Cloud Computering

A Seminar Report
Submitted by

Durga Devi.p
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

C.S.E
IN

B. tech

At
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

11/2015

Abstract
In Computer science, cloud computing describes a type of outsourcing of computer services,
similar to the way in which electricity supply is outsourced. Users can simply use it. They do not
need to worry where the electricity is from, how it is made, or transported. Every month, they
pay for what they consumed.
The idea behind cloud computing is similar: The user can simply use storage, computing power,
or specially crafted development environments, without having to worry how these work
internally. Cloud computing is usually Internet-based computing. The cloud is ametaphor for
the Internet based on how the internet is described in computer network diagrams; which means
it is an abstraction hiding the complex infrastructure of the internet. It is a style of computing in
which IT-related capabilities are provided as a service,allowing users to access technologyenabled services from the Internet ("in the cloud") without knowledge of, or control over the
technologies behind these servers.
According to a paper published by IEEE Internet Computing in 2008 "Cloud Computing is
a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached
temporarily on clients that include computers, laptops, handhelds, sensors, etc."
Cloud computing is a general concept that utilizes software as a service (SaaS), such as Web
2.0 and other technology trends, all of which depend on the Internet for satisfying users' needs.
For example, Google Apps provides common business applications online that are accessed from
a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the Internet servers.

 Comparisons

Cloud

computing

is

often

confused

with grid

computing (a

form

of distributed

computing whereby a "super and virtual computer" is composed of a cluster of networked,

loosely-coupled

computers,

working

together

to

perform

very

large

tasks), utility

computing (the packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage are provided
as ameasured service that have to be paid similar to a traditional public utility such
as electricity)and autonomic computing (computer systems capable of self-management)
Many cloud computing deployments are powered by grids, have autonomic characteristics and
are billed like utilities, but cloud computing can be seen as a natural next step from the gridutility model.[8] Some successful cloud architectures have little or no centralised infrastructure or
billing systems at all including peer-to-peer networks like BitTorrent andSkype.
Architecture

The majority of cloud computing infrastructure currently consists of reliable services delivered
through data centers that are built on computer and storage virtualizationtechnologies. The
services are accessible anywhere in the world, with The Cloud appearing as a single point of
access for all the computing needs of consumers. Commercial offerings need to meet the quality
of service requirements of customers and typically offer service level agreements.Open
standards and open source software are also critical to the growth of cloud computing.
Characteristics

As customers generally do not own the infrastructure or know all details about it, mainly they are
accessing or renting, so they can consume resources as a service, and may be paying for what
they do not need, instead of what they actually do need to use. Many cloud computing providers
use

the

utility

computing

model

which

is analogous to

how

traditional public

utilities like electricity are consumed, while others are billed on a subscription basis. By sharing
consumable and "intangible" computing power between multiple"tenants", utilization rates can
be improved (as servers are not left idle) which can reduce costs significantly while increasing
the speed of application development.
A side effect of this approach is that "computer capacity rises dramatically" as customers do not
have to engineer for peak loads. Adoption has been enabled by "increased high-speed
bandwidth" which makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized
infrastructure at other sites.
Providers
Cloud computing is being driven by providers including Google, Amazon.com, and Yahoo! as
well as traditional vendors including IBM, Intel Microsoft and SAP. It can adopted by all kinds
of users, be they individuals or large enterprises. Most internet users are currently using cloud
services, even if they do not realize it. Webmail for example is a cloud service, as
are Facebook and Wikipedia and contact list synchronization and online data backups.
History
The Cloud is a metaphor for the Internet, or more generally components and services which are
managed by others.
5

The underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy expressed his opinion that
"computation may someday be organized as a public utility" and the term Cloud was already in
commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. By the turn of the 21st
century, cloud computing solutions had started to appear on the market,though most of the focus
at this time was on Software as a service.
Amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing when upgrading
their data centers after the dot-com bubble and providing access to their systems by way
of Amazon Web Services in 2002 on a utility computing basis. They found the new cloud
architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements.
2007 observed increased activity, including Google, IBM and a number of universities starting
large scale cloud computing research project,around the time the term started gaining popularity
in the mainstream press. It was a hot topic by mid-2008 and numerous cloud computing events
had been scheduled.
In August 2008 Gartner observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned
hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" and that the "projected shift to
cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant
reductions in other areas".
Political Issues
Clouds cross many country borders and "may be the ultimate form of globalisation".As such it is
the

