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UNIT 1 People

page 4

VOCABULARY

Hair: light brown, fair, curly, spiky, short, blond(e),

straight, shoulder-length, dark, long


Weight: thin, fat, heavy, slim, average
Height: petite, average, short, tall
Overall Appearance: well-built, good-looking, attractive,

c. William Shakespeare
page 8

GRAMMAR

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Hes got blond, spiky hair and brown eyes. Hes very
good looking! (picture no. 4)
Shes got shoulder-length, straight black hair and blue
eyes. (picture no. 9)

Present Simple and Present Continuous


1. need (Present Simple), practise (Present Simple),
are meeting (Present Continuous), love (Present Simple),
am looking (Present Continuous)
2. need and love
3. practise
4. am looking
5. are meeting

page 5

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
serious, responsible, generous, sociable, intolerant,
dishonest, reserved, polite, rude, bad-tempered,
enthusiastic, dependable, humorous, cheerful, lively,
outgoing, moody, grumpy, extroverted, introverted

Bridge to Everyday Language


Talking About People

1. c

2. e

3. a

4. d

1.
2.
3.
4.

am trying
isnt hiring
swims
is going

5. do they drive on
6. play
7. are showing
8. Dont you eat

1.
2.
3.
4.

go
is having
Do wear
enjoy

5. doesnt understand; dont like


6. am buying
7. is sleeping
8. are doing; are playing

5. b

Multicultural Europe

page 9

c. London

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1. To examine a persons handwriting, a graphologist needs

about twenty lines of normal writing on a page that has


no lines on it.
2. A person who has got large handwriting might be a bit
arrogant.

1. Do know; does look; is wearing


2. dont understand; want; am having
3. do do; play; am going

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

page 6

READING

1
2

sociable
although
significant
reliable
sceptical

Famous Signatures

pretty, gorgeous, dark, fair, petite

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. b. If a persons writing tends to go in an upward

direction, [he] may also tend to lose his temper


quite easily. (lines 18-21)
2. a. A legible signature means that a person is honest
and reliable. (lines 24-25)
1. Large handwriting
2. Writing in an upward direction
3. Small handwriting

Everyone is waiting for us.


She rarely exercises.
We are staying in a 5-star hotel.
You dont look very well.
Is anybody sitting here?
Do you want some?

do wonder
feels
are saying
is thinking
analyses

6. tells
7. are speaking
8. is
9. thinks
10. work

page 12

page 10

VOCABULARY

WRITING

Appearance and

Pe r s o n a l i t y

1.
2.
3.
4.

shy
stubborn
outgoing
calm

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1, 3, 5

5. polite
6. moody
7. successful
8. cheerful

British / American English

1. smart: elegantly dressed (Brit. English); clever


(American English)
2. mad: insane (Brit. English); angry (American English)

1. True.
2. True.
3. False. Students must be at least 15.

page 13

unattractive, immature,
unsociable, dishonest, impatient,
inconsiderate, disorganised, independent
1. dishonest
2. unattractive
3. sociable
4. considerate

CONNECTORS

5. impatient
6. mature
7. independent
8. disorganised

1. B
2. A

1.
2.
3.
4.

cheerful
stubborn
shy
moody

3. a

1. because
2. and
3. but

LISTENING

4. b
4. so
5. but

Bridge to Speaking
Grammar and Vocabulary
What do you do in your free time?
What are you doing after school today?
How do you usually dress?
What is your best friend wearing now?

Informal Conversations

Conversation 1
Personality (friendly, full of energy)
Conversation 2
Appearance (gorgeous, green eyes and curly black hair)

2
3

1. b

b and c

1.
2.
3.
4.

2. c

page 14

5. sociable
6. unattractive
7. inconsiderate
8. considerate

Chinese New Year

but (line 2)
and (line 4)
so (line 5)
because (line 8)
1. d

page 11

In the opening remarks (paragraph 1).


In the signing off.
In the body of the e-mail (paragraph 2).
In the initial greeting.
In the closing remarks.

Exchange Students

ADJECTIVE PREFIXES

Informal Correspondence

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

2. a

3. a

False. She is here for the summer holidays.


False. He says he would like to meet her.
False. Brian will need a holiday after his cousin leaves.
True.
False. They are in different classes.
True.

page 15

LOOKING BACK

Vocabulary

1
2
3

1. d

2. c

3. b

4. e

5. a

1.
2.
3.
4.

inconsiderate
disorganised
impatient
attractive

5. cheerful
6. independent
7. dishonest
8. mature

1.
2.
3.
4.

slim
gorgeous
outgoing
shoulder-length

5. average
6. shy
7. adventurous
8. stubborn

Grammar

1.
2.
3.
4.

practises
isnt talking
am trying
dont remember

5. visits
6. are cooking
7. is meeting
8. Do like

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

am having
am not writing
makes
talks
isnt meeting

6. dont understand
7. want
8. dont know
9. do think

Writing

1. because
2. but
3. because

4. but
5. and
6. so

UNIT 2 Travel
page 16

Bridge Days

VOCABULARY

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
We often have a bridge day in our country when a public
holiday is either on Tuesday or Thursday, so bridge days are
always on Mondays or Fridays.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Picture 1
London, England: go shopping, visit the Tower of London,

see a show, meet new people, visit a museum, go


sightseeing
Picture 2
Ios, Greece: sunbathe, go water skiing / paragliding, eat at
local restaurants, buy souvenirs
Picture 3
Masai Mara, Kenya: take lots of photos, go on a safari, buy
souvenirs, go hiking
Picture 4
Yosemite National Park, California: go camping, go hiking,
go skiing, take photographs

page 18

READING

1. Its about Madelaine Gierc.


2. She was in Athens, Greece.
3. She picked up a rock that was on a path near the
Parthenon.

1. False. The Greek authorities, on the other hand, didnt


quite see it that way. (lines 7-8)
2. True. the young tourist says she didnt know this was
forbidden. (line 11)
3. False. the many signs at the site which warn tourists
not to touch anything. (lines 10-11)
4. True. A spokesman stated that there are many written
notices, and that their tour guides explain to tourists
that it is against the law to touch anything. (lines 1517)
5. True. she was only fined. (line 20)

1. Madelaine wanted to take a photograph, so she picked


up a rock that was on a path near the temple.
(lines 5-6)
2. According to signs at the Parthenon, it is forbidden to
touch anything. (lines 10-11)

b. The question is whether the Greek authorities perhaps


went a little too far in the case of Madelaine.
(lines 21-22)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

page 17

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Seaside holiday
Sunscreen, swimsuit, money belt, sunglasses, sandals,
wetsuit, snorkel, surfboard, suitcases, camera
Skiing holiday
Sunscreen, sunglasses, jacket, sweatshirt, skis, pocketknife,
first-aid kit, suitcases, camera
Backpacking / camping holiday
Raincoat, swimsuit, money belt, sunglasses, sleeping bag,
tent, hiking boots, water bottles, torch, backpack,
pocketknife, first-aid kit, camera
Sightseeing holiday
Money belt, sunglasses, jacket, sandals, binoculars,
suitcases, camera, sweatshirt

Bridge to Everyday Language


Asking for Information

Traveller: 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11
Person at information desk: 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Traveller:
Can you help me, please?
Information: Certainly.
Traveller:
Is there a direct train to Heathrow Airport
shortly?
Information: Theres a train to the airport in 15 minutes.
Traveller:
What time does the train arrive at Heathrow?
Information: It gets to Heathrow at exactly eleven oclock.
What time is your flight?
Traveller:
My flight is at midnight.
Information: Dont worry. Youve got lots of time.
Traveller:
Where can I get a ticket?
Information: Theres a machine on the platform or you can
go to the counter.
Traveller:
Thanks.

jail
path
warn
forbidden
lucky

Tourism
b. rubbish

page 20

page 22

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

Past Simple and Past Continuous

1. discovered, found, noticed: Past Simple; found has got


an irregular form.
2. were diving, were photographing: Past Continuous.
3. While is followed by the Past Continuous and when is
followed by the Past Simple.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Holidays and Travel

campsite
caravan
bed and breakfast
resort
youth hostel

PHRASAL VERBS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. While our parents were unpacking, Jake and I decided to


explore.
2. Suddenly we realised that we were walking in circles.
3. We continued to walk but we were lost.
4. By the time it was dark, we were getting tired, so we
went to sleep under a tree.
5. When we woke up, we discovered that we were right
next to our campsite.

finished
were doing
didnt come; wasnt feeling
woke up; was raining
were travelling; saw

d. day trip
e. business trip
f. shopping trip

1. round trip ticket (American) / return ticket (British)


2. fortnight (British) / two weeks (American)
page 23

1. had found, had placed, hadnt meant, had done


2. had found
had made
Had left
had been
had stopped
hadnt seen

1. closed; had opened


2. didnt remember; had put
3. hadnt arrived; called

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

went
were
had visited
had
was walking
tripped
fell

a. travel guide
b. travel documents
c. travel expenses

British / American English

Past Perfect Simple

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

set up
checked in
took off
set off
got to

COMPOUND NOUNS

page 21

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

rushed
discovered
had broken
sent
didnt want
heard
hadnt taken

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

travel documents
travel guide
boat trip
day trip
travel arrangements
school trip

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

youth hostels
local restaurants
buy souvenirs
travel guide
trip
set off

To travel with very little luggage.


