Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
HANOI -2014
The thesis work has been completed at: Ha Noi University of Mining
and Geology
Principal Advisors:
1) Professor, Doctor of Science. Mai Thanh Tan
2) Dr. Le Tuan Viet
Judge 1: Associate Professor, Doctor. Pham Huy Tien
Judge 2: Dr. Nguyen Huy Quy
Judge 3: Dr. Cu Minh Hoang
INTRODUCTION
The necessity
Song Hong Basin is complex sedimentary basin, including several
tectonic elements with different oil and gas potential. The VPIIDENMITSU (2005-2007) project has confirmed non-marine dual
petroleum system (lacustrine and fluvio-deltaic) in the Song Hong
basin by advanced geochemical analysis. Due to no oil source rock
correlation, the characterization of petroleum system in the
Northeastern offshore Song Hong basin has yet to be confirmed.
In 2008, the oil discovery by 106-HR-1X has proven the
hydrocarbon potential of the Pre- Cenozoic carbonate basement Play.
Next well 106-HR-2X was drilled through the oil reservoir bearing in
the Pre Cenozoic carbonate basement and penetrated a thick shale.
It is a questionable that this Pre- Cenozoic shale is a new source
rock. Well 107-PL-1X drilled in 2013 in the rich organic source area,
and has the same structural trend as 106-HR prospects. However the
well was dry. Other latest exploration wells have discovered gas
condensate with heavy H2S and CO2 polluted in the reservoir fluid.
These facts show many issues have to resolved such as the quality
and distribution of source rocks, or which risk factor of geological
parameters in the petroleum system have affected the results of
exploration in the area of Northeastern (NE) offshore Song Hong
basin.
10700
between
km2
PVN
was
and
signed
ATI
Hong
Basin
Formation
(E2c);
(iv)
1
(N1 th);
Hung
(vii)
Formation
Vinh
Bao
S.Hong
Phong Shelf:
Nghe
undifferentiated
considered region.
[CCOP, 2000]
modeling
can
to
analyze
four
basic
reservoir, seal and the overlying rock layer with the combination of
three processes are: the formation of oil and gas traps, the oil and gas
generation, migration and conservation of oil and gas after trapped.
2.5. Geological risk assessment
The purpose of risk assessment in petroleum system analysis is to
estimate the probability of discovery prior to drill of a prospect/play.
The probability of discovery is defined as the product of the
following major probability factors, each of which must be evaluated
with respect to presence and effectiveness. According to CCOP risk
assessment guideline, the 04 factors are: Reservoir (P1), Trap (P2),
Petroleum charge system (P3), and retention after accumulation (P4).
10
(2.1)
Where
P: Probability of discovery oil and gas (or probability of
simultaneous occurrence of the events associated with each
independent)
P1: The probability of the presence of reservoir rock includes: i)
P1a: Probability of existence of reservoir facies; ii) P1b: Probability
of effectiveness of the reservoir
P2: The probability of the presence of a trap includes: i) P2a the
probability of presence of the mapped structure and ii) P2b the
probability of effective seal mechanism for the mapped structure
P3: The probability factor for the petroleum charge system
includes: i) P3a the probability of effective source rock and ii) P3b
the probability of effective migration
P4: Probability of effective retention of HC in the prospect after
accumulation.
Tab.2.1: Probability of
existence of reservoir facies
11
(2.2)
12
rock is able to generate mixture oil and gas and have reach maturity
level.
Figure 3.1a: Plot HI and Tmax by Figure 3.1b: Plot (S1 + S2 mg/g)
the structural zonnation in the and
TOC%
by
structural
13
well ENRECA 3
14
Oleanane/C30Hopane vs
15
16
(a)
(a)
(b)
Figure 3.9 Gas
(b)
Figure 3.8: Gas chromatography-
chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry (GCMS) of
106-HR-1X
17
(3.1)
(3.2)
Chapter 4
DISTRIBUTION OF SOURCE ROCK AND POTENTIAL
ZONNATION IN THE OFFSHORE NORTHEART SONG
HONG BASIN
4.1. Oligocene sediment distribution and evolution
On the basis of seismic data and results of latest wells, Phd
student have participated to re-interprete some seismic lines at VPI
workstation. Results of biostratigraphic studies are used to identify
and interprete the seismic reflection surface include:
+ Top Kainozoic basement
+ Top Lower intra- Oligocene (U500)
18
107-TPA-1X
supposedly
was
drilled
to
19
Oligocene (U300-Bstm)
Bstm)
The chronostratigraphy chart of seismic line 89-1-100 represents
at early stage of basin formation, a series of grabens and half grabens
filled by Oligocene sediment in the Eastern area of block 106. At
about 28 Ma in this area had experienced a compression phase
resulting in local cockle, inversion that lead to erode a big volume of
sediment during approximately 5 million years. On this line shows
the area of lakes reduced during period from Early Oligocene to Late
Oligocene.
On line 89-1-36a shows initially there some grabens development
in the area of Northwest block 102-106. These lakes are smaller than
that lakes developed in the Eastern part of block 106. During stage of
deposition, whole area was not be affected by Late Oligocene
compression phase. Sediment were supplied and filled up the
grabens.
On line 89-1-54 shows a large volume of sediment filled up the
grabens in the Southwest block 102 that resulted in strong subsidence
20
21
petroleum
of
the
offshore
in
table
22
.
4.3. Risk assessment and potential zonnation
The results of seismic interpretation and mapping represent the
carbonate buried hill potential traps still remain in the study area.
They locate in the shallow water of northwest edge of block 102
(Tien Lang), in the Kien An and Chi Linh host, Thuy Nguyen half
graben, and South Bach Long Vi trough. All these structures are
close to the drilled wells. Review detaily results of drilled wells are
able to identify risk factors that will improve process risk analysis in
the study area. The analysis is performed on the assessment of the
involved geological processes and the facts of geological time.
Geological processes are firstly started with the formation of the
reservoir rock, next is the formation of a closed trap in relation to the
maturity of source rock, HC migration from source rocks to reservoir
rocks, the accumulation of HC in the trap and eventually progresses
after trapping and accumulating of hydrocarbons contained in it. The
main goal is just to know where is the location has above mentioned
factors are favorable or unfavorable to oil in carbonate basement play
and determine the value of probalilities.
Based on the guidance of
CCOP,
04
factors
are:
geological
reservoir
to
estimate
the
23
basin
24
25
26