subject

of

complex geopolitical issues,

whereby

providers

must

satisfy

many legal restrictions in order to deliver service to a global market. This dates back to the early
6

days of the Internet, where libertarian thinkers felt that "cyberspace was a distinct place calling
for laws and legal institutions of its own"; author Neal Stephenson envisaged this as a tiny island
data haven in his science-fiction classic novel Cryptonomicon.
Although there have been efforts to match the legal environment (such as US-EU Safe Harbor),
providers like Amazon Web Services usually deal with international markets (typically
the United States and European Union) by deploying local infrastructure and allowing customers
to select their countries. However there are still concerns about security and privacy for
individual through various governmental levels, (for example the USA PATRIOT Act and use of
national security letters and title II of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Stored
Communications Act).
Legal Issues
In March 2007, Dell applied to trademark the term '"cloud computing" in the United States. It
received a "Notice of Allowance" in July 2008 which was subsequently canceled onAugust 6,
resulting in a formal rejection of the trademark application in less than a week later.
In November 2007, the Free Software Foundation released the Affero General Public
License (abbreviated as Affero GPL and AGPL), a version of GPLv3 designed to close a
perceived legal loophole associated with Free software designed to be run over a network,
particularly software as a service. According to the AGPL license application service
providers are required to release any changes they make to an AGPL open source code.
Architecture

Cloud architecture is the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery
of cloud computing (e.g. hardware, software) as designed by a cloud architect who typically
works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud componentscommunicating with
each other over application programming interfaces (usually web services).
This is very similar to the Unix philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing well
and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting
systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.
Cloud architecture extends to the client where web browsers and/or software applications are
used to access cloud applications.
Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled where metadata operations are centralized enabling
the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to applications or
users.
Key characteristics

Capital expenditure minimized, therefore low barrier to entry as infrastructure is owned

by the provider and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive
computing tasks. Services are typically being available to or specifically targeting retail
consumers and small businesses.

Device and location independenc which enables users to access systems regardless of
location or what device they are using (for example PC, mobile,... etc.).

Multitenancy enabling sharing of resources (and costs) among a large pool of users,
allowing for:

Centralization of

infrastructure

in

areas

with

lower

costs

(e.g. real

estate, electricity)

Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load
levels)

Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-20%
utilised.

Performance is monitored and consistent but can be affected by insufficient bandwidth or

high network load.

Reliability by way of multiple redundant sites, which makes it suitable for business
continuity and disaster recovery, however IT and business managers are able to do little
when an outage hits them. Historical data on cloud outages is tracked in the Cloud
Computing Incidents Database.

Scalability which meets changing user demands quickly, without having to engineer for
peak loads. Massive scalability and large user bases are common but not an absolute
requirement.

Security which typically improves due to centralization of data, increased securityfocused resources, etc. but which raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive

data. Accesses are typically logged but accessing the audit logs themselves can be difficult or
impossible.

Sustainability through improved resource utilisation, more efficient systems and carbon
neutrality.

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Content
1. What is Cloud Computing?
2. Why is it called Cloud Computing?
3. History and Origins
4. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
5. Advantages of Cloud Computing
6. Cloud service models
7. Software as a Service SaaS
8. Platform as a Service PaaS
9. Infrastructure as a Service IaaS
10. Cloud implementation types
11. Conclusion

11

10--12
13--15
16--19
20--21
22--23
24--24
24--24
24--24
24--25
25--29
30

 What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing, is a kind of internet-based