1. b
2. a

Bridge to Speaking

page 27

Grammar and Vocabulary

LOOKING BACK

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. I went mountain climbing last Christmas.
2. I stayed at a very nice bed and breakfast.
3. I took my sleeping bag, my backpack and a first-aid kit.
4. While I was hiking, I met some nice people.
5. By the end of my holiday I had gone hiking, eaten at
local restaurants and taken lots of photos.
6. I didnt enjoy my holiday because the weather was
awful.

Vocabulary

1. go sightseeing
2. travel expenses
3. buy souvenirs
4. outgoing

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

page 24

WRITING

1
2

A Narrative

Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple


1. The writer and his / her best friend. (paragraph 1)
2. It happened in the famous Lake District two years ago.
(paragraph 1)
3. They had to get to a hospital because the writer broke
his / her arm. (paragraph 4)

1. are meeting
2. play
3. began

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Adverbs of manner

really, quickly, luckily, slowly


Adverbs of degree
very, quite

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

suddenly
badly
completely
a bit
Unfortunately
Luckily

page 26

LISTENING

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1. b
2. a

found
are having
rang
do think
was riding

4. hadnt cleaned
5. was watching
6. was doing
6. had taken
7. is waiting
8. was printing
9. began
10. had already begun

Writing

page 25

6. day trip
7. boat trips
8. considerate
9. travel guide
10. check in

Grammar

ADVERBS

took off
impolite
cheerful
youth hostel
campsite

5. patient
6. travel arrangements
7. organised
8. successful

A Story

Last week
His parents / His parents and sister
A seaside / beach holiday
It rained almost every day.
An old hotel
He went to an amusement park.
3. b
4. a

Popular Destinations

1. Spain, France
2. Australia, Spain
3. Spain, France
6

1. happily
2. but
3. bright
4. suddenly

5. extremely
6. because
7. Luckily

UNIT 3 Sport
6

page 28

VOCABULARY

Competitive sports
1. cycling
3. basketball
5. football
6. tennis
Team sports
3. basketball
5. football
Extreme sports
4. climbing
Outdoor sports
1. cycling
2. walking / hiking
4. climbing
5. football

7. athletics
8. judo
9. volleyball

Customer:

9. volleyball

Can I help you?


Yes, Id like two tickets for Saturdays match.
Where would you like to sit?
In the north stand with the Arsenal fans.
There are seats for 35 and for 50.
Id like the cheaper seats, please.
OK, thats 70.
Heres 100.
And here are your tickets and your change.
Enjoy the match!
Thanks.

Sport in the UK

1. football
2. walking and angling (fishing)
6. tennis
7. athletics
9. volleyball
10. inline skating

page 30

READING

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Competitive sports
swimming, gymnastics, water polo, sailing, rowing, skiing
Team sports
handball, ice hockey, rugby, baseball, cricket
Extreme sports
kite surfing, wake-boarding, free-diving, parachuting
Outdoor sports
mountain biking, rugby, baseball

Cycling: helmet, finish line


Hiking: rucksack, ropes, climb
Basketball: basket, court, run
Climbing: helmet, climb, ropes
Football: kick, run, goal
Tennis: racquet, net, hit, court, run
Athletics: track, run, finish line
Judo: hit, kick
Volleyball: net, hit, court
Inline skating: helmet, rollerblades

1. paragraph II
2 paragraph IV
3. paragraph I
1. True. The goal of parkour is to move forward over,

under or around obstacles as quickly as possible.


(lines 4-5)
2. False. Invented in 1987 by two French teenagers .
(line 11)
3. False. The UK-based parkour website Urban Freeflow
gets 12,000 visitors a day. (lines 12-13)
4. True. Many traceurs have used their skills by working
with film choreographers and stuntmen, appearing in
adverts and films around the world. (lines 14-15)
5. True. people from the age of 8 to 55 are attracted to

this extreme sport. (lines 26-27)

3 1.

Quotation marks are used to signal that this word is


used in a metaphorical way, as traceurs dont really fly
from one building to another.
2. EZ says that people need nerve to do parkour because
its important to have courage and self-assurance to
practise this extreme sport.

go cycling, skating, windsurfing, fishing, swimming


play hockey, football, volleyball
do athletics, gymnastics

page 29

Bridge to Everyday Language


Buying a Ticket

Ticket seller:
Customer:
Ticket seller:
Customer:
Ticket seller:
Customer:
Ticket seller:
Customer:
Ticket seller:

Customer: 3, 4, 5, 7, 9
Ticket seller: 1, 2, 6, 8, 10

1. b
2. a

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

improve
average
skills
avoid
top

Parkour

a. 10 metres
7

page 32

GRAMMAR
Present Perfect Simple
1. Present Perfect Simple: has had, has disappointed;
Past Simple: decided
2. 1. decided
2. has had
3. has disappointed

2
3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

4. already
5. yet
6. just

1. for
2. since
3. for

4. for
5. since

True.
True.
False. A talented athlete also needs to practise.
True.
False. You must be very disciplined to train every day.

COLLOCATIONS WITH VERBS

has lost
has been
has tried; hasnt succeeded
havent spoken
have gone
Has bought

1. ever
2. never
3. yet

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. c
2. d
3. e

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4. b
5. a

broke a record
is entering a competition
keep fit
scored a goal
won the match

page 35

page 33

1.
2.
3.
4.

To change the rules in a situation.

take up
trained
entered
beat

5. win
6. dedicated
7. challenge

Expression 2

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. b
2. a
3. a

4. b
5. a
6. b

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

The swimmer has already / just won a medal.


He has never played this computer game.
Tom hasnt arrived yet.
The boy has just / already had lunch.

1. to cope with difficulties in a cheerful way


3. to be very alert and aware of what is happening

Bridge to Speaking

began
started
has become
have described

Grammar and Vocabulary


POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. This year I am determined to work harder at school.
2. An extreme sport I enjoy watching is snowboarding
because its great fun.
3. I often play football, but Ive never played hockey.
4. A sport Id like to take up is capoeira because people say
its a great combination of sport and dancing.
5. My favourite team sport is basketball.
6. In order to keep fit, I need to do more sport.
7. The best film Ive ever seen is Forrest Gump.
8. Ive always wanted to visit Indonesia, because it sounds
like an interesting place.

has caused
launched
rode
have created

page 34

VOCABULARY

1. a
2. b
3. b

Sport

4. b
5. a
6. a

British / American English

A: draw (n): a lottery / raffle


draw (v): to create a picture with a pen or pencil;
to close (a curtain or blind)
B: tie (n): a long piece of fabric worn around the neck
tie (v): to fasten with a string or rope

page 39

page 36

WRITING

A Biography

His early life is presented first because this biography is


written in chronological sequence.

1. paragraph 1: As a young boy he spent every free minute


on the basketball court.
2. paragraph 2: No (NBA) team was prepared to offer him
a contract but Earl didnt give up.
3. paragraph 3: In 2003, Earl signed a contract with the
Denver Nuggets.

LOOKING BACK

Vocabulary

1. broke the record


2. travel agent
3. go sightseeing

1. False. A runner-up is the person who comes second in a


competition.
2. True. In a draw, neither side wins.
3. True.
4. True.
5. False. A youth hostel is cheaper / less expensive than a
hotel.
6. False. A challenge is usually difficult.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CONNECTORS OF SEQUENCE

by the time (line 2), first (line 6), then (line 6), after (line
7), before (line 10), eventually (line 10), finally (line 14)

page 37

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. Then
2. At first / In the beginning; later / eventually / then
3. before

a
d
f
b

5. g
6. c
7. e

LISTENING

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.

