Beruflich Dokumente
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Piles Settlement
Prediction
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
9.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
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CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
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Empirical methods
Load transfer methods
III.
IV.
Numerical methods
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IV.
Numerical methods
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S = Ss + Spp + Sps
In which:
Qb = Bearing load at pile tip
Qf = Friction load transmitted by pile shaft
L = Pile length
A = Pile cross-sectional area
Ep = Elastic modulus for pile material
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In which:
Cb= Factor according to table 9.1
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=
.
Table 9.1 Values of Cb:
Soil Type
Driven piles
Bored Piles
Loose to
dense sand
0.02-0.04
0.09-0.18
Soft to stiff
clay
0.02-0.03
0.03-0.06
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Loose to
dense silt
0.03-0.05
0.09-0.12
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)(2-9
60
.
) , ( 2-9 OBH B 15
% 5 .
OAG A
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( %1 ) 10-5
OKCJ
OKCJ
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In which:
b = pile group width,
d = pile diameter,
So = Single pile settlement estimated or determined from load tests.
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to be incompressible
4- Multiply the calculated settlement by 0.8 to account for the rigidity of the
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Figure (9-6)
Figures 9-7 (a), 9-7 (c) and 9-7 (d) may be used to determine the
location of the equivalent raft foundation and to evaluate the resulting
pressure increase in a soil layer. The settlement of each layer is then
calculated using the appropriate settlement equation presented in
Section 9.3.2 for cohesive layers and from the following equation for
cohesionless layers:
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Based upon average energy variation between SPT donut and safety hammers
reported in technical literature, Figure 9-8 now includes a correlation between
SPT N values from safety hammer and bearing capacity index. This
modification should improve the accuracy of settlement estimates with this
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Figure (9-8) Values of the Bearing Capacity Index, C, for Granular Soil
(modified after Cheney and Chassie, 1993)
Figure (9-7-a)
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Figure (9-7-b)
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Figure (9-7-c)
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Figure (9-7-d)
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Figure (4-9)
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1.Consolidation settlements:
For ideal elastic clay, the solution was obtained from an elastic
boundary element analysis (Poulos, 1989).
For a single pile, the consolidation settlement is about 7 % of the
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total settlement.
As the number of piles increases, the proportion of
consolidation settlement also increases.
However, even for the 16-pile group, the proportion of
consolidation settlement is about 15 %.
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Figure (12-9)
(After Poulos 1989).
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Figure (13-9)
(After Poulos, 1990)
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S 0.0).
q For perfectly flexible pile caps, Randolph (1994a) has related the
ratio of differential settlement S to the average group
settlement, Sav, to the aspect ratio R, where:
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