computing, where shared resources and information are provided to computers and other
devices on-demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources.Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users
and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data
centers. It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar
to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is
the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services.
Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud", also focuses on maximizing the
effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple
users but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. This can work for allocating
resources to users. For example, a cloud computer facility that serves European users during
European business hours with a specific application (e.g., email) may reallocate the same
resources to serve North American users during North America's business hours with a
different application (e.g., a web server). This approach helps maximize the use of computing
power while reducing the overall cost of resources by using less power, air conditioning, rack
space, etc. to maintain the system. With cloud computing, multiple users can access a single
server to retrieve and update their data without purchasing licenses for different applications.
The term "moving to cloud" also refers to an organization moving away from a
traditional CAPEX model (buy the dedicated hardware and depreciate it over a period of
time) to the OPEX model (use a shared cloud infrastructure and pay as one uses it).
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Proponents claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid upfront infrastructure
costs, and focus on projects that differentiate their businesses instead of on
infrastructure. Proponents also claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their
applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and
enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business
demand.Cloud providers typically use a "pay as you go" model. This can lead to
unexpectedly high charges if administrators do not adapt to the cloud pricing model.
The present availability of high-capacity networks, low-cost computers and storage devices
as well as the widespread adoption of hardware virtualization, service-oriented architecture,
and autonomic and utility computing have led to a growth in cloud computing.Companies
can scale up as computing needs increase and then scale down again as demands decrease.
Cloud computing has now become a highly demanded service or utility due to the advantages
of high computing power, cheap cost of services, high performance, scalability, accessibility
as well as availability. Cloud vendors are experiencing growth rates of 50% per annum.But
due to being in a stage of infancy, it still has some pitfalls which need to be given proper
attention to make cloud computing services more reliable and user friendly.

13

14

 Why is it called Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a hot topic today. Have you ever stopped and wondered why it's called
"cloud computing"? I mean really, it has nothing to do with meteorology or weather or storms.
So where did the notion of the cloud come from?
A speaker at the OpSource SaaS Summit last week asked the audience this question. Many in
attendance didn't know the answer. I knew the origins pf the term (even though I didn't raise my
hand when the speaker asked). It seems like it would be an interesting bit of trivia share. It
probably isn't the kind of trivia that you can use at a cocktail party - or if you can, you're going to
a completely different sort of party than I am. I think that understanding the term itself, and its
origins is a good way to understand what it is trying to communicate.
The "cloud" in cloud computing harkens back to the early days of network design. In those days,
as today, the role of the network engineer was to design a network that worked properly. A lot of
time and energy was spent understanding what devices were on the network, how the were
connected, controlled, managed - just about everything you can think of. The network being
designed constituted the domain of what was known and controlled. After all, it was being
designed or being described.
Some networks, however, hooked to other networks, or the internet. The network engineers
needed to illustrate this connection as part of their design. However, they did not know all the
details of these networks which were outside of their domain of knowledge. They needed a way
to indicate that there was a network, but also indicate that they weren't trying to describe it, that it
was more than what they knew. They landed on the cloud as a symbol of this unknown domain.

15

In writing this post, I went to Google to look for some sample diagrams. It did not take long at
all to find, even today in 2009, some examples of the cloud being used to indicate an unknown
network or network of networks.
I think this is a good example (found on www.conceptdraw.com) of a modern diagram and
network design software using the cloud to represent the internet. You can see that the network
itself (on the right)( is well documented. All the devices are labeled. The cabling is described.
The network itself isn't important here. What I want to point out is that as soon as you leave the
known network, you hit a cloud. Here there are 3 networks represented as clouds. None of
them are described in any particular detail. Obviously the Phone Network is big and
complicated. As is the Internet. I assume the same about the IP Backbone Network. The cloud
has come to be the accepted representation of a large, unknown network.
Why a cloud? My take is that clouds are opaque and I can't see what goes on inside them. They
are soft and amorphous, they don't have set paths through them. How does a packet move across
the internet? I don't know. I just know that it arrives at its destination. The answer to the
question of how is ... cloudy. I also think that clouds have an easy graphical representation that
made them lend themselves to this notation.
The cloud has come to represent an unknown network in general. With the rise of the internet as
a factor in digital communication and connectivity, it has been the leading example of the cloud
for the last many years. If any network was a cloud, the internet most certainly is.
This brings us full circle now to "cloud computing". If the cloud represents the internet, then
cloud computing becomes Internet Computing. And that is indeed what it is. Computing that is
hosted out in a place far away from my known and defined and controlled network. Cloud
16

computing takes place out on someone else's network, and I don't have all the details of how it is
set up or how it works. I don't manage it or control it. I don't have the ability to touch it even if I
want to. It lives in the cloud, and I have to use the cloud to get to it. So to my customers. After
all, the cloud is just a big network.
Amazon even named their cloud computing solution the "Elastic Compute Cloud" (EC2). That
is:

Elastic - it is stretchable and scalable and can grow like elastic

Compute - it is computers

Cloud - its on the internet, the big cloud, and it operates as cloud in that I don't design or
control it like I would equipment that I own. It is unknown to me... I don't have to care about
how to manage it or set it up. I just works according to the design specified.
Knowledge is power. I've just given you a little piece of new knowledge. Use the power wisely.