An Interview

Questions 3, 5, 6, 7 and 10.


1. True.
2. False. She has skated since she was nine.
3. False. Skaters try to do more difficult and dangerous
tricks.
4. False. She sees her friends at the weekends.
5. True.

training
determined
shoulder-length
attractive
cheerful

SPEAKING

I am meeting Julie at 8 oclock.


Ive never been to Paris before.
Sandy hasnt heard the news yet.
Ive been in London for two days.
When the lights went out, the show began. / The show
began when the lights went out.
6. I havent been to a football match since 2005.
havent seen
dont smoke
has just left
arrived

5.
6.
7.
8.

had collected
am leaving
were walking
has already had

Writing

6
4

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Grammar

page 38

2
3

talented
scoring a goal
beats
take up
dedicated

4. keep fit
5. mature

Interviewing Your Partner

A. Formal language
B. Informal language
Formal language is used in interviews.

1. after
2. Unfortunately
3. Then

4. so
5. very
6. eventually

Bridge to History
page 40

1. a

2. c

page 41

1. False. From 1948 until 1994, the lives of black,


coloured and Asian South Africans were destroyed by
their countrys policy of apartheid. (lines 3-5)
2. True. His first name was actually Rolihlahla, meaning
troublemaker Mandelas original name turned out
to be almost prophetic. (lines 10-13)
3. True. the South African government declared the
ANC illegal in 1960 ... A few years later, Mandela and
many of his organisations leaders were sentenced to
life in prison. (lines 16-20)
4. False. He refused to give up his political beliefs, even
when his jailers offered to free him if he did. (lines
23-25)
5. False. his release from prison in 1990 represented
the end of apartheid. In 1993, Mandela received the
Nobel Peace Prize. (lines 28-30)

POSSIBLE ANSWER
I think that the governments of some countries have
supported discrimination because if they discriminated
against certain ethnic groups, they would remain in power
longer.

1. c
2. unconquerable soul, my head is bloody but unbowed,
master of my fate, captain of my soul

Extra Challenge
1. b
2. a

10

UNIT 4 The Environment


4. The Freedom Ship is similar to a city because it will have
schools, shops, banks, restaurants, a hospital and a
library (line 25).
5. The Fab Tree Hab is unusual because it is not made of
regular building materials. Instead, it is planted and
grown rather than constructed (lines 31-32).
6. Water will be recycled using rainwater collected on the
roof of the Fab Tree Hab (lines 38-40).

page 42

VOCABULARY

2
3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

smoke: air pollution


toxic waste: land and water pollution
landfill: land and water pollution
oil spill: water pollution
exhaust fumes: air pollution
litter: land and water pollution

1.
2.
3.
4.

smoke, toxic waste, landfill, oil spill


toxic waste, litter, landfill
smoke, exhaust fumes
toxic waste, smoke, exhaust fumes

1. c
2. c

3. b
4. a

5. b
6. b

7. a
8. b

1. Fast Food Cleans Up


2. The Freedom Ship: A Floating City
3. Fast Food Cleans Up

4
5

page 43

Bridge to Everyday Language

GRAMMAR

Sentences asking for directions: 1, 3, 4, 6


Sentences giving directions: 2, 5, 7, 8

Future Simple and be going to


1. ll study: Future Simple
wont be: Future Simple
Are going to stop: be going to

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
Go straight down this street and turn right at the corner.
The bus stop is about 100 metres from here.

2. 1. Are going to stop


2. wont be
3. ll study

Carbon Footprint

c. a way of measuring harm to the environment

1. Ill answer it. (decision at the time of speaking)


2. Mr Smith is going to be in London next week. (future
plans)
3. The train is going to leave in a few minutes. (prediction
when something is obvious)
4. It is going to rain today. (prediction when something is
obvious)
5. It will be fun. (prediction)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

page 44

READING

constantly
attitude
inhabitants
underway
mixture

page 46

Asking for Directions

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

gimmick: an unusual action or idea designed to get


attention
compulsory: obligatory; required by law or an authority
seeds: the small hard part of a plant from which a new
plant grows
plastering: applying plaster (mixture of lime, sand and
water) to the walls and ceilings of a building
1. McDonalds plans to turn its used cooking oil into
biodiesel (lines 5-6). In addition, they are going to buy
soya products only from companies that do not damage
the rainforests (lines 11-12).
2. Biodiesel creates fewer greenhouse gases, so its less
harmful to the environment (lines 7-9).
3. There is a need for alternative places to live because of
overcrowding (lines 16-17).
11

are doing
isnt coming
will get
ll get
am travelling
Are going to stay / Are you staying

page 47

British / American English

1. petrol British; gas American


2. garbage - American; rubbish British
3. dustbin British; trashcan American

Future Continuous and Future Perfect Simple


1. will be installing: Future Continuous
will have increased: Future Perfect Simple
2. 1. will have increased (Future Perfect Simple)
2. will be installing (Future Continuous)

3
4

1. will be visiting
2. will have arrived
3. will have got
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

4. will be living
5. will have finished

will be working
will have finished
will be arriving
will have changed
wont be watching
will have lived

2. c

3. d

4. e

5. f

6. a

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

recycle
international
overpopulated
anti-nuclear
underdeveloped

1.
2.
3.
4.

air pollution
global warming
petrol
environmentally-friendly

To be in a very difficult or dangerous situation.


1. water (the past is over and cannot be changed so
theres no point worrying about it)
2. wind (stop worrying and take a risk)
3. sun (a great number of things)

page 48

1. b

page 49

wont be watching
will be playing
will have ... started
Will ... be doing
wont have finished

VOCABULARY

4. conservation
5. Pollutants
6. deforestation

PREFIXES

1. will have produced 4. are going to start


2. will save
5. will cost
3. will begin
6. will be making
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. chemicals
2. rubbish
3. ecological disaster

The Environment

1. False. The use of alternative energy will protect the


environment.
2. True.
3. False. It is important to protect the environment.
4. True.
5. True.
6. False. People save water when they have a shower
instead of a bath.
7. True.
8. False. It is possible to recycle plastic bottles.

5. save
6. damage
7. pollutants

Bridge to Speaking
Grammar and Vocabulary

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. Clean fuel produced from soya beans doesnt harm the
environment.
2. Everybody should care about environmental issues.
3. If we dont protect the environment, we will damage
our planet.
4. We shouldnt destroy natural resources because we will
need them in the future.
5. Exhaust fumes damage our lungs because they contain
carbon monoxide.
6. The Fab Tree Hab will save a lot of energy.
7. Our country is going to increase the amount of water
that we recycle every year.
8. Every family should recycle glass, paper and plastic.

12

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. This weekend, my friends and I are going scuba diving.
2. In the year 2015, I will still be living with my parents.
3. This time next Saturday morning, I will be playing on
my console.
4. By this time next year, I will have got my licence.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. No, we dont recycle any rubbish at all because my
parents dont actually care about recycling.
2. Yes, of course. Teenagers are really worried about the
environment because we know that if we dont protect
the environment, we will destroy our planet and our
kids will have nowhere to live.
3. The city council should ban private cars from driving
into the city centre and everybody should use public
transport.

page 50

page 52

WRITING

1
2

LISTENING

A Description of a Place

1
2

In the body of the description (paragraphs 2 and 3).


1. body
2. opening
3. opening

4. closing
5. body
6. closing

A Radio Programme

a
1. a

2. c

3. b

Pollution

1. False
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES

3. c

4. a

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. These pictures are different because they show two
different lifestyles.
2. In both pictures we can see cars, buildings and
pedestrians.
3. In picture 1 we see busy people in a city, while in
picture 2 we see people walking in a small town or
village.
4. In picture 1 there are more cars and there must be
more pollution than in picture 2.

