mm for simple patch and 3.2mm for modified
microstrip patch.

Substituting c = 3.00e+008 m/s, r = 4.4 and fo = 2

GHz
Step # 02: Calculation of Effective dielectric constant
(reff):
The effective dielectric constant is:

r 1
r 1

ff

2
2

12h
1

Select specified length and width by help of

mathematical formulas

( 2)

Design rectangular microstrip patch antenna

Step # 03: Calculation of the Effective length ( Leff)

The effective length is:
C
(3)
Leff
2 f 0 reff

Simulation of the antenna for band width and return

loss help of ie3d software
Optimization based on simulation results

Substituting Eeff = 4.4, c = 3.00e+008 m/s and fo =

2 GH
Step # 04: Calculation of the length extension (L):

0.264
ref f 0.3
h

( 4)
L 0.412h
W

reff 0.258 0.8

h

Step # 05: Calculation of actual length of patch (L):

The
actual
length
is
obtained
by:
L = Leff- 2L
(5)
Step # 06: Calculation Of VSWR
1 | |
VSWR

1 | |

(6)

Step # 07: Calculation of Return Loss

RL 10log10 dB

(7)

By the Mathematic calculation

Dielectric constant (r): The dielectric material
selected for design has dielectric constant of 4.4. A
substrate with a high dielectric constant has been
selected for reduces the dimensions of the antenna.
Height of dielectric substrate (h): For the rectangular
microstrip patch antenna to be used in cellular
phones,wireless communication. it is essential that the
antenna is not so bulky. Hence, the height of the
dielectric substrate is 1.6mm.

3. DESIGNING OF RECTANGULAR
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
The proposed antenna is shown in figure 1. The
proposed dimension of L(lenght) & W(width) and is
printed on a substrate of thickness h=1.6mm and relative
permittivity =4.4. The print is etched on ground
substrate. The antenna is fed by a 50- microstrip line.
The basic rectangular microstrip line fed printed antenna
design1 is shown in Figure 1.For exciting the operating
frequency at around 2 GHz, the dimension of determined
by Where c is the speed of light, is the effective relative
permittivity and L is the length of Simple Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line is
Shown in Figure 1. A rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is designed for the resonant frequency 2 GHz.
The length of the patch is 35.44mm and its width is
45.65mm. The length of the microstrip line is 32.82mm
which used for the feeding purpose. For the designing of
this simple microstrip patch antenna we took a both
sided copper PCB (printed circuit board). On the lower
side of PCB copper coated field acts as the ground for
this antenna and the on the upper side of the PCB we
designed the different structure patch of giving
dimensions. The whole geometry is simulated and raised
practically using a dielectric substrate of height 1.6mm
and having a dielectric constant 4.4mm. Loss tangent of
the material is 0.02. microstrip feeding technique is used
for providing the feed to the antenna.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

figure 1(a): Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

design this E-shape microstrip patch antenna is use

mirror image designs technique for improving the
performance. Any single structure having no mirror
image can not alter the performance of simple
microstrip patch antenna. The two E-shaped structures
are used in this paper work and the results are in good
agreement. E shape which can lead to a good impedance
matching. Fig.2 shows the geometry of the proposed
rectangular microstrip patch antenna respectively. As
shown in Fig.2, the rectangular microstrip patch antenna
has a compact dimension of 45.64 mm x 35.14 mm
(Width x Lenght), designed on FR4 substrate with
thickness of 3.2 mm and dielectric constant (r) of 4.4.
The antenna is fed by a microstrip line of 5 mm cut
width and 10mm cut depth. The probe is used 50
microstrip line printed on the partial grounded substrate
with resonance frequency of 2GHz.
The modified ground plane acts as an impedance
matching element to control the impedance bandwidth
of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Whereas Ws
means width of antenna and Ls means length of antenna.
By selecting these parameters to design, the proposed
antenna can be tuned to operate in the 2 GHz frequency.
The simulation results in this paper are obtained from
Zeland IE3D 10.0 simulation software.

Figure1(b): Simulation Results of Return Loss of

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

Fig2 Modified microstrip patch antenna1

Figure 1(C): VSWR for Simple Patch Antenna

3.1. Geometry & Designing
In this paper, a small compact E shape
rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented. To

3.2 Return Loss & VSW

The inset feed used is designed to have an inset
cutting depth of 10mm, feed-line width of 5mm and
feed path length of 36mm. A frequency of 2 GHz is
selected and 151frequency points are selected over this
range to obtain accurate simulated results.
The center frequency is selected as the one at which
the return loss is minimum. The bandwidth of the
antenna can be said to be those range of frequencies

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

over which the RL is greater than -10 dB (10 dB

corresponds to a VSWR of 1 which is an acceptable
figure). Using IE3D, the optimum feed depth is found to
be at Yo = 13.2mm where a RL of -32.01 dB is obtained.
a centre frequency of 2 GHz is obtained.
This technique is confirmed by the simulation result
shown in Fig. 2. the effect of E slots to the antenna
performance. From the graph, at frequency of 2 GHz,
the S11 reaches -34dB and VSWR(voltage standing
wave ratio) is 1.031. The bandwidth enhancement is due
to much more vertical electrical current achieved in the
patch through the E shape resulting in much regular
distribution of the magnetic current in the slots. Fig.
shows the simulated current distribution of the proposed
microstrip patch antenna at 2 GHz frequency.
The simulation results, and patch antenna prototype
was fabricated and tested. In this patch antenna
prototype measurements are done by using a coaxial
port which is soldered at the bottom edge of microstrip
line in thr microstrip patch antenna. However, some
differences in the simulated and measured results are
measured and perform easyly.

Fig 2(b) simulation results of VSWR 2

3.3 simulated Results

In order to evaluate the performance of the
proposed rectangular microstrip patch antenna, the
antenna is simulated through the simulation tool IE3D
10.0. The analysis of the microstrip patch antenna for
physical parameter values has been done by varying one
of them parameter and keeping others as constant. It is
carried out here to important study the flexibility in
designing this of double layer patch antenna.

Fig2(a) simulation results of return loss 2

Figure 2(c) Radiation Pattern of modified 1

rectangular microstrip patch antenna

Figure 2(d) Smith chart for modified microstirp patch

antenna 1

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

4. CONCLUSION
The proposed antenna structure has been
simulated using Zelands IE3D simulator. Figures of
obtained results show the variation of return loss with
frequency for the simulated microstrip patch antenna. In
the process, the resonant frequencies for which
minimum return loss occurs for various designs after the
successful simulation of the proposed antenna and then
a comparison is done between various simulated
responses. In the design of simple RMPA, it shows
result of return loss which is-26db and VSWR is 1.141
and modified rectangular microstrip patch antenna, it
shows result of return loss which is -34db and VSWR is
1.031 .After this, it has been observed that design of
modified antennas that gives as an improve results. It
has been observed that inspired FR4 dielectric at 1.6
mm and 3.2mm used here for rectangular microstrip
patch antenna reduced the return loss and enhance the
impedance bandwidth significantly.The designing
parameters as VSWR, return loss and impedance
bandwidth are improved using mirror effect of paper
designs.

Aperture coupled Microstrip antenna for WLAN.IEEE

Transaction on Antenna and Propagation, 2005.

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