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 History and Origins

Origin of the term

The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear. The expression cloud is commonly used in
science to describe a large agglomeration of objects that visually appear from a distance as a
cloud and describes any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given
context. Another explanation is that the old programs that drew network schematics surrounded
the icons for servers with a circle, and a cluster of servers in a network diagram had several
overlapping circles, which resembled a cloud.
In analogy to above usage the word cloud was used as a metaphor for the Internet and a
standardized cloud-like shape was used to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to
depict the Internet in computer network diagrams. With this simplification, the implication is that
the specifics of how the end points of a network are connected are not relevant for the purposes
of understanding the diagram. The cloud symbol was used to represent networks of computing
equipment in the original ARPANET by as early as 1977, and the CSNET by 1981 both
predecessors to the Internet itself.
The term cloud has been used to refer to platforms for distributed computing. In Wired's April
1994 feature "Bill and Andy's Excellent Adventure II" on the Apple spin-off General
Magic, Andy

Hertzfeld comments

on

General

Magic's

distributed

programming

language Telescript that:

"The beauty of Telescript [...] is that now, instead of just having a device to program, we now
have the entire Cloud out there, where a single program can go and travel to many different
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sources of information and create sort of a virtual service. No one had conceived that before. The
example Jim White [the designer of Telescript, X.400 and ASN.1] uses now is a date-arranging
service where a software agent goes to the flower store and orders flowers and then goes to the
ticket shop and gets the tickets for the show, and everything is communicated to both parties."
References to "cloud computing" in its modern sense appeared as early as 1996, with the earliest
known mention in a Compaq internal document.
The popularization of the term can be traced to 2006 when Amazon.com introduced the Elastic
Compute Cloud.
The 1970s
During the mid-1970s, time-sharing was popularly known as RJE (Remote Job Entry); this
terminology was mostly associated with large vendors such as IBM andDEC.IBM developed
the VM Operating System (first released in 1972) to provide time-sharing services via virtual
machines.
The 1990s
In the 1990s, telecommunications companies, who previously offered primarily dedicated pointto-point data circuits, began offering virtual private network (VPN) services with comparable
quality of service, but at a lower cost. By switching traffic as they saw fit to balance server use,
they could use overall network bandwidth more effectively.They began to use the cloud symbol
to denote the demarcation point between what the provider was responsible for and what users

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were responsible for. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover all servers as well as the
network infrastructure.
As computers became more prevalent, scientists and technologists explored ways to make largescale computing power available to more users through time-sharing. They experimented with
algorithms to optimize the infrastructure, platform, and applications to prioritize CPUs and
increase efficiency for end users.
The New Millennium: 2000s
Since 2000 cloud computing has come into existence. In early 2008, NASA's OpenNebula,
enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first opensource software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds.In the
same year, efforts were focused on providing quality of serviceguarantees (as required by realtime interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS
European Commission-funded project, resulting in a real-time cloud environment. By mid-2008,
Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of
IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them" and observed that "organizations
are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based
models" so that the "projected shift to computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products
in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."
Microsoft Azure became available in late 2008.
In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an open-source cloud-software
initiative known as OpenStack. The OpenStack project intended to help organizations offer
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cloud-computing services running on standard hardware. The early code came from
NASA's Nebula platform as well as from Rackspace's Cloud Files platform.
On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the IBM SmartCloud framework to support Smarter
Planet.Among the various components of the Smarter Computing foundation, cloud computing is
a critical piece.
On June 7, 2012, Oracle announced the Oracle Cloud.While aspects of the Oracle Cloud are still
in development, this cloud offering is poised to be the first to provide users with access to an
integrated set of IT solutions, including the Applications (SaaS), Platform (PaaS), and
Infrastructure (IaaS) layers.

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 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

Cloud technology is in the news quite often these days, but it still seems to be mysterious and
confusing to the non-techie crowd. Cloud options are enticing various industries across the
board, which is why its important to know its essential characteristics as a software offering.
Here are the five main characteristics that cloud computing offers businesses today.