LOOKING BACK

Vocabulary

1.
2.
3.
4.

chemicals
travel agent
competitive
destroy

5.
6.
7.
8.

overpopulated
deforestation
rubbish
scored a goal

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

save
keep fit
training
recycle
protecting

6.
7.
8.
9.

determined
environmentally friendly
conservation
global warming

5.
6.
7.
8.

are leaving
had lost
am going to live
met

Grammar

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
fascinating scenery
local parks
amazing entertainment
wide streets
remarkable museums
ancient buildings
sandy beaches
peaceful atmosphere
crowded cafs
well-known place
2. a

Comparing Pictures

page 53

1. crowded / narrow well-known / local


2. crowded
3. ancient / well-known fascinating / amazing
4. trendy / amazing
5. relaxing / fascinating beautiful / sandy
6. luxurious / amazing / remarkable

1. b

2. True

SPEAKING

Paragraph 1
exciting cities
Paragraph 2
amazing variety of entertainment
world-famous sites
trendy clubs
crowded streets
tiring but fun day
local caf
superb restaurant
noisy fast-food place
Paragraph 3
large pond
blue lakes
in the parks wide, open spaces
Paragraph 4
big city
New York is polluted
dangerous levels
Paragraph 5
New York is fantastic

page 51

4. b

1.
2.
3.
4.

will be watching
will help
Have you seen
will have finished

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

When did you buy this car?


Beverly has lived in Manchester for six years.
We are flying to Italy next summer.
Paul has had his driving licence since April.
Clara is going to study medicine next year.
Tomorrow at 5.30, we will be playing volleyball.
By the end of the trip, Andrew had spent all his money.
By the time they go to bed, they will have finished
writing the invitations.

5. c

Writing
13

1. c

2. c

3. a

4. b

5. c

UNIT 5 Communication
page 54

Ringtones

1. False. Since 2003, mobile phone ringtones have outsold


CD singles in the UK. The situation is the same across
Asia and in the USA.
2. True. MTV and others give this award each year.

VOCABULARY

Picture 1 - This girl is chatting online.


Picture 2 - She is speaking on the phone.
Picture 3 - The girl is writing a letter.
Picture 4 - She is sending an e-mail.
Picture 5 - The boy is sending a text message.
Picture 6 - They are having a face-to-face conversation.

page 56

READING

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
We usually have face-to-face conversations, but we also
chat online in the evenings.
I send text messages all the time. In fact, my parents say
that I spend too much money on text messages.
I never write letters to my friends because it takes too
much time. I just send them a text message.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. Sending a text message is less embarrassing and you
can avoid meeting this boy again.
2. Having a face-to-face conversation means you can
support the person who needs your help.
3. Speaking on the phone is faster and also the person
that you want to invite can tell you if he / she is
coming.
4. Having a face-to-face conversation is best because you
can tell that person what you dont agree with and why
you are angry with him / her.
5. Sending an e-mail because they can also send you
more information on the course that you like.
6. Sending a text message means that nobody will
overhear what youre saying about the other person.
7. Having a face-to-face conversation with the manager
is probably best. That way you make sure the manager
knows about the problem.
8. If you get a bad mark, its better to tell your mum on
the phone first.

1. He worked for IBM in the United States (lines 10-11).


2. Globish is a mixture of English and other languages. /
Its a new language (lines 6-7).
3. There are 600,000 entries in a complete English
dictionary (line 18).

b. It [Globish] has developed because of the need for a


new language due to technology and globalisation
(lines 7-8).

There are only 1,500 vocabulary words in Globish,


compared to 600,000 in a complete English dictionary
(lines 17-18).
There are no complicated expressions in Globish (line
20).
In Globish, sentences are short (line 21).

1. True. Nerriere, whose mother tongue is French, found it


was easier to communicate in English with non-native
speakers than with his American colleagues (lines 1112).
2. False. These books will also be translated into English,
so that English speakers will be able to communicate
with the rest of the world (lines 15-16).
3. True. International words like pizza, police, taxi and
helicopter are a central part of Globish (lines 21-22).
4. False. 400 million people speak English as a first
language, and perhaps 750 million as a foreign
language (lines 23-24).

1. They are mentioned in the text because they are


examples of situations where Globish is used as a
means of communication (lines 8-9).
2. The writer thinks that its important to have a common
world language, so Globish will probably continue to
develop (lines 27-29).

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

page 55

1. apologise
2. chat
3. request

4. warn
5. blame
6. complain

Bridge to Everyday Language


Speaking on the Phone

1. Can I take a message?


2. Just a minute.
3. Ill phone back later.

1. Speaking.
2. Ill phone back later.
3. Can I take a message?

standard
analysing
defines
complicated
vital

Languages

4. Just a minute.
5. Its Jess.

b. two every month

14

page 58

page 60

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

Relative Pronouns
1. who / that
2. which / that
3. where

1 1.

who
2. whose
3. which

2
3

1 1.

keep in touch
2. translate
3. fluent

4. whose
5. when

2 1.

body language
2. bad language
3. Sign language

Sentences 1, 3, 5 and 6.
Sentences 3, 5 and 6.

4. foreign language
5. first language
6. official language

British / American English

There are many different sign languages in the world. Most


of them have developed independently and so have different
signs for the same words.

1. Stella works in a factory which makes toys.


2. The course is for people whose mother tongue is not
English.
3. This is the house where he used to live.
4. The police have caught the thief who / that stole my car.
5. 1969 was the year when astronauts first walked on the
moon.

PHRASAL VERBS

3 1.

b
2. a
3. a
4. a

5. b
6. a
7. b

page 61

1. The boy who is in the photo is my brother.


2. The computer program which / that you sold me is
difficult to install.
3. The town where we used to live is quite a large place
now.
4. This is the address of the woman whose dog bit ours.
5. These are the people who / that travelled with us.
6. The day that we got married was beautiful and sunny.

Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses


1. The relative clause in the second sentence adds
essential information to the sentence.
2. A non-defining relative clause appears between
commas.

4. misunderstood
5. mother tongue

COLLOCATIONS WITH NOUNS

4. where
5. which
6. when

page 59

Communication

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

To speak or reply to someone angrily.


1. b
2. a

misunderstanding
translated
official language
mother tongue
pick up
fluent

Bridge to Speaking
Grammar and Vocabulary

1. Debbie, who is travelling in China, speaks three


languages. (non-defining) / Debbie, who speaks three
languages, is travelling in China. (non-defining)
2. Pete and Jill flew to Istanbul, where they met up with
some friends. (non-defining)
3. Ann lost the book that belongs to the school library.
(defining)
4. Where is the magazine which I saw you reading?
(defining)
5. Justin Timberlake, whose music I love, is giving a
concert on Saturday night. (non-defining)
6. Joe will never forget the day when he joined the army.
(defining)

6 1.

who / that
2. which / that
3. which

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. I like people who are honest.
2. I hate films which make me cry.
3. Im fluent in English because Ive studied English since I
was a child.
4. Its easy to get by in a country where you understand
the language.
5. The best day that Ive ever had was when I went to
Sierra Nevada with my friends.
6. My first language is Galician, which is the language my
family speaks at home.

4. where
5. when
6. whose
15

page 62

WRITING

1
2

3
An Opinion Essay

The writer is in favour of learning English.

SPEAKING

Opinions
In my opinion, its obvious that people should learn
English.
I think its essential to learn it [English].

Facts
English is widely used in Hong Kong by people who speak
different native languages.
Its the main language of organisations like the United
Nations. About 80% of the information on the Internet is
in English.
An opinion is a personal view or belief about something,
while a fact is a piece of information for which evidence
exists.

1. Fact
2. Opinion
3. Opinion

4. Fact
5. Opinion
6. Fact

1. curly
2. apologised
3. contact

4. damaged
5. disciplined

1. ignore
2. travel guide
3. foreign language

4. recycle
5. talented
6. destroy

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4. b
5. a

page 64

1
2

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

fluent
translated
get by
cheerful
bilingual

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Ive never been on a ship.


By 8.30, our plane will have taken off.
Jack is going to study acting.
The steak that they serve here is delicious.
The Beatles, who broke up in 1970, are still popular.
Ill take you to the shop where I bought my boots.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Have you ever noticed


who
where
will have become

A Survey

In favour
Speakers 3 and 4
Against
Speakers 1 and 2

1. d
2. c

challenge
care about
increase
misunderstood
pick up

Grammar

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. In addition to studying a foreign language, its a good
idea to take a gap year and travel abroad.
2. As well as text messaging my friends, I chat online with
them every evening.
3. Listening to pop music will improve your English.
Furthermore, its cheap and its fun!

LISTENING

1. The girl is probably calling for help because her car has
broken down.
2. A young couple are sitting at a restaurant. The man is
talking on his mobile phone. The girl looks annoyed.
3. Its late and one woman, who looks worried, is calling
her friend because she hasnt arrived yet.
4. A student is hiding behind a book and using his mobile
phone to send a text message.

