I.

NARRATIVE TEXT
A. Social function of narrative text is to amuse, entertain the reader about the
vicurious experiencess in different ways.
B.

Type of narrative text :

a)
Fable
b)
Fairly tale
c)
Legend
d)
Myth
e)
Folk tale

C.

Generic structure
a)
Orientation
Introduction into characters or partisipans and also the setting
b)
Complication
The rising of problems
c)
Resolution
The problem is solved for better or for worse
d)
Reorientation
In the ending of the story

D. Language features
a)
Past tense : long time ago, one day, etc
b)
Action tense : run, walked, etc
c)
Saying tense : said, told, etc
d)
Thinking tense : felt, thought, etc
Title
Orientation

CINDERELLA
Once upon a time there was a beautiful girl called
Cinderella. She lived with her stepsister and step
mother and they were very bossy. She had to do all
the house work.

Complication

One day an invitation to the ball came to the

family. Her stepsister did not let her to go, so
Cinderella was very sad. The stepsister went to the
ball without her.
Fortunately, the fairly godmother came and helped
her to get to the ball. At the ball, Cinderella danced
with the prince. The prince fell in love with her
then he married her. They lived happily ever after.

Resolution

II.

ANECDOTE

A. Social function of anecdote is to retell an unusual or amusing incident, not

only to make people laughter but also to reveal the truth its self.
B. Generic structure
a)
Abstract
Statement introducing the topic closely related with the title and usually
inform rhetorical questions at first.
b)
Orientation
Is part where the writer tell who, when, where the story happens.
c)
Crisis
Is a part of unusual incident happens
d)
Reaction
Tells how the subject of the story reacts to the incident
e)
Coda
Is the closing part of the story. The writer may tell how the subject solve
problem and the end of the incident
C.

Language features
a)
Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
b)
Using material process
c)
Using temporal conjunction
How would you like to find a snake in you bath?

We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything
was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided that we would clean the bath first, so we set to,
and turned on the tap.
Suddenly to my horror, a snake's head appeared in the plug hole. Then out slithered the
rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath,
spitting and hissing at us.
For an instant I stood there quite paralyzed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily
came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom.
Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I
had to pull her out of the way or she'd probably have lean over the bath to get a better
look.
We found out later that it was a black mamba, a poisonous kind of snake. It had obviously
been fast asleep, curled up at the bottom of the nice warm water-pipe. It must have had an
awful shock when the cold water came trickling down! But nothing tothe shock I got!
Ever since then I've always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water
III.

RECOUNT
A. Social function of recount is to retell something that happened in the past
and to tell a series of past event
B.

Generic structure

a)
Orientation
Tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place,
and when it happened
b)
Event
Tell what happened and in what sequence
c)
Reorientation
Consist of optional closure of event or ending
C.

Language features
a)
Using simple past tense : visited, had, etc
b)
Using action verb : helped, crutched, erc
c)
Using adjectives

Title

Camping

Orientation

Last weekend, my friends and I went camping.

We reached the camping ground after we
walked for about one and a half hour from the
parking lot.

Events
Event 1

We built the camp next to a small river. It was

getting darker and colder, so we built a fire
camp.

Event 2
The next day, we spent our time observing
plantation and insects while the girls were
preparing meals.
Event 3
In the afternoon we went to the river and
caught some fish for supper.
Event 4
At night, we held a fire camp night. We sang,
danced, read poetry, played magic tricks and
even some of us performed a standing comedy.
Event 5
On Monday, we packed our bags and got ready
to go home.
Reorientation

IV.

SPOOF

Although we felt tired, we all were happy

because we got a lot of experiences of self
living part from our parents.

A. Social function of spoof is to tell an event with a humorous twist and

entertain the readers
B.

Generic structure
a)
Orientation
The beginning of the story.it contains the introduction of characters and
the setting of the story
b)
Series of events
It contains what happen to the characters
c)
Twist
It contains unpredictable funny ending of the story

C.

