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Mooring & Anchoring

With the aid of a diagram, draw a ship showing all the basic mooring line
used in berthing to a wharf, and describe how each of these lines assist to
keep the vessel in position.

Head line

Forward
breast line

Forward
spring

Aft spring

Aft breast
line

Stern line

Holds the
bow in and
assists the
back spring
to hold the
ship from
moving aft

Keep the ship

alongside
tight against
the wharf

Stops the
ship from
moving
forward

Stops the
ship from
moving aft

Keep the ship

alongside
tight against
the wharf

Holds the
stern in and
assists the
forward
spring to
hold the ship
from moving
forward

With the aid diagrams describe how the forces of interaction by a passing
ship affects the moored vessel alongside a wharf.
When a ship passes close to a ship moored fore and aft, the interaction
between the vessels will often cause the moored vessel to range on her
moorings. Hence the moorings need to be kept taut.

Surge astern

Surge ahead

2
Stern
repelled

What is the difference between a Panama Lead and a Roller Fairlead? Use a
diagram to assist with your description.

What are the Pedestal leads and what is its purpose?

Pedestal leads are single, horizontal rotating rollers mounted on a pedestal to
lead lines at the correct angle and height onto a winch drum or drum end.

List six hazards/safety issues associated with mooring operations

- Do not stand in the bight, coil of loop of ropes
- Do not stand over lines that are under tension or may come under
tension
- Keep clear of lines under tension and beware of the snap back zone.
Have an emergency escape plan for things that might go wrong
- Beware of slips, trips and falls due to hydraulic fluid leakage from
machinery and flake lines
- Avoid sharp rope bends and sharp angled surfaces as it will weaken the
rope
- Do not place synthetic and wire ropes on the same bits or pass them
through the same fairlead as the wire rope will cut the synthetic rope

With

Never leave a winch operating unattended

Check drum ends and winches are clear before operating
Do not get too close to bitts or drum ends when tensioning a line
the aid of a diagram, describe the snap back zone of a parting

What is the most common type of anchor that is carried on-board modern
ships?
Stockless anchor
What is the difference between a windlass and capstan?
With a windlass, the gypsie rotates around a horizontal axis
With a capstan, the gypsie rotates around a vertical axis
What is a windlass?
It is a machinery on the forecastle that is used for anchor work. It has drum
ends known as warping drum to assist with mooring operations.
By what means is the gypsie connected to the rotating part of the windlass
when retrieving the anchor?
By means of the dog clutch
With regards to anchor operation, what is a shackle?
It is a shot of chain 27.4 metres in length
By what means are length of anchor chains joined together?

By means of the special shackle called the kenter link

How is the 2nd shackle of an anchor chain marked?

The kenter link is painted in white or red and the two chain links either side
of the kenter link is painted white. Seizing wire or a hose clamp is also placed
on the stud of the second link away either side form the kenter link.

Name the parts of the anchor arrangement below

Brake

What is the meaning of the following terms?

Anchor A-Cockbill
The anchor is lowered clear of hawse pipe and hanging vertically just clear of
the waterline
Anchor aweigh
When heaving up, the anchor has just cleared the sea bed (bottom)
Brought up
Vessel is riding to her anchors with the cable holding her in position
Clearing anchors/Clearing away the anchor
All sea lashings are removed with the anchor riding on the brake
Dragging anchor
The vessel is dragging the anchor over sea bed due to strong tide, wind,
heavy weather or not enough cable out
Render cable
The brake is applied gently so that the weight comes on the cable, it will run
out slowly
Snub cable
Stop the cable running out quickly by using windlass brake
Surge cable
Let the cable run free, not using brake or windlass motor
Trail anchor
Drag the anchor just below the waterline to wash mud off the anchor
Up and down
The anchor is lifting vertically out of the water
Veer cable
Pay out cable under power
Weighting anchor
Heaving the anchor in and bringing it up to the hawse pipe
Short stay
The anchor cable is growing out of the hawse pipe, close to vertical
Long stay
The anchor cable is growing out of the hawse pipe, close to horizontal

In step order, list the procedure for preparing an anchor for letting go
1. Briefing with the master or mate
2. Establish communication
3. Request power to the windlass and lighting at night
4. Ensure the brake is on the gypsie
5. Clear away the anchor remove covers from hawse pipe and spurling
pipe, remove the devils claw/chains/guillotine, clear bow stopper
6. Ensure the cable in locker is free of obstruction
7. Ensure the dog clutch is disengaged and brake is holding holding the
gypsie
8. Report to the bridge that the anchor it ready for letting go
In step order, list the procedure for weighing anchor
1. Briefing with the master or mate
2. Establish communication
3. Request power to the windlass and lighting at night
4. Request water on deck and place jet down the hawse pipe
5. Ensure the brake is on the gypsie
6. Test the motor out of gear
7. Engage the dog clutch in tight and take the weight of the cable
8. Release the brake
9. Report to the bridge that you are ready to commence heaving in on the
anchor cable
10.
Report to the bridge the grow of the cable
11.
When directed by the master, commence heaving. Ring the bell
each time a shackle is brought on-board
12.
Constantly report to the bridge the grow of the cable
13.
Report to the bridge or rapidly ring the bell when the anchor is
aweigh. Bring the anchor ball down/anchor lights off and navigation
lights on
14.
Heave the anchor home into the hawse pipe and screw on the
brake hard
15.
Disengage the dog clutch, relieving the pressure first using the
windlass motor
16.
When ordered by the bridge, secure the anchor with all sea
lashings (devils claw and guillotine) and replace covers on the hawse
pipe and spurling pipe
Under what circumstances would you make your anchor ready for letting go?
In situations for entering or leaving harbour, in restricted waters, channels,
busy waterways in pilotage waters
List the safety precautions you would take for anchoring operations
- Keep the working area free of grease
- Ensure the working area is well lit at night, and keep a torch handy

Wear safety boots, helmet, safety glasses to prevent eye injury from
flying debris
Do not stand in the direct line to the anchor chain as it comes out of
the chain locker
Do no operate machinery unless you are familiar with the controls
Ensure good communication and agree as to hand signals to be used
Always follow instructions from the bridge
Look over the side before letting go the anchor to ensure there are no
small vessels below the anchor