Vocabulary

In addition (paragraph 3)
Furthermore (paragraph 3)
and (paragraph 4)

1. a
2. b
3. b

Expressing an Opinion

LOOKING BACK

page 63

3. Speaker 4
4. Speaker 1

page 65

CONNECTORS OF ADDITION

1. Speaker 3
2. Speaker 2

5.
6.
7.
8.

when
whose
agree
who

Writing

6
3. a
4. b

16

1. fascinating
2. as well as
3. but

4. luxurious
5. before
6. In addition

UNIT 6 Culture and Customs


page 66

English-speaking Cultures

a. the USA
b. the UK
c. South Africa

VOCABULARY

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
The man is confused because this town / city looks like the
towns / cities in his own country, as so many of the shops
and restaurants are the same. The cartoon is saying that
because of globalisation, countries are losing their
individuality - people in different countries around the
world now eat the same food, wear the same clothes, buy
the same furniture and so on.

READING

Canada America
Peru America
Switzerland Europe
France Europe
Ireland Europe
Israel Asia

Holland Europe
Nigeria Africa
Turkey Europe / Asia
Kenya Africa
Russia Europe
China Asia

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Canada Canadian
Peru Peruvian
Switzerland - Swiss
France French
Ireland Irish
Israel Israeli

Holland Dutch
Nigeria - Nigerian
Turkey Turkish
Kenya Kenyan
Russia - Russian
China - Chinese

1. The sirens signalled the start of the governments new


campaign (lines 2-3).
2. The writer defines Peruvian time as arriving for an
appointment up to an hour late (line 7).
3. The writer mentions former president Alejandro Toledo
to show that this is a problem involving people on all
levels (lines 11-14).
4. The current government thinks that arriving late is bad
manners (lines 19-20).
5. Peruvian time has a bad effect on the economy and
might discourage foreign investors (lines 21-23).

1. English and Gaelic


2. Italian
3. English and French

4. Spanish
5. Arabic

Most Peruvians think they are punctual, but only 3%


believe that other Peruvians are punctual too.
(lines 33-35)

7. c
8. b

1. b. All citizens, not just public officials, must change


their attitude (lines 27-28).
2. c

The writer doesnt think the campaigns goals will be easy


to achieve because the text says, he [President Garcia]
has still got a long road ahead of him (lines 31-32).

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. a
2. b

3. a
4. a

5. a
6. c

page 68

page 67

Bridge to Everyday Language


Expressing Likes and Disllikes

Positive
She loves Indian food; I dont mind Chinese; Im mad about

English fish and chips.


Negative
I cant stand curry; Kate hates it; Im not keen on pizza.

7
8

1. hate / cant stand


2. dont mind
3. love

The Peruvian government


Peruvians
the lack of punctuality
Alan Garcia
Alan Garcia

bothers
appointments
abroad
tolerate
promoting

English-speaking Cultures

c and d

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Im mad about pizza but Im not keen on vegetables. To be
honest, I really hate them.
Im not keen on Spanish music. Actually, I prefer foreign
singers such as Justin Timberlake and Eminem.

17

page 70

page 72

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

Modals

1. judge
2. adapt
3. respect

2
3

1. b

1. 1. might
4. must
2. be able to / can 5. may / might
3. might
2. need to (must), ought to (should), have to (must),
could (might)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

ought to (advice / possibility)


might (probability)
couldnt (lack of ability past)
May (asking for permission)
cant (certainty that something is impossible)
mustnt (prohibition)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

cant find (lack of ability present)


couldnt sleep (lack of ability past)
might go (possibility)
dont have to leave (lack of obligation)
must / should apologise (obligation / advice)
must / might be (certainty / possibility)

1.
2.
3.
4.

She must wear a helmet.


You mustnt cross the road.
Can / Could you pass the salt?
May I use a calculator?

2. a

1. diverse
2. appropriate
3. rude

Culture

4. offend
5. stereotype

3. c

4. e

5. d

4. conservative
5. offensive

Culture Capitals

Madrid (1992), Santiago de Compostela (2000) and


Salamanca (2002)
ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

beauty beautiful
fame famous
attract attractive
enjoy enjoyable
magic magical
consider considerable / considerate
terror terrible

page 73
page 71

Modal Perfects
1.
2.
3.
4.

4
5

He could have told me sooner.


They must have accepted his application.
He might have left early.
You should have read your e-mails.

1. b

2. b

3. b

4. a

1. must have (a logical conclusion about a past action)


2. might have (a guess about a past action)
3. couldnt have (certainty that something did not
happen)
4. shouldnt have (regret after an event)
5. should have (regret after an event)
1. can
2. must
3. can

1. appropriate
2. offended
3. multicultural

When you are in a new place or situation, you must


behave as the local people do.
1. Greek
2. China
3. American

4. diverse
5. adapt
6. cultures

Bridge to Speaking
Grammar and Vocabulary
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. This weekend I might not go out because I have to
study for a test.
2. At home I have to tidy my room every week.
3. One of my favourite customs is going to El Roco with
my family.
4. I think its rude to arrive late.
5. Yesterday, I should have apologised to my girlfriend.
6. I must learn how to use a scanner.
7. Living in a multicultural society teaches you to value
other cultures.
8. I cant stand people who dont respect other peoples
opinions.

4. might have
5. should
6. might have

18

page 74

page 77

WRITING

1
2

An Informative Essay

LOOKING BACK

1. Paragraph 2
2. Paragraph 3
3. Paragraph 1

Vocabulary

1
2

1. c
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

True.
True.
False. A culture means many people enjoy it.
False. It is expression through your body movements.
True.
True.
False. It will have a lot of people.
False. It is one of a kind.

1.
2.
3.
4.

mother tongue
adapting
tolerant
get across

CONNECTORS OF CAUSE AND RESULT

Because (paragraph 2)
As a result (paragraph 2)
Connectors of cause are followed by a reason.

page 75

4
5

1. b
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. c

As a result
because
so
Because of
For this reason

2
3

4 1.

might study
2. will be working
3. neednt
4. should have told

A Conversation

a, b, e
1. True.
2. False. He couldnt find a fish and chip shop anywhere in
New York. He bought a sandwich at a deli.
3. True.
4. True.
5. True.
6. False. Harry believes that some things are the same as in
England since they usually wear jeans and a T-shirt to
parties.

SPEAKING

3. a

4. b

5. d

5. respected
6. cultural event
7. diverse

Grammar

page 76

LISTENING

2. e

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

5.
6.
7.
8.

havent seen
couldnt have done
wont have finished
couldnt find

The plane might have left.


This is the secretary whose computer I fixed.
You shouldnt have shouted at your brother.
The book which Im reading is fascinating.
The dog must have eaten all the cake.
You dont have to come.
George cant walk very far because his foot hurts.
I remember the day when your first tooth fell out.

Writing

Giving Advice

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
I think she should visit the Giralda, which is an ancient
tower.
She has to pack shorts and T-shirts because it will be very
hot in August.
She can travel alone, but its better to travel with friends.
It might be a good idea to visit the Cathedral and El
Alcazar Castle.
I recommend travelling on the buses - they are cheap in
Seville.

19

1. so
2. also
3. because of

4. because
5. Therefore
6. Furthermore

Bridge to Literature
page 79

1. Theodoric Volers clothing smelled of horses (lines 4-5).


2. He couldnt get rid of the mouse without taking his
clothes off (lines 11-12).
3. The woman woke up when the mouse jumped out of his
trousers and the blanket fell onto the floor (lines 1617).
4. Theodoric thought the woman had seen him without
his clothes (lines 21-22).
5. The woman needed assistance because she was blind
and couldnt find a taxi at the train station (lines 2830).

1. All of the blood in his body seemed to be in his face,


and then terror replaced his embarrassment.
(lines 22-23)
Like a hunted animal, he threw down the blanket and
put on his clothes. (lines 25-26)
2. The message of the story is that you should never trust
appearances because they may give you a wrong
impression.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. Yes, I agree with this line because nothing really lasts.
The times we think are important dont last - thats
why we shouldnt worry about them so much.
2. People refuse to see that all we do crumbles to the
ground because they dont like to think that their lives
and their possessions arent important.

Extra Challenge
1. c
2. a

20

UNIT 7 Technology
page 80

page 82

VOCABULARY

READING

1
2

3
4

5
6

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
I have used a webcam, an MP4 player and headphones. Id
like to have an iPod. If I had an iPod, I could store a lot
more songs.
a.
b.
d.
d.
e.

