Diplomado en Produccin de Hidrocarburos

Facilidades de Superficie
Introduccin

Ing. Nelson Cabrera Marz, Msc

roneven@cotas.com.bo
UDABOL-SCZ
MarzoAbril 2014
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Introduccin
Lasfacilidadesdeproduccino
instalacionesdesuperficiesonel
vnculofsicoalreservorio,
incluyenperforacin,terminacin,
bombeo,inyeccin,procesamientoy
almacenamiento.Undiseoadecuadoy
elmantenimientodelas
instalacionestieneunprofundo
efectoenlarentabilidad.
Lasinstalacionesdebensercapaces
dellevaracaboelplandemanejo
delreservorio.
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Introduccin

Elroldeuningenierode
produccinesmaximizarla
produccindepetrleoygasde
unamaneraqueminimicelos
costosoperativos.
Lacomprensinyfamiliaridad
delossistemasdeproduccinde
petrleoygasesfundamentaly
esencialparalosingenieros.
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Introduction
Acompleteoilor gasproduction system
consists of areservoir,well,flowline,
separators,pumps,and transportation
pipelines.The reservoir supplies wellbore
with crude oilor gas.The well provides a
path for the production fluidto flow from
bottom hole to surface and offers ameans to
controlthe fluidproduction rate.The
flowline leads the produced fluidto
separators.
The separators remove gasand water from the
crude oil.Pumps and compressors areused to
transport oiland gasthrough pipelines to
salespoints.
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A sketch of a petroleum production system

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Reservoir
Hydrocarbon accumulations ingeological traps canbe
classified asreservoir,field,and pool.Areservoir
is aporous and permeableunderground formation containing
an individualbank of hydrocarbons confined byimpermeable
rockor water barriers and is characterized byasingle
naturalpressure system.Afield is an area that
consists of one or morereservoirs all related to the same
structural feature.Apool contains one or more
reservoirs inisolated structures.
Depending on the initial reservoir condition inthe phase
diagram,hydrocarbon accumulations areclassified asoil,
gascondensate,and gasreservoirs.An oilthat is at a
pressure above its bubblepoint pressure is called an
undersaturated oil because it candissolve moregasat
the given temperature.An oilthat is at its bubblepoint
pressure is called asaturated oil because it can
dissolve nomoregasat the given temperature.Single
(liquid)phase flow prevails inan undersaturated oil
reservoir,whereas twophase (liquid oiland freegas)flow
exists
inasaturated oil reservoir.
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A typical hydrocarbon phase diagram

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A Sketch of a water-driver reservoir

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A sketch of a gas-cap drive reservoir

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A sketch of dissolved-gas drive reservoir

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A sketch of a typical flowing oil well

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A sketch of a wellhead

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A sketch of a casing head, tubing head

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A sketch of a Christmas tree

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A sketch of a surface valve

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A sketch of a wellhead choke

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Conventional horizontal separator

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Double-action piston pump

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Elements of a typical reciprocating compressor

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Smbolos
Flow Sheet Symbols

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Tipica hoja de flujo

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Common FlowSheet Symbols

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Line Symbols, Blinds & Valves

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Valves

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Valves

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Pumps & Storage Symbols

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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Electrical Symbols

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Instruments

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Examples

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Instruments - Measurement

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E & P Symbols

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E & P Symbols

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E & P Symbols

New drilling location

Canceled application or permit

CNC

Oil well
Gas well other than CBM
Dry hole
Enhanced oil recovery injection well
Waste disposal well
Underground gas storage well
Abandoned well
New coalbed methane drilling location
Coalbed methane gas well
Abandoned coalbed methane gas well
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Facilidadesde
Superficie

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An outline of the processing surface field operations

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Tpico sistema de produccin y proceso gas

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Typical oil production process system

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Typical gas production process system

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Typical surface production equipment

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Diagrama de flujo de equipos de produccin en superficie

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