Language features
a)
Using action verbs : walked, told, saw, ran away, etc
b)
Using connectives verbs : first, then, after that, etc
c)
Using adverbs of time and place
d)
Using simple past tense
The Zoo Job StoryOne day a clown was visiting the zoo and attempted
to earn some money by making a street performance. He acted and
mimed perfectly some animal acts. As soon as he started to drive a
crowd, a zoo keeper grabbed him and dragged him into his office. The
zoo keeper explained to the clown that the zoo's most popular gorilla had
died suddenly and the keeper was fear that attendance at the zoo would
fall off. So he offered the clown a job to dress up as the gorilla until the
zoo could get another one. The clown accepted this great opportunity.
So the next morning the clown put on the gorilla suit and entered the
cage before the crowd came. He felt that it was a great job. He could
sleep all he wanted, played and made fun of people and he drove bigger
crowds than he ever did as a clown. He pretended the gorilla
successfully.
However, eventually the crowds were tired of him for just swinging on
tires. He began to notice that the people were paying more attention to
the lion in the next cage. Not wanting to lose the attention of his
audience, he decided to make a spectacular performance. He climbed to
the top of his cage, crawled across a partition, and dangled from the top
to the lion's cage. Of course, this made the lion furious, but the crowd
people loved it.
At the end of the day the zoo keeper came and gave him a raise for being
such a good attraction. Well, this went on for some time, he kept
taunting the lion, the audience crowd grew a larger, and his salary kept
going up. Then one terrible day happened. When he was dangling over
the furious lion, he slipped and fell into the lion cage. The clown was
really in big terrible situation. He was terrified.
Sooner the lion gathered itself and prepared to pounce. The clown was
so scared. He could do nothing and he began to run round and round the

cage with the lion close and closer behind. Finally, the lion could catch
him. The clown started screaming and yelling, "Help me, help me!", but
the lion was quick and pounces. The clown soon found himself flat on
his back looking up at the angry lion and suddenly he heard a voice from
the lions mouth;"Shut up you idiot! Do you want to get us both fired?".
V.

DESCRIPTIVE
A. Social function of descriptive is to describe and reveal a particular person,
place or thing in detail.
B.

Generic structure
a)
Identification
Identifying the phenomenon to be described
b)
Description
Describing the phenomenon is parts, qualities, and characteristics or
description of the object like shape, size, color, etc.

C.

Language features
a)
About particular person or thing
b)
Using figurative language : simmilary
c)
Using simple present tense

Title

Gua Tabuhan Is a Lively Unique Cave

Identification

In the cave nyi (mrs) Kamiyem and ki (mr) Padmo sit on

a stone. Nyi kamiyem will sing a song and ki Padmo will
beat the drum. Joining them are people called wiyogo
which are drummers and other gamelan musicians.

description

What makes this unique is that they mix gamelan with

the sound of nature. The visitors dance, forgetting all
problems.
Many tourist go to this cave. Maybe you are interested in
going there too. But you dont know where it is. Gua
tabuhan is located near Pacitan in East Java. It is situated
in a lime hill called Tapan, in Tabuhan, Wareng village.
The route is easy. Along the road there is beautiful tropical
scenery to enjoy-rice fields, coconut palms and birds.
East of the cave peddlers sell souvenirs. The drink and
food peddlers are on the north. People sell agates on the
cave terraces. Somehow, it is like a fair.
It is said that the cave is the only place where nature
produces sounds like the music of gamelan. nyi Kamiyem,
the well down pesinden (traditional Javanese singer) from

the village of Gabuhan, who often sings in the cave, does

not doubt it.
Gua Tabuhan did not use to welcome visitor. According
to Kartowiryo (90), village elder, gua Tabuhan used to be
a hiding place for robbers. It was believed to be a sacred
place. No one dared go inside. However, Wedana (chief of
a district) Kertodiprojo, went to the cave to find out what
was wrong. He found out that the cave was inhabited by
the annoying evil spirits. The people chased the spirits
away.
The cave is dark, so people need light, and a local guide
will lead the way sometimes visitors bump their heads
against the sharp rocks on the ceiling.
Inside the cave there is a plain. Big stone which is
believed to be the prayer mat of Pangeran Diponogoro,
one of the Indonesia heroes who fought against the Dutch.
it is said that Pangeran Diponegoro used to seclude
himself in the cave. Some people now use the place for
meditation.
There is a stream in the cave, in the east corner, which
can only be seen outside. However, it can be heard from
inside.
Besides the cave, Watu karang, a beach nearby, is good
to visit. By the way, want different souvenirs? You can
find them in Donorodjo village where agate craftsman
work. So, have a nice journey.
VI.

REPORT
A. Social function of report is to describe the way thing are in general inferens
/ to report something.
B.