CD burner
GPS
laptop
MP4 and iPod
digital camera

f.
g.
h.
i.

webcam
Palm Pilot
USB flash drive
headphones

page 81

3
4

Scanner and wi-fi are the same in Spanish.


The word reset has created the verb resetear in Spanish.
memory (n): (1) the ability of a person to retain
information; (2) the part of a computer in which data is
stored.
virus (n): (1) a germ that causes a disease; (2) a computer
program that damages computers.
mouse (n): (1) a small animal; (2) a hand-held device for
controlling a computer.
crash (v): (1) hit something with great force probably
involving a moving vehicle or aircraft; (2) cause a
computer system to have a sudden and complete failure usually with loss of data.

Bridge to Everyday Language


Asking for Help

Requests for help: 1, 2, 5, 7


Reactions to a request for help: 3, 4, 6, 8

POSSIBLE SITUATIONS
A virus has damaged my computer.
Ive got an exam and I dont understand something.
I argued with my parents and I need to tell a friend.

1. They have both made a lot of money out of this virtual


world (lines 4-6).
2. In traditional games, only one or two people take part,
but in Second Life thousands of people can participate
at the same time (lines 10-12).
3. People can earn money in the virtual world buying or
selling virtual land, or by charging other avatars for
admission to theatres, nightclubs and amusement parks.
(lines 17-19).
4. Real businesses are interested in Second Life because it
has the potential for attracting customers in the real
world (lines 23-24).
5. According to the writer, Second Life will last because
this virtual world already has over 8 million investors
from more than 90 countries (lines 27-29).

1. The money Chris Mead is making per year (line 4).


2. The number of people who log into Second Life regularly
(line 13).
3. The number of people who log into Second Life
occasionally (line 14).
4. The number of Second Life investors (line 28).
5. The number of countries from which Second Life
investors come (line 29).

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

discovered
at once
currency
tremendous
short-lived

Computer Use

False

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Could you give me a hand?
Id love to, but I cant.
Can you help me, please?
All right, but can you wait a minute?
Ive got a problem.
Whats the problem?
I need a favour.
Of course. What is it?
Global Positioning System (GPS)

a and c
21

page 84

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1. False. Computer-literate people know a lot about


computers.
2. True.
3. True.
4. True.
5. False. Its easy to find information on a user-friendly
site.

1. plug in
2. cut off

GRAMMAR
First and Second Conditionals
1. 1. If you phone by 10th April, you will receive a 10%
discount!
Unless a minimum of 10 students register, the
course will not open.
2. If you had a GPS, you wouldnt need a map!
2. Advert A (first conditional): the Present Simple is used
in the condition clause, and will + base form in the
result. Advert B (second conditional): the Past Simple is
used in the condition clause, and would + base form in
the result.
3. Could and may can be used to replace will in the result
of a first conditional. Could and might can be used to
replace would in the result of a second conditional.

1
2

1. a
1.
2.
3.
4.

2. b

is
will take
wouldnt make
speaks

3. a

inserted a disc
had highlighted part of a text
access information
click on an icon
make a backup copy
will go online

3. log into
4. Turn on

Google

Text (v): send a text message


Bookmark (v): list the address of a website for quick access
in the future
Skype (v): phone someone via the Internet using the Skype
program

5. would crash
6. wont be able
7. allowed

page 85
PHRASAL VERBS

Third Conditional

1. The Past Perfect Simple is used in the condition clause,


and would have + participle in the result clause.
2. Because the third conditional is always used to
hypothesise about past situations which cannot be
changed.

3
4

1. b

2. b

3. a

4. f

1. e

2. c

3. b

5. a

1. hackers
2. virus
3. crash

To become very angry.


1. a
2. b

4. accessing information
5. go online
6. software

Grammar and Vocabulary


POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. I usually log into entertainment websites.
2. I would set up my own online business if I were old
enough.
3. I use headphones when Im listening to music on the
bus.
4. If I had a webcam, I would be able to see my friends in
real time.
5. Unless I save some money, I wont be able to buy the
iPod that I want.

page 86

Technology

Bridge to Speaking

4. would have charged


5. existed
6. would ... turn

VOCABULARY

4. Turn down
5. switched off
6. turn up

page 87

1. If you had phoned, I would have visited you.


2. If we hadnt discovered an Internet caf, we wouldnt
have sent e-mails to our friends.
3. I would have faxed Sue the letter if she had had a fax
machine.
4. Ben wouldnt have failed his exam if he had studied.
5. If the alarm had gone off, we wouldnt have been late.
1. think
2. will change
3. had been

1. switch off
2. turn up
3. turned down

6. d

22

page 88

WRITING

1
2

2
A For and Against Essay

The writer thinks computer games are a problem.


Disadvantages
About 85% of all the computer games that are sold
contain violence.
Teenagers who spend all their time playing computer
games find it difficult to distinguish between fantasy and
reality.
They dont know how to react in social situations because
they spend little time with friends.
Advantages
Computer games help them [teenagers] to relax after a
long day at school.
Computer games are exciting and are a form of cheap
entertainment.
Some games are educational and teach players how to
focus, concentrate and solve problems.

SPEAKING

However (paragraph 1)
Although (paragraph 2)
On the other hand (paragraph 3)

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. It looks like someone has received a threatening
message.
2. Im sure that theyll fight after school.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. Maybe he wants the other boy to give him some money.
2. It could be that the bully will hit the boy.
3. I suppose the boy is frightened.
4. He should ask someone for help.
5. If I were him, I would run away.

Cyber Crime

a. firewall

British / American English

1. behavior
2. center

Talking About a Picture

CONNECTORS OF CONTRAST

1. False. Most teenagers replied that they chatted,


watched music videos, and sent instant messages and
e-mails.
2. True.
3. False. When the police find out who the bully is, they
make sure his or her ISP Internet Service Provider - is
closed down.
4. False. He believes that if someone gets a frightening
text message or e-mail, he / she should immediately
report it to an adult, such as a parent or a teacher.
5. True.

3. program

page 91

LOOKING BACK
page 89

Vocabulary

1. a
2. a
3. b

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. I never play virtual-reality games on the computer.
However, I would like to try them.
2. I have had a problem with my phone, but I solved it
myself.
3. Its not likely that Ill get a new computer soon.
Nevertheless, I enjoy looking at the latest models.
4. On the one hand, I dont enjoy chatting on the Internet.
On the other hand, I know the Internet is a great tool.
5. I would like to spend more time online, although my
parents think I already spend too much time in front of
the computer.

4. a
5. a

1. b
2. b

1.
2.
3.
4.

5. b
6. a

computer literate
custom
crashes
judge

5.
6.
7.
8.

7. b
8. a

9. b

increases
highlight
rubbish
hacker

Grammar

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

If I pass my exams, I will be very happy.


This is the church where we were married.
Joe couldnt have received my letter.
It might rain tonight.
If I had known he was coming, I would have cooked.

1.
2.
3.
4.

has won
began
had already finished
must have been

page 90

LISTENING

3. a
4. a

A Radio Programme

5. go
6. is concentrating
7. has to

Writing

Cyber crime includes crimes committed using computers,


such as identity theft, credit card fraud and hacking.

5
23

1. a

2. a

3. b

4. a

UNIT 8 Film
page 92

VOCABULARY

1.
2.
3.
4.

horror
action
musical
science fiction

5.
6.
7.
8.

western
animation
romantic comedy
drama

POSSIBLE ANSWER
Student A: How about going to a film tonight?
Student B: Id rather do something else. Why dont we go
bowling?
Student A: I dont think so. I dont want to go bowling
tonight. Lets go to your place and play video
games.
Student B: Sounds great.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
The Cinema

Musical

The Wizard of Oz (1939), My Fair Lady (1964), Chicago


(2002)
Drama
The Godfather (1972), Pulp Fiction (1994), Million Dollar
Baby (2004), Dreamgirls (2006), Alpha Dog (2007)
Science Fiction
Star Wars (1977), Back to the Future (1985), The Matrix
(1999)
Western
Dances with Wolves (1990), The Alamo (2004),
The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005)
Animation
The Lion King (1994), Toy Story (1995), Finding Nemo
(2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007)
Romantic Comedy
Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), French Kiss (1995),
Notting Hill (1999)
Horror
The Shining (1980), Dracula (1992), Grindhouse (2007)
Action
Saving Private Ryan (1998), Gladiator (2000), Pirates of the
Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007)

a. animation
b. drama
c. horror

1. False. France
2. False. Sherlock Holmes has appeared in around 200 films.
Dracula is second with more than 160.
3. True.
page 94

READING

1
2

d. science fiction
e. western

3
funny
hilarious
amusing
humorous

good
excellent
outstanding
superb

bad
awful
dreadful

exciting
thrilling

Bridge to Everyday Language


Making Suggestions

4
5

1. Why dont we
2. How about
3. Lets

1. Freedom Writers is a drama.


2. The students initially thought that she wouldnt be able
to manage their class and that she wasnt going to stay
at their high school (lines 10-12).
3. Gruwell told her students to read the diaries because of
a racial incident in class. She felt that the diaries would
help teach her students about tolerance (lines 16-18).
4. Keeping a personal diary helped the students because it
gave them the opportunity to write about the problems
they face everyday (lines 22-24).
5. Many people in the educational system were surprised
when Gruwells students finished high school and went
to university (lines 26-29).
6. The critic recommends this film because it is described
as an effective drama that is worth seeing (lines 30-32).