On-demand capabilities: A business will secure cloud-hosting services through a cloud host
provider which could be your usual software vendor. You have access to your services and
you have the power to change cloud services through an online control panel or directly with
the provider. You can add or delete users and change storage networks and software as
needed. Typically, you are billed with a monthly subscription or a pay-for-what-you-use

scenario. Terms of subscriptions and payments will vary with each software provider.
Broad network access: Your team can access business management solutions using their
smartphones, tablets, laptops, and office computers. They can use these devices wherever
they are located with a simple online access point. This mobility is particularly attractive for
businesses so that during business hours or on off-times, employees can stay on top of
projects, contracts, and customers whether they are on the road or in the office. Broad
network access includes private clouds that operate within a companys firewall, public

clouds, or a hybrid deployment.

Resource pooling: The cloud enables your employees to enter and use data within the
business management software hosted in the cloud at the same time, from any location, and
at any time. This is an attractive feature for multiple business offices and field service or
sales teams that are usually outside the office.

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o Rapid elasticity: If anything, the cloud is flexible and scalable to suit your immediate
business needs. You can quickly and easily add or remove users, software features, and
other resources.
o Measured service: Going back to the affordable nature of the cloud, you only pay for
what you use. You and your cloud provider can measure storage levels, processing,
bandwidth, and the number of user accounts and you are billed appropriately. The amount
of resources that you may use can be monitored and controlled from both your side and
your cloud providers side which provides transparency.
The cloud introduces many options to your IT department and services that can improve
productivity, cut IT expenses, and improve both profitability and customer services.

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing offers your business many benefits. It allows you to set up what is essentially a
virtual office to give you the flexibility of connecting to your business anywhere, any time. With
the growing number of web-enabled devices used in today's business environment (e.g.
smartphones, tablets), access to your data is even easier. There are many benefits to moving your
business to the cloud:
Reduced IT costs
Moving to cloud computing may reduce the cost of managing and maintaining your IT systems.
Rather than purchasing expensive systems and equipment for your business, you can reduce your
costs by using the resources of your cloud computing service provider. You may be able to
reduce your operating costs because:

the cost of system upgrades, new hardware and software may be included in your
contract

you no longer need to pay wages for expert staff

your energy consumption costs may be reduced

there are fewer time delays.

Scalability
Your business can scale up or scale down your operation and storage needs quickly to suit your
situation, allowing flexibility as your needs change. Rather than purchasing and installing

24

expensive upgrades yourself, your cloud computer service provider can handle this for you.
Using the cloud frees up your time so you can get on with running your business.
Business continuity
Protecting your data and systems is an important part of business continuity planning. Whether
you experience a natural disaster, power failure or other crisis, having your data stored in the
cloud ensures it is backed up and protected in a secure and safe location. Being able to access
your data again quickly allows you to conduct business as usual, minimising any downtime and
loss of productivity.
Collaboration efficiency
Collaboration in a cloud environment gives your business the ability to communicate and share
more easily outside of the traditional methods. If you are working on a project across different
locations, you could use cloud computing to give employees, contractors and third parties access
to the same files. You could also choose a cloud computing model that makes it easy for you to
share your records with your advisers (e.g. a quick and secure way to share accounting records
with your accountant or financial adviser).
Flexibility of work practices
Cloud computing allows employees to be more flexible in their work practices. For example, you
have the ability to access data from home, on holiday, or via the commute to and from work
(providing you have an internet connection). If you need access to your data while you are offsite, you can connect to your virtual office, quickly and easily.

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Access to automatic updates

Access to automatic updates for your IT requirements may be included in your service fee.
Depending on your cloud computing service provider,your system will regularly be updated with
the latest technology.This could include up-to-date versions of software, as well as upgrads.

Cloud service models

o Software as a Service (SaaS).
The capability provided to the consumer is to use the providers applications running on a cloud
infrastructure2. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin
client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The
consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network,
servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible
exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
o Platform as a Service (PaaS).
The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumercreated or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and
tools supported by the provider.3 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the
deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting
environment.