Generic structure
a)
General classification
Stating classification of general aspect of thing like animal, public space,
plant, etc, which will be discussed in general
b)
Description
Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail, part by part,
customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials. Usually the
general fact of the subject.

C.

Language features
a)
Using action verb
b)
Using conditional logical connection : when, so, etc
c)
Using simple present tense

Title

Platypus

General
classification

Many people call platypus duckbill because

this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is
a native Tasmania and southern and eastern
Australia.

Description

Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its

body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with
a thick and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is
detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus'
eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has
ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes.
Female platypus usually dug burrows in the
streams or river banks. The burrows are
blocked with soil to protect it from intruders
and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus
does not need any burrow to stay.

VII.

PROCEDURE
A. Sosial function of produce text is to describe how something is
accomplashed done through a sequence of series or steps.
B.

Generic structure
a)
Goal
Showing the purpose to be accomplashed
b)
Material
Telling the needed materials
c)
Step 1, step 2, etc (Steps)
Describing the steps to achive the purpose or what has to be done.

C.

Language features
a)
Using temporal conjunction
b)
Using action verb
c)
Using imperative sentence : plug the cable into the socket.
d)
Using simple present tense

Goal

How to make an epe banana

Materials

1 bunch of bananas
1 liter of water
2 kg brown sugar
50 gr white sugar

10 gr vanilla essences
Steps
1.
Peel the bananas, then roast them over charcoal until
some what soft and brown
2.
Flatten them with a special wooden clamp or, if you
don't own one, use a large flat wooden spoon to flatten the
bananas on a cutting board
3.
Sauce boil the water with the brown sugar white sugar
and vanilla essence until it dissolves into thick syrup, then
pour over the bananas

VIII.

EXPLANATION
A. Social function explanation text is to explain process involved in the
formation/working in natural and cultural phenomena.
B.

a)

Generic structure
a)
General statement
Stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained
b)
Sequenced explanation
c)
Stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena

Language features
b)
Featuring generic partisipans : sun, rain, etc
c)
Using chronological connection : to begin with, next, etc
d)
Using passive voice pattern
e)
Using simple present tense

Title

Making Paper from Woodchips

General
statement

Wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products

from forest trees. The wood chipping process begins when the trees
are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs
are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and
the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces
called woodchips.

Sequenced
explanation

The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.
At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into
pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water

content is removed.
Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

Closing
IX.

ANALITYCAL EXPOSITION
A. Social function of analitycal exposition is to persuade the reader that the
idea is important matter.
B.

Generic structure
a)
Thesis
Introducing the topic and indicating the writers position
b)
Arguments
Explaining the arguments to support the writers position. (stating the
fact)
c)
Reiteration / conclusion
Restating the writes position or the conclusion of the argument.

C.

Language Features
a)
Using evaluative language : important, valuable, trust worthy.
b)
Using passive voice
c)
Using causal conjunction
d)
Using simple present tense

Title
Thesis

Argument

Reiteration

Controlling children using computer

Computer and internet are useful as well as powerful. Information
about health and safe usage of computer and Internet, especially for
children, should be owned by each family. Computer connected to
internet is powerful way to socialize with others. It can be good but
also bad effect. Recently we hear a lot of children get the advantage
of social networking sites but we often see the news about the
disadvantage of it for children. Healthy and safety of computer and
Internet usage should continue to be campaigned.
The role of parent in assisting and directing children in using
computer is very necessary. Installation of software monitor such
as key logger which has function to watch and note all activities
relating to keyboard usage is helpful but not enough to protect
children from potential harms. Children tend to hide what they have
done in front of the computer to their parent. They see that all of they
have done are their privacy and no one may know.
We can not prevent children from using computer because it is
multifunctional. However, many parents worry about what their kids
do in front of the computer; whether they are doing homework or
even just playing games. Or spending all time to surf internet which
is the materials do not fit with his age. There is a tendency, especially
teenagers, want to become acquainted with many strangers out side.

The lack parental supervision of children's activities is likely to pose

a potential danger to them. So parental monitor against the use of
computers needs to be done from time to time.
X.

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
A. Social function of hortatory exposition is a text which persuade the reader
to have the addressee do something or act in certain way. Or should or should
not be the chase.
B.

Generic structure
a)
Thesis
Is the background of the problem that will arise some arguments (stating
writers issue)
b)
Argument
Is the reason for supporting the argument about the topic which is
suppoting by the fact and avidence.
c)
Recommendation
Is a statement of what should or shouldnt happen or be done based on
the given argument of the writer.