POSSIBLE ANSWER
I think Erin Gruwell succeeded in teaching these
unteachable students because she was the first person
who really listened to them rather than tell them what
they had to do. By getting them to write about their
problems, she actually got to know them.

4
5

boring
predictable
dull

page 93

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

unconventional
last
cooperate
chance
authentic

Anne Frank
Positive

Good idea. Fine. Sounds great.


Negative
I dont think so. Id rather do something else.

1. World War II
2. 13 years old
3. Anne died in the Bergen Belsen concentration camp.
24

page 96

page 98

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

The Passive

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. review
2. released
3. starred

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. b

is considered
were photographed
have been invited
will be announced
are being broadcast

1. passive
2. active
3. passive

4. active
5. active
6. passive

1. was made
2. should be celebrated
3. shook

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

4. was written
5. will be served
6. can buy

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

5.
6.
7.
8.

a
b
b
a

4. screened
5. directed

nominated for an Oscar


tells the story of
got rave reviews
has played the part of
based on a novel

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

was awarded
have already been washed
should be given
Is ... considered
will be held
must have been stolen
hadnt been paid

1. disappointed; exciting; interesting


2. amusing; bored
3. thrilled; amazing

British / American English

1. film British; movie American


2. line American; queue British

page 97

b
b
b
a

Film

page 99

English is spoken here.


Furniture will be delivered to your door.
This bridge was built by the municipality in 1975.
Secondhand books are bought here.
All models of cars are repaired at Pauls Garage.
Over 10,000 loans have been given by NFC Bank since
1998!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Which language is spoken in Brazil? (b)


When was the Eiffel Tower built? (c)
Where will the 2014 World Cup be held? (c)
Who has been awarded the most Oscars since 1929? (b)
Where were John Lennon and Paul McCartney born? (c)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

had ... cut


had ... made
are having ... fixed
am having ... painted
had ... framed

1. musical
2. soundtrack
3. plot

To be caught doing something wrong or illegal.


1. To become better organised or more efficient.
2. To participate or take part in something that someone
else has started.

4. box-office hits
5. got rave reviews
6. starring in

Bridge to Speaking
Grammar and Vocabulary

7 1.

was filled
2. were closed down
3. was cut off
4. had their childhood taken

5.
6.
7.
8.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. The best film Ive ever seen was Forrest Gump.
2. It was a drama.
3. The main character was played by Tom Hanks.
4. It was filmed in the USA.
5. The plot was about a man who manages to succeed
even though he isnt very intelligent.
6. The soundtrack of the film was outstanding.

was published
has been translated
is seen
will never be forgotten

25

page 103

page 100

WRITING

1
2

A Film Review

LOOKING BACK

comedy
1.
2.
3.
4.

Vocabulary

1
2

paragraphs 3 and 4
paragraph 1
paragraph 2
paragraph 3

page 101

1. b, c
1.
2.
3.
4.

thrilling
review
released
cast

CONNECTORS OF PURPOSE

3
4

1. so that
2. in order to
3. to

4. so that
5. to

1. so that
2. in order to / to
3. To / In order to

4. to / in order to
5. so that

3
4

5
A Film Recommendation

Positive: 2, 4
Negative: 1, 3

2
3

Julia did but Thomas didnt.


1. a

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. b

6. b

Breaking Records

James Bond, Star Wars, Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings,
Pirates of the Caribbean, Spider-Man, Shrek

SPEAKING

4. a, b

5.
6.
7.
8.

plot
disappointed
crashes
virtual-reality

1. a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

2. a

3. b

4. b

5. b, c

Describing a Film

POSSIBLE ANSWER
The most recent film Ive seen is Enchanted starring Amy
Adams, James Marsden, Patrick Dempsey and Susan
Sarandon. To be honest, I wasnt really interested in this
film but my friends convinced me to go. I didnt expect
much actually but I was really surprised by this exciting
film. Its plot is excellent; it is like a fairy tale. Its worth
seeing because its a fun film. Besides, its got a fabulous
soundtrack.

26

1.
2.
3.
4.

5. a

Newspapers are printed here.


If I were athletic, I could be in the team.
We shouldnt have come here.
We have been invited by Mary.
A new hotel is being built in Leeds.
You neednt apologise.

Writing

page 102

3. a, c

Grammar

in order to enjoy a seaside holiday (paragraph 1)


travelling to Cannes with his son to attend the Cannes
Film Festival (paragraph 2)
so that he can attend the festival (paragraph 2)

LISTENING

2. a, c

However
so
in order to
so that

5. because of
6. Although
7. as well as

UNIT 9 The News


page 104

page 106

VOCABULARY

READING

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
I read the newspaper every day in the morning we get
newspapers like Metro on the way to school. If I werent
given this type of newspaper, I wouldnt read any
newspaper at all.
I usually watch the news while we are having lunch at
home. In my opinion, its a bit boring but Dad says its
important to know whats happening in the world.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
I usually read the sport and local news. I sometimes read
horoscopes and entertainment but I never read classified
ads.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. The text is about camera phones and a new type of


journalism.
2. Paragraph 1: A description of an event involving
Daniel Sanders.
Paragraph 2: A big change is happening in recording of
news because of technology.
Paragraph 3: Negative aspects of using pictures taken
by amateur photographers.
Paragraph 4: Celebrities complaints about amateur
photographers.
Paragraph 5: Its easy to become an amateur
photographer.
3. a. Daniel earned 500 for his pictures.
b. Nokia.
c. Londons Heathrow Airport.
4. his: Daniels
them: pictures taken by amateur photographers
they: the police

1. False. Daniel was working in his Manhattan apartment


when he heard a deafening explosion (line 1).
2. False. With a continually growing number of people
carrying phones equipped with cameras (lines 11-12).
3. True. There is a great demand for these pictures
(line 15).
4. True. Not surprisingly, many celebrities are complaining
about this new form of journalism (lines 19-20).
5. True. The following day the pictures appeared in
Newsday and the New York Daily News. A few days
later, Rolling Stone and magazines and newspapers in
Britain published the pictures, too (lines 25-30).

1. Because of camera phones, the public has become an


active participant in the way news is gathered
(lines 6-7).
2. Newspapers and television (line 16).
3. The writer uses the expression not surprisingly
because it is obvious that celebrities are annoyed, as
they can now be photographed by anybody, anywhere.

Snoop Doggs band is mentioned in paragraph 4 as


an example of an incident in which celebrities were
photographed with camera phones.

5
6

sport
travel
fashion
horoscope

5. weather
6. business
7. classified ads

page 105

Bridge to Everyday Language


Asking for Details

1. b
2. c
3. e

POSSIBLE ANSWER
A: Im phoning about your advert in the newspaper.
B: What would you like to know?
A: Could you tell me more about the bike?
B: Its only two years old and its in very good condition.
A: Why are you selling it?
B: I want to get a newer model.
A: How much do you want for it?
B: I only want 25.
A: OK. Ill get back to you.
B: All right, but dont wait too long as there are more
people interested.

4. a
5. d

Newspapers

b. China

1. deafening
2. gathering
3. continually

4. source
5. supplement

Paparazzi

27

c. Paparazzo was the name of the photographer in the


1960 film La Dolce Vita.

page 108

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Mr Phillips told his son to post those letters.


My mum reminded me to buy some milk that day.
Sam suggested that they meet there in an hour.
Amys dad advised her to hurry up or she would be late.
Carol warned her friend not to tell anybody.
My boyfriend recommended that I buy that shirt.

