THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORKS

AND COMMUNICATIONS

Name : Loke Chun Yinn

Form : 4 Mahir
I/C Number : 981128 43 5531
Names of Group Members :

Teachers Name : Pn. Siti Noor

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information from
one point to another inside the network. The information could be stored on a device, such as
a personal computer in the network, it could be generated live outside the network, such as
speech, or could be generated by a process on another piece of information, such as
automatic sales transactions at the end of a business day. The device does not necessarily
have to be a computer; it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a printer on the network.
Due to a large variety of information to be moved, and due to the fact that each type of
information has its own conditions for intelligibility, the computer network has evolved into
a highly complex system. Specialized knowledge from many areas of science and
engineering goes into the design of networks. It is practically impossible for a single area of
science or engineering to be entirely responsible for the design of all the components.
Therefore, a study of computer networks branches into many areas as we go up from
fundamentals to the advanced levels.
1.0 MOBILE COMPUTING
1.1 Definition
Mobile computing is a form of humancomputer interaction where a computer is
expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing has three aspects:
mobile communication, mobile hardware and mobile software. The first aspect
addresses communication issues in ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as
communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies. The
second aspect focuses on the hardware, i.e. mobile devices or device components. The
third aspect deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications.

2.2 Specification, services and frequencies of mobile computing

(Based on 1 product)
NAME :
Apple
Iphone 5S

SPECIFICATION

SERVICES

PICTURE :

UMTS ( universal mobile telecommunications system)\

GSM ( global system for mobile communication)
HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access)
Bluetooth 4.0
WIFI 802.11 a
CDMA 800
FDD LTE : 2100 MHZ
Bluetooth
Lost Device Tracking
Wifi hotspot
GPS (global position system)
Offline maps
4G-LTE Fast network speed
Safari
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FREQUENCIE
S

UMTS: 850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz

GSM : 850 , 900 , 1800 , 1900 MHz
FDD LTE : 700 , 800 , 800 , 850 ,900 , 1700/2100 , 1800 1900 ,
2100 MHz
Wifi : 802.11 a , b , g , n , n5GHz

2.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES

2.1 VoIP
PICTURE:

Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a

methodology and group of technologies for
the delivery of voice communications and
multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol
(IP) networks , such as the Internet . other
terms commonly associated with VoIP are
IP telephony , Internet telephony , voice
over broadband (VoBB) , broadband
telephony , IP communications , and
broadband phone services .

2.2 BLOG
PICTURE:

EXPLANATION:
A blog (web log or weblog) is one of the
popular activities on the Internet. Most of
these blogs are publicly shared and the
authors frequently update the content on a
regular basis.
A blog is usually referred to the text
produced by the author about his or her
thoughts, experiences or interests.
The world of blogging is referred as
blogosphere. Another new term is the
blogonomics, which refers to people using
the blogosphere to generate money.
The posts to a blog are usually arranged in
this order, the most recent entries will
always be on top of the journal.
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3.0 TYPES OF NETWORK

3.1 PAN
PICTURE:

EXPLANATION:
A personal area network (PAN) is
the interconnection of information
technology devices within the range
of an individual person, typically
within a range of 10 meters. For
example, a person traveling with a
laptop, a personal digital assistant
(PDA), and a portable printer could
interconnect them without having to
plug anything in, using some form
of wireless technology. Typically,
this kind of personal area network
could also be interconnected without
wires to the Internet or other
networks.

3.2 VPN
PICTURE:

EXPLANATION:
A virtual private network (VPN) extends a
private network across a public network, such
as the Internet. It enables a computer to send
and receive data across shared or public
networks as if it is directly connected to the
private network, while benefiting from the
functionality, security and management policies
of the private network.[1] A VPN is created by
establishing a virtual point-to-point connection
through the use of dedicated connections,
virtual tunneling protocols, or traffic
encryptions.

3.3 WLAN
PICTURE:

WLAN
AWLAN
provides
wireless
network
communication over short distances using radio
or infrared signals instead of traditional network
cabling.
A WLAN typically extends an existing wired
local area network. WLANs are built by
attaching a device called the access point (AP)
to the edge of the wired network. Clients
communicate with the AP using a wireless
network adapter similar in function to a
traditional Ethernet adapter.

3.4 WIMAX
PICTURE:

This system is actually coming into being

right now, and it is called WiMAX.
WiMAX
is
short
for
Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access, and
it also goes by the IEEE name 802.16.
WiMAX has the potential to do to
broadband Internet access what cell phones
have done to phone access. In the same way
that many people have given up their "land
lines" in favor of cell phones, WiMAX
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could replace cable and DSL services,

providing universal Internet access just
about anywhere you go. WiMAX will also
be as painless as WiFi -- turning your
computer on will automatically connect you
to the closest available WiMAX antenna.In
this article, we'll find out how WiMAX
works, what engineers are doing to make it
better and what it could mean for the future
of wireless Internet.
4.0 CONCLUSION
International Journal of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (WCMC) , a peerreviewed open access journal published bimonthly in English-language, aims to foster a
wider academic interest in this fast moving field, and publishes a wide range of researches
on the R&D communities working in academia and the telecommunications and networking
industries with a forum for sharing research and ideas In addition, papers on specific topics
or on more non-traditional topics related to specific application areas, are encouraged.
6.0 REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/wirelessproducts/g/bldef_wlan.htm
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkdesign/g/bldef_pan.htm
http://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-private-network