C.

language features
a)
Using emotive words : worried, afraid, alarmed, etc
b)
Using words that qualify the statements : usual, probably, etc
c)
Using words that link arguments : firstly, however, therefore, etc
d)
Using compound and complex sentence
e)
Using modals and adverbs : may, should, must, etc
f)
Using subjunctive opinion : I, we, etc

Title
Watch your Kids While Watching TV
Thesis

Television becomes one of the most important devices which take

place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as
well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your
kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely Yes and
that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you
have tried to protect the children from, especially violence,
pornography, consumerism and so on.

Argument

Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on

watching TV during the day or at bed time often cause bed-time
disruption, stress, and short sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship

between the amount of time spent for watching television during

adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being
aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between
kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children
with the following tips:

-> Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day

-> Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own

bedrooms

-> Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch

Recommendation

XI.

Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening

in the show

NEWS ITEMS
A. Social function of news items text is to inform the readers about events of
the day which are considered news worthy or important.
B.

Generic structure
a)
Newsworthy events
The main event that deserves to be news
b)
Background of the event
A description of the background of the events, where is the event, etc
c)
Resource of information
News sources, comments of the witnesses, opinion of experts, etc

C.

language features
a)
Using action verb
b)
Using saying verb
c)
Using adverb of time, adverb of place and adverb of manner

Title

Growing Number of High School Student Smoking

Newsworthy
events

A survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the

country are junior high school students. It also revealed 89 percent
of young female employees were smokers.

Background of
events

The survey was conducted in five major cities across the country,
including Surakarta in Central Java.
Muhammad Syahril Mansyur, the Surakarta Health Agencys
respiratory illness division, said that the finding of the survey

showed an alarming growth rate of Indonesian smokers. "This

situation is a cause for concern, he said. It appears the countrys
younger generation is uneducated about the health risks of
smoking.
The Indonesian anti-tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed
as ineffective as the government refuses to sign the international
convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette producers
contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to
thousands of workers.
Resource of
information
XII.

Source : www.tempointeraktif.com

REVIEW
A. Social function of review is to critique or evaluate an art work or event for
a public audience
B.

Generic structure
a)
Orientation
Background information on the text
b)
Evaluation
Concluding statement : judgment, opinion or recommendation
c)
Interpretative recount
Summary of an art works including characters and plot
d)
Evaluation summation
The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art
works being critized

C.

language features
a)
Using adjective
b)
Using long and complex clauses
c)
Using methapor
d)
Focuson specific participants

Tittle
Orientation

Mr. Bean's Holiday

Mr. Bean's Holiday Its a film produced by Working Title Production
entertaining and full of ridiculous views. The film is starred by the
famous funny man Rowan Atkinson.

Evaluation

The film was begun by the crowd waiting for the announcement of
prize won by Mr. Bean. The funny man began travelling with 200
euros heading to Cannes, France. Unfortunately, when he bought
some snacks he missed the train so he had to wait for the next one.
The film told about Mr. Beans effort to return a boy who missed his

Interpretative
recount

Evaluation
summation

dad because of Beans fault. He was left by his dad in the railway
station when Mr. Bean asked him to shoot using a camera. The door
was closed but the man was still outside the train.
(riding bicycle) Every screen showed some funny, ridiculous
moment and some beautiful scenery about France. An interesting
moment was when Mr. Bean and the boy tried to call the parents
phone number. They tried every number because the last number
giving the boys father couldnt be caught by the camera brought by
Mr. Bean. When they didnt have coins to make a call, the boy
begged to a woman and she gave a coin. When Bean tried the same
action, the woman left him. (Mr. Bean reads the map) Mr. Bean and
the boy made a part when Mr. Bean ran after a ticket for a bus. The
man then met Sabine, an actress, who helped Mr. Bean and the boy
to meet the boys parent.
In my opinion, this film is good for laugh. The story is not
complicated and easy to understand although some conversations are
in French language. The film is suitable to watch for every ages. But
some scenes may be risky for children like when Sabine kissed Mr.
Beans cheek to thank him and her low cut dress revealed part of her
breasts. The film also shows a view of the beach where Mr. Bean
was supposed to go, and there are a lot of women wearing bikinis.
This is not good for teenagers.