1.
2.
3.
4.

had lied
to explain
had enjoyed
couldnt stop

GRAMMAR
Reported Speech: Statements and Questions
1. We move the verbs back in time (when the reporting
verb is in the past):
did want had wanted
wanted had wanted
am working was working
am going to be was going to be
hope hoped
will have would have
2. No. A reported question doesnt have the same order as
a direct question because its no longer a question.
We use the conjunction if (or whether) to report yes /
no questions.
3. next year the following year

1. were listening
2. had stopped
3. had rained

1. Sharon told me that she couldnt help me / him.


2. Kevin shouted that they had bought tickets for the
game.
3. My mum warned me that I would hurt myself if I
werent careful.
4. Simon admitted that he had forgotten to feed the cat.

was writing
would soon finish
hoped
would never be

page 110

4. would get
5. was going to buy

VOCABULARY

The Media

1. b
2. a

3. b
4. a

5. b
6. b

7. b
8. a

2
3

1. b

2. a

3. b

4. b

1. broadcast live
2. presents a programme
3. reported the theft

5. c

6. b

4. give an interview
5. hold a press conference
6. report the news / cover a
story

NOUN SUFFIXES

page 109

5.
6.
7.
8.

1. She claimed that she had phoned him / her / me the day
before.
2. She said that she was leaving then / at that moment.
3. They told me that they had once stayed at that hotel.
4. He promised that he would see him / her / me the
following week.
5. Steve told Kate that they had to meet there.

presenter, presentation
entertainer, entertainment
prediction
photographer
actor, action

The BBC

1. b (Spanish is one of the 33.)


2. c
page 111

1. Her parents asked her if she had had a party in the


house that night.
2. Her parents wondered / asked her where the TV was.
3. Her parents wanted to know / They asked how she had
broken that window.
4. Her parents wanted to know what had happened to the
plants.
5. They asked why there were empty bottles on the carpet.
6. They asked her if she could give them an explanation.

1. freedom of the press


2. article
3. journalist

We say No news is good news when we are worried


about something but have not heard any news about it for
some time.

4. reporting the news


5. holds press conferences
6. media

1. You didnt know what you have just been told and you
are rather surprised by it.
2. He will cause you trouble or problems.
3. Tell someone the news (usually bad news).

Reported Speech: Orders / Requests and Suggestions


1. We use the infinitive when reporting orders or requests.
2. When reporting suggestions we use that + subject +
base form of the verb.

28

Bridge to Speaking

page 114

Grammar and Vocabulary

LISTENING

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. I would like to be a journalist because it must be a
fascinating job.
2. I am not really interested in current affairs because I
find politics boring.
3. The types of articles I enjoy the most are about sports.
4. I never read my horoscope in the newspaper because I
dont believe what horoscopes say about you.
5. I always read the classified ads, although you hardly
ever find anything really interesting.

1
2

WRITING

2. d

3. b

1. True.
2. False. An environmental group is trying to convince the
government to improve public transport.
3. True.
4. True.
5. False. The news in detail will be broadcast at eight
oclock.

The first files of this type were playable on the iPod, Apples
portable media player, hence the name Podcast.

A News Report

The basic facts are as follows:


Who: a 54-year-old man, Graziano Cecchini
What: pouring red dye into the Trevi Fountain
Where: Rome
When: 19th October

SPEAKING

1. Paragraph 1 (at Romes Trevi Fountain)


2. Paragraph 3 (no permanent damage had been caused
to the fountain)
3. Paragraph 2 (a charge which carries a sentence of up
to one year in prison)
4. Paragraph 2 (Police identified the suspect as Graziano
Cecchini)

Reporting the News

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Last night there was a serious traffic accident on the A42. Drivers said the accident had happened because of the
horrible weather conditions.
According to a report on the news, scientists have just
discovered a drug to cure AIDS in mice.
It appears that Chelsea intend to sign Barcelona striker
Bojan Krikic. Krikic was asked why he wanted to leave
Barcelona and he said that he was happy in Barcelona and
that he hadnt signed any contract with Chelsea yet.

page 113

page 115

REVIEW OF CONNECTORS

LOOKING BACK

Vocabulary

Addition
in addition

Contrast
although

Cause

Result

because

therefore

Sequence
finally

furthermore however

as a result next

also

so

but
on the other
hand

4. a

Podcasts

page 112

1. c

A News Report

1. c

2. b

Purpose
so that
in order to

4. b

1. e

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

first
then

3. a

1
2

5. a

6. a

29

2. f

1. offend
2. keep in touch
3. exhaust fumes

3. c

4. b

5. a

6. d

4. search engine
5. article
6. body language

False. A headline is printed above an article.


True.
True.
True.
False. A newsflash is about something that has just
happened.
6. False. A critic who does not like a film will give it a bad
review.

Grammar

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sam complained that the service there was terrible.


Our car has been stolen.
My mother ordered me not to disturb my brother.
We could open the window if it werent broken. / If the
window werent broken, we could open it.
5. Kevin asked me whether I had found that DVD in the
library.
6. Was this meal cooked by a professional chef?
7. In my opinion, you should go to bed.
had been discovered
would permit
needed to be
was discovered
had been donated

6.
7.
8.
9.

had taken
would not have believed
are often written
have learned

Writing

1. a

2. b

3. a

4. b

30

Bridge to Geography
page 116

1. China
2. Jordan
3. Brazil
4. Peru

5. India
6. Italy
7. Mexico

page 117

1. A six-year-long campaign led by Bernard Weber


(lines 6-9).
2. The number of votes that were cast over the Internet
and via text messages (lines 17-18).
3. One of the first 21 finalists, although it wasnt in the
group of seven winners (lines 22-25).
4. The only surviving structure from the the original Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World (lines 36-39).
5. Apart from the Great Pyramid of Giza, the original
Seven Wonders of the World were destroyed by fire or
earthquake (lines 39-41).
6. The giant statues of Buddha that were destroyed by the
Taliban in Afghanistan will be recreated using profits
from the contest (lines 42-45).

1. Weber hoped to teach people to protect the worlds


man-made and natural heritage (lines 10-12).
2. POSSIBLE ANSWER
I would suggest Doana National Park in Huelva.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. The song says that technology will control our lives in
the future. I dont agree with the song because I think
that machines will never be as intelligent as human
beings and machines can only do what we tell them to
do.
2. According to the song, we are treating the earth in an
irresponsible way as we are taking everything the
planet can give us but we arent putting anything back.
In fact, we are destroying the world.

Extra Challenge
1. c

2. a

31

PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE
page 133

UNIT 1
2

UNIT 4

1. /G/

5. /O/

2. //

6. /B/

3. /L/

7. /E/

4. /A/

8. /C/

1. cheerful
2. attractive
3. outgoing

4. sociable
5. moody
6. successful

1
2

1
2

1. /X/
3. /W/

2
/X/

/W/

/BX/

caused

stopped

visited

involved

tripped

suggested

happened

checked

decided

1. /A/

1. meet
2. determined
3. decide

page 134
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

2. /i/

7. /a/

3. /i/

8. /i/

4. /a/

9. /b/

1. lang-uage
1.
2.
3.
4.

2. a-ddit-ion

dan-ger-ous
a-pol-o-gise
ig-nore
noi-sy

5.
6.
7.
8.

small; London
meet
repeat
long
skating
worst; ever

32

3. im-po-lite

help-ful
bi-ling-ual
win-dow
diff-i-cult

1. should
2. climb
3. answer

1.
2.
3.
4.

shouldnt
do not
neednt
could have

1.
2.
3.
4.

should not
couldve (contracted form)
mightnt (contracted form)
dont (contracted form)

2. /B/

6. /i/

UNIT 6

UNIT 3

1. /b/

3. /i/

UNIT 5

2. /BX/

2. /b/

5. /b/

UNIT 2
1

1. /a/

4. might
5. know
6. friendly

UNIT 7
1

1. /F/

2. /N/

3. /G/

page 135

/N/
programme
road
suppose

/G/
furthermore
law
cause

/F/
problem
stop
popular

UNIT 8
1

1. strong / weak
2. weak / strong
3. strong / weak

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. rises

strong
weak
strong
weak
weak
2. falls

UNIT 9
1 1. /s/
2 1. /s/
3

3. falls

4. falls

5. falls

2. /h/
4. /s/

2. /h/

5. /s/

3. /h/ /s/

6. /h/

1. weather
2. sports
3. eye

4. world
5. news
6. head

33

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