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Interference Management in LTE

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Introduction

LTE is designed for frequency reuse 1 (To maximize spectrum
efficiency), which means that all the neighbor cells are using same
frequency channels and therefore there is no cell-planning to deal with the
interference issues

There is a high probability that a resource block scheduled to cell edge
user, is also being transmitted by neighbor cell, resulting in
high interference, eventually low throughput or call drops

Neighbor interference can result in radio link failures at cell edge.

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Interference Management
Interference management includes several techniques:
Interference Randomization
Frequency Selective Scheduling (FSS): allocation of resources based on channel quality

Interference Control
Power control (PC): For UL: Open and Closed Loop  Fractional PC  Enhanced PC to
manage interference. For DL: no PC on data channel (evolution: DL PC for VoIP SPS)
IoT control: Closed Loop IoT control for the UL adjusts the UL SINR target based on
interference reports from neighbouring cells

Interference Coordination
Inter-cell Interference Coordination: intelligent resource allocation between various cells
to coordinate interference (ICIC )

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ICIC (Inter-cell interference coordination)

Inter-cell interference coordination is introduced in 3GPP release 8 to
deal with interference issues at cell-edge

ICIC mitigates interference on traffic channels only

One scheme of ICIC is where neighbor eNBs use different sets of
resource blocks through out the cell at given time i.e. no two neighbor
eNBs will use same resource assignments for their UEs. This greatly
improves cell-edge SINR. The disadvantage is decrease in throughput
throughout the cell, since full resources blocks are not being utilized.

In the second scheme, all eNBs utilize complete range of resource blocks
for centrally located users but for cell-edge users, no two neighbor eNBs
uses the same set of resource blocks at give time

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ICIC (Inter-cell interference coordination) (cont.)

In the third scheme (probably the preferred scheme), all the neighbor
eNBs use different power schemes across the spectrum while resource
block assignment can be according to second scheme explained above. For
example, eNB can use power boost for cell edge users with specific set of
resources (not used by neighbors), while keeping low signal power
for center users with availability of all resource blocks

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ICIC- DL Techniques
Power Spectral Density (PSD) mask (static)
Power limitation on freq blocks

Frequency Pattern
green cell

The system bandwidth is split into X

frequency blocks. Some of them are
transmitted with restricted power (e.g.
3dB less). Then, the neighbouring cells can
schedule cell-edge UE on these blocks

Pful
l

b
a

No PDSCH sent

(a) Within Green Cell: Mobile is
scheduled to sub-band 3 with negligible
interference from orange cell

(b) At Green Cell Edge: Mobile is
scheduled to sub-band 2, where orange
cell radiates with lowered power

(c) Handover: Mobile is handed over
from green cell to orange cell

(d) At Orange Cell Edge: Mobile is
scheduled to sub-band 4, where green cell
radiates with lowered power

(e) Within Orange Cell: Mobile is
scheduled to sub-band 3 with negligible
interference from green cell

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Frequency Pattern
orange cell

P
d

e
e

Pful
l

PSD is reported to neighbor cells via RNTP (Relative Narrowband

Tx Power) report on X2 interface

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ICIC- UL Techniques

Portion of the UL bandwidth in each cell is
designated to bear the UL interference from
neighboring cells (Restricted Zone)

Cell edge UEs in a sectors neighbors are
assigned to the restricted zone of that sector

the restricted zone of sector alpha is
shown in green hence the neighbors
assign their edge-cell UEs to the green
PRBs

Restricted
Zone for alpha
IoT

Sector

If the scheduler needs to assign an edgecell UE to PRBs outside the restricted

zone, it can do so but at a reduced UE
transmit PSD level

RNTP (Relative Narrowband Tx Power), HII
(High Interference Indicator), OI (Overload
Indicator) per-PRB quantities exchanged on
X2 interface and UE measurement are taken
into account in case of Dynamic ICIC.

10

11

Sector

10

11

10

11

PRBs

IoT

Sector
1

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Example: soft reuse with

inverted 1/3 reuse pattern

IoT

PRBs
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PRBs

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