UNIT

1:
1.A) Explain the terms:i. Significant figuresii. Conformity.(b) How are random e
rrors analyzed? Explain them with examples.(c) Explain about true RMS voltmeter.
[6+5+5]2.(a) Explain the functioning of a potentiometer type digital voltmeter.
(b) A 3
1/2
digit of DVM has an accuracy of 0.5 percent of reading 1 digit.i. What is the po
ssible error in volt, when the instrument is reading 5.00 V on the 10 Vrange?ii.
What is the possible error in volt, when reading 0.1 V on the 10 V range? [8+8]
3. a) List out some important features like, operating and performance character
istics of digital voltmeters.(b) With the help of a neat block diagram explain t
he principle of operation of a ramptype digital voltmeter. List out its advantag
es and disadvantages. [8+8]4.(a) Define voltmeter sensitivity. What is the loadi
ng effect of a DC voltmeter? Explainwith an example.(b) In the circuit shown in
figure 1b, two resistors R
1
and R
2
are connected to a 100V dcsource. If the voltage across R
2
is to be measured by voltmeters having.i. a sensitivity of 1000 /V andii. a sens
itivity of 20,000/V, then find which voltmeter will read the accurate value of v
oltage across R
2
. Both the meters are used on the 50V range.5.(a) Explain the functioning of a p
otentiometer type digital voltmeter.(b) A 31/2 digit of DVM has an accuracy of
+0.5 percent of reading
+1 digit.i. What is the possible error in volt, when the instrument is reading 5.
00 V on the 10 Vrange?ii. What is the possible error in volt, when reading 0.1 V
on the 10 V range? [8+8]6.(a) Explain with a neat block diagram of a dual slope
digital voltmeter.(b) A dual slope integrating type of A/D converter has an int
egrating capacitor of 0.1microfarad and a resistance of 100k.ohms connected. If
the reference voltage is 2V, andthe output of an integrator is not to exceed 10V
, what is the maximum time referencevoltage? [6+10]

7.(a) Explain the following terms:i. Accuracyii. Error iii. Linearityiv. Precisi
on.(b) Discuss the main difference between accuracy and precision.(c) Explain th
e operation of peak responding voltmeter. [8+4+4]8.(a) How does a basic d'Arsonv
al movement converted into multi range volt meter.Explain it using a neat diagra
m.(b) A basic d'Arsonval movement with an internal resistance R
m
=50W and full scalecurrent Ifsd = 0.5mA is to be connected to a multi range DC v
oltmeter with voltageranges of 0-10V, 0-50V, 0-250V and 0-500V. Show the arrange
ment with the help of neat diagram with values of resistances used. [8+8]9.(a) C
ompare and contrasti. Successive approximation type of DVMii. Dual slope type of
DVM(b) Prove that in case of dual slope integrator the clock accuracy is not go
ing to affectthe measurement accuracy. [8+8]10. (a) Draw the basic circuit of an
a.c. voltmeter using rectier and d'Arsonval movementand explain its working.(b)
Convert the given d'Arsonval meter to an a.c. voltmeter whose coil resistance is
250 and full scale deflection current of 1mA. The applied a.c. voltage is 0-250V
.Calculate ohms/volt of the a.c. voltmeter. Show the circuit arrangement. [8+8]1
1.
(a) What is meant by voltmeter sensitivity? Explain its relevance in circuitappl
ications. What is meant by loading effect? What circuit arrangement is done toav

oid the same.(b) It is desired to measure the voltage across the 100K resistor i
n the circuit given below. Two voltmeters are available for this measurement. Vo
ltmeter 1 with asensitivity of 1000/V and voltmeter 2 with a sensitivity of 20,0
00/V. Both meters areused on their 50V range. Calculatei. the reading of each me
ter ii. error in each reading, expressed as a percentage of the true value. [8+8
]12.(a) State the advantages of a DVM over an analog meter.(b) What are the oper
ating and performance characteristics of a Digital voltmeter andhow are they cla
ssified?(c) Explain the operating Principle of a Ramp type DVM. [4+6+6]

UNIT
2:
1.a) What is meant by arbitrary waveform? Discuss with a neat block diagram thew
orking of a arbitrary waveform generator.(b) Distinguish between a random patter
n and video pattern generators. Discuss aboutimportant features of both. [8+8]2.
(a) With respect to construction and circuit configuration, explain how a square
wavegenerator differs from sine wave generator.(b) With a neat block diagram di
scuss about an AF sine wave generator. [8+8]3.(a) With neat diagrams, discuss ab
out fixed and variable AF oscillators.(b) Describe the following terms related t
o signal generators:i. Random Noiseii. Arbitrary waveformiii. sweep generator. [
10+6]4.(a) What are the precautionary measures to be taken in a signal generator
application?(b) Discuss in detail about RF signal generators operation. [8+8]5.
(a) Explain briefly the operation of single Op Amp square wave generator.(b) Do
you prefer a linear relationship or nonlinear relationship with respect to thech
arging of a capacitor in generating the triangular wave? If so why? [8+8]6.(a) W
ith the help of a block diagram explain the principle of operation of a function
generator.(b) With a neat diagram explain the working of an RF signal generator.
[8+8]7.(a) What are the precautionary measures to be taken in a signal generato
r application?(b) Discuss in detail about RF signal generators operation. [8+8]8
.(a) Draw the block diagram of a function generator and explain its operation.(b
) With a neat diagram discuss the operation of a pulse generator. [8+8]9.(a) Wha
t are the precautionary measures to be taken in a signal generator application?(
b) Discuss in detail about RF signal generators operation. [8+8]