26

o Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other
fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary
software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage
or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,
and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g.,
host firewalls).
Cloud implementation types

Public Cloud

Public clouds are made available to the general public by a service provider who hosts the cloud
infrastructure. Generally, public cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and Google own
and operate the infrastructure and offer access over the Internet. With this model, customers have
no visibility or control over where the infrastructure is located. It is important to note that all
customers on public clouds share the same infrastructure pool with limited configuration,
security protections and availability variances.
Public Cloud customers benefit from economies of scale, because infrastructure costs are spread
across all users, allowing each individual client to operate on a low-cost, pay-as-you-go model.
Another advantage of public cloud infrastructures is that they are typically larger in scale than an
in-house enterprise cloud, which provides clients with seamless, on-demand scalability. These
clouds offer the greatest level of efficiency in shared resources; however, they are also more
vulnerable than private clouds.
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A public cloud is the obvious choice when:

Your standardized workload for applications is used by lots of people, such as email.
You need to test and develop application code.
You need incremental capacity (the ability to add compute resources for peak
times).
Youre doing collaboration projects.

Private

Private cloud is cloud infrastructure dedicated to a particular organization. Private clouds allow
businesses to host applications in the cloud, while addressing concerns regarding data security
and control, which is often lacking in a public cloud environment. It is not shared with other
organizations, whether managed internally or by a third-party, and it can be hosted internally or
externally.
There are two variations of private clouds:
1.

On-Premise Private Cloud: This type of cloud is hosted within an organizations own
facility. A businesses IT department would incur the capital and operational costs for the
physical resources with this model. On-Premise Private Clouds are best used for
applications that require complete control and configurability of the infrastructure and
security.

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2.

Externally Hosted Private Cloud: Externally hosted private clouds are also exclusively
used by one organization, but are hosted by a third party specializing in cloud infrastructure.
The service provider facilitates an exclusive cloud environment with full guarantee of
privacy. This format is recommended for organizations that prefer not to use a public cloud
infrastructure due to the risks associated with the sharing of physical resources.

Undertaking a private cloud project requires a significant level and degree of engagement to
virtualize the business environment, and it will require the organization to reevaluate decisions
about existing resources. Private clouds are more expensive but also more secure when compared
to public clouds. An Info-Tech survey shows that 76% of IT decision-makers will focus
exclusively on the private cloud, as these clouds offer the greatest level of security and control.
When is a Private Cloud for you?
You need data sovereignty but want cloud efficiencies
You want consistency across services
You have more server capacity than your organization can use
Your data center must become more efficient
You want to provide private cloud services

Hybrid

Hybrid Clouds are a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that
remain unique entities but are bound together offering the advantages of multiple deployment
models. In a hybrid cloud, you can leverage third party cloud providers in either a full or partial
29

manner; increasing the flexibility of computing. Augmenting a traditional private cloud with the
resources of a public cloud can be used to manage any unexpected surges in workload.
Hybrid cloud architecture requires both on-premise resources and off-site server based cloud
infrastructure. By spreading things out over a hybrid cloud, you keep each aspect of your
business in the most efficient environment possible. The downside is that you have to keep track
of multiple cloud security platforms and ensure that all aspects of your business can
communicate with each other.
Here are a couple of situations where a hybrid environment is best:
Your company wants to use a SaaS application but is concerned about security.
Your company offers services that are tailored for different vertical markets. You
can use a public cloud to interact with the clients but keep their data secured
within a private cloud.
You can provide public cloud to your customers while using a private cloud for
internal IT.

Community

A community cloud is a is a multi-tenant cloud service model that is shared among several or
organizations and that is governed, managed and secured commonly by all the participating
organizations or a third party managed service provider.

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Community clouds are a hybrid form of private clouds built and operated specifically for a
targeted group. These communities have similar cloud requirements and their ultimate goal is to
work together to achieve their business objectives.
The goal of community clouds is to have participating organizations realize the benefits of a
public cloud with the added level of privacy, security, and policy compliance usually associated
with a private cloud. Community clouds can be either on-premise or off-premise.
Here are a couple of situations where a community cloud environment is best:
Government organizations within a state that need to share resoures
A private HIPAA compliant cloud for a group of hospitals or clinics
Telco community cloud for telco DR to meet specific FCC regulations

Cloud computing is about shared IT infrastructure or the outsourcing of a companys

technology. It is essential to examine your current IT infrastructure, usage and needs to
determine which type of cloud computing can help you best achieve your goals. Simply, the
cloud is not one concrete term, but rather a metaphor for a global network and how to best utilize
its advantages depends on your individual cloud focus.

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Conclusion
Cloud Computing is the fastest growing part of network based computing . It Provides
tremendous benefits to customers of all sizes: simple users, developers, enterprises and all types
of organizations.

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