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(Rule 8, (a))
(Rule 8, (a))
(Rule 8, (a))
(Rule 8, (a))
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(Rule 8, (a))
Her course
Her speed
Her bearing
Her distance
Her CPA
Her TCPA
Her bow pass
(Rule 8, (b))
(Rule 8, (b))
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Rule 8, (b))
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Rule 8, (b))
Disadvantages
Unless drastic, not easily apparent from another vessel (especially
on the radar
They take more time to materialize even when stopping and
applying reverse propulsion
In the open sea, the engines are not on stand-by
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Rule 8, (b))
Rule 8, (c))
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Rule 8, (c))
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Rule 8, (c))
Close-quarters situation
on the radar screen
Ships in the striped area
may be considered as being
potentially dangerous
In open sea:
2 3 miles in restricted visibility
depending on size and speed
abt. 1 mile when in sight of one
another
In narrow channels:
Vessels will inevitably pass closer to
one another
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Rule 8, (c))
Privileged vessel
did not alter course
Consecutive alterations of 10 or
less may seem visible on your
vessel (the give-way vessel) but not
on the other vessel (the privileged
vessel)
They will also create a doubt on the
privileged vessel whether the giveway vessel is really taking sufficient
avoiding action
The privileged vessel will also
hesitate whether to apply Rule 17 (a)
(ii) or (b)
Rule 8, (c))
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Rule 8, (c))
Privileged vessel
did not alter course
Privileged vessel
did not alter course
At night, the give-way vessel should alter course so that on the privileged vessel,
first, both sidelights become visible and finally the red sidelight only
Remark: Shown situations are only examples. Every situation must be considered
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in accordance with the actual circumstances. HIC AT NUNC (Here and Now)
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Small alterations of course and/speed are less visible (especially on the radar)
and must be avoided
Small alterations of course and/or speed may even increase the risk of collision
and end in a close-quarters situation
A change of course is usually more effective:
For a vessel sighted ahead or fine on the bow
For a vessel approaching on Sb at a reasonable distance
To avoid an overtaking vessel which fails to keep out of the way
Small alterations of course may be confused with the yawning of the vessel
A change of speed is usually more effective:
If it is a radical alteration
For a vessel approaching from abeam or near the beam (thus far from the
bow)
A change of course and speed are usually necessary:
For vessels close to one another
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Rule 8 (d)
Rule 8 (d)
Rule 8 (d)
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Rule 8 (d)
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Rule 8 (d)
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Rule 8 (d)
Rule 8 (e)
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Rule 8 (e)
Rule 8 (e)
Seek advise with the Chief Engineer and consult the engines
manual
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Rule 8 (e)
Too often officers hesitate or take too long to carry out an engine action
On most vessels moving at full speed ahead, a certain time will elapse
before the engines may be reversed. Vessels with variable pitch propellers
are an exception
On a vessel of abt. 50.000 dwt, and a speed of abt. 15 knots:
When the engines are stopped, she will still cover abt. 26 miles
When the engines are reversed she will still cover abt. 10 miles
A tanker of abt. 200.000 dwt at 16 knots may need:
20 minutes to halve her speed after stopping the engines
One hour to stop the vessel with engines stopped
Abt. 25 minutes to stop the vessel with engines full astern
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Rule 8 (e)
DO NOT FORGET:
That the frictional resistance of the hull in the water, is directly
proportional to the square of the speed
This means that the last miles will take much longer than the first miles to
bring the vessel to rest
When carrying out a crash stop
The rudder looses its effect when the engines are stopped
Your ship will have swung abt. 90
You can also stop your ship with a Rudder Cycling Stop
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Rule 8 (e)
Rule 8 (e)
Rule 8 (e)
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Rule 8 (e)
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Not to impede the passage means that a vessel shall not hamper, hinder
or obstruct the passage of another vessel
Some vessels like vessels proceeding in a narrow channel, sailing vessels,
fishing vessels, deep draught vessels, etc. often cannot maneuver at liberty
or take avoiding action and hence, they should not be impeded in their
activities or in their conditional status
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By day
At night
In restricted visibility
Whether vessels are in sight or not
Whether a vessel is only detected on radar
Etc.
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Shall be effective
Made early
Be apparent to the other vessel
With regard to existing dangers to navigation
That the necessary signals shall be given
The new course shall be followed without
yawing
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