Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi

(Affiliated to GGSIPU)

Smart City Demonstration

Under the guidance of
Mr. Sunil Gupta
(Assistant professor)
EEE Dept.
Jai Prakash
EEE Dept.
jai.prakashmsit@gmail.com
Devender Kumar
EEE Dept.
way2debu@gmail.com
Ankit Kumar
EEE Dept.
ankit.kr93@gmail.com
Abstract The Smart City aims to make optimal
and sustainable use of all resources, while
maintaining an appropriate balance between social,
environmental and economic costs. In the Smart
City, maximum use is made of ICT to improve the
functioning, management, and supervision of the
variety of systems and services, with an emphasis
on saving energy, water, land and other natural
resources. The main categories that define smart
cities include the quality of the environment,
energy, water and wastewater, transportation and
traffic, information and communication systems,
quality of life.

that have been developing smart city technology

include government services, transport and traffic
management, energy, health care, water and waste.
Smart city applications are developed with the goal
of improving the management of urban flows and
allowing for real time responses to challenges. The
Smart Energy City, as a core to the concept of the
Smart City, provides its users with a liveable,
affordable,
climate-friendly
and
engaging
environment that supports the needs and interests
of its users and is based on a sustainable economy.
The Smart Energy City is highly energy and
resource efficient, and is increasingly powered by
renewable energy sources; it relies on integrated
and resilient resource systems, as well as insightdriven and innovative approaches to strategic
planning. The application of information,
communication and technology are common means
to meet these objectives.

The Smart Energy City is highly energy and

resource efficient, and is increasingly powered by
renewable energy sources; it relies on integrated
and resilient resource systems, as well as insightdriven and innovative approaches to strategic
planning. The application of information,
communication and technology are common means
to meet these objectives.

The Smart Energy City leverages the Smart City

Vision as a tool to help set the trajectory for an
overall
smarter
city
development.
This
development will encompass all social, economic
and environmental aspects of sustainability, using
these aspects as an overall goal of both the Smart.
Major technological, economic and environmental
changes have generated interest in smart cities,
including climate change, economic restructuring,
the move to online retail and entertainment, ageing
populations, and pressures on public finances

INTRODUCTION
A smart
city uses
digital
technologies
or information
and
communication
technologies (ICT) to enhance quality and
performance of urban services, to reduce costs and
resource consumption, and to engage more
effectively and actively with its citizens. Sectors

Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi

(Affiliated to GGSIPU)
741. Pins 7 and 8 of the IC are connected to the
supply. . The condenser microphone is of high
quality but its voltage output is very low therefore,
we require an amplifier to amplify the output signal
of the cond. Microphone. To amplify the AC signal
from condenser microphone we use operational
amplifier at the 1st stage. The one we are using is a
linear amplifier, a kind which preserves the shape
of the input signal. For instance if the input signal
is sinusoidal the output signal is also sinusoidal. We
are using an op-amp with a single supply. This is so
because the negative feedback stabilises the
voltage gain and input impedance. Also because of
the voltage feedback, the amplifier has very low
output impedance, as always negative feedback
decreases the distortions in the output signal. The
main advantage of the inverting voltage is its
ability to handle more than one input at a time. The
output of this IC is provided to the PUSH PULL
Amplifier. The main purpose of an amplifier is to
give an exact and enlarged reproduction of input
signal. However amplitude distortion produced is
due to nonlinear characteristic curve. It can be
decreased by increasing the load resistance. An
increase in load resistance makes dynamic
characteristic curve straighter. However, an
increased load resistance decreases the power
output. To get higher power, 2 identical tubes are so
connected that their grids receive equal input
signals having a phase difference of 180. This is
achieved by using a central tap transformer. The
output of the two tubes is combined in a central tap
output transformer. This type of arrangement is
called PUSHPULL AMPLIFIER. The amplified
output is provided to the LASER Torch. The
pprinciple of LASER is amplification of
electromagnetic waves. It is a stimulated emission
of radiation which operates in infrared visible or
ultraviolet region. It can transmit information with
little inference because it produces highly
directional beam.

2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The present mediums of communication are mostly
dependent on RF communications which suffer
from various disadvantages like less range of
spectrum , less availability and can be easily tapped
. Some systems have been designed that employ
LASER as a communication medium but there
circuits were quite complex . A system is now
designed which has very simple circuitry and
solves all the above mentioned flaws as it offers
high level of secrecy , more amount of spectrum
and is easy to assemble.
3.DESIGN AND WORKING OF THE SYSTEM

Transmitter Circuit Operation

The microphone converts the air pressure variation

produced by a voice produced by a voice into an
electrical variation of same frequency and
amplitude i.e. it converts sound energy to electrical
energy which is A.C. signal here. The terminals of
12 V drive the entire circuit. The resistor R3 is used
for current limiting so that no fault current may not
damage the condenser microphone. The
microphone converts the sound energy provided by
us to electrical energy. The diaphragm of the
condenser microphone vibrates when struck by
sound waves, changing the distance between the
two plates and therefore changing the capacitance.

Receiver circuit operation

The charge is constant and the voltage across

capacitor changes reflecting the change is
capacitance. This electrical energy that is
equivalent current developed is filtered by an R-C
circuit and is provided to pin number 2 of the IC-

Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi

(Affiliated to GGSIPU)
INR 3000-4000 in our country and the users have
to pay tariff for each second of communication. On
the other hand our device is cheaper at a cost of
INR 400 and need not to pay any tariff for voice
communication. So it can be efficiently used for
general conversation with neighbours where
confidentiality is a prime issue.
Limitation
This system cannot be used for communication
where there is any obstructions or clear line of sight
is not available. But the receiver and the transmitter
can be set at the top of the high rise building in
such cases.

The LASER Torch incidents a LASER Beam which

is detected by the photodiode which converts light
energy to electrical energy. The output is filtered by
an R-C circuit and is provided to the pin 2 of IC
741. The pins 4 and 7 of the IC are connected to the
terminals supplying voltage. The output of IC is
provided to the PUSH- PULL Amplifier for
amplification. The amplified output is provided to
the Loudspeaker .It is an electroacoustic
transducer .Converts electrical audio signal into
sound. It works on same principle as microphone
but in reverse nature.

Scope for the Future Work

With improved designs it can be used for defence
purposes in transmitting confidential voice data
from one hill top to other hill top in remote area
where cell phone communication is not possible
due to the lack of mobile operators tower by using
extra amplifying circuit at the receiver end for
having higher efficiency of the system
REFERENCES

4. ADVANTAGE

[1] 1000 Projects. (2012). Laser Torch Based Voice

Transmitter and Receiver Block Diagram. [Online]
Available:
http://1000projects.org/laser-torchbased-voice-transmitter-and-receiver-blockdiagram.htm

A remarkable feature of laser is the concentration

of its energy to extremely high intensities thats
remaining almost constant over long distances
because of low divergence [6]. The main advantage
of this system is high reliability as it is impossible
to track the data on the way of transmission [7].
That is why this design can be used for transmitting
confidential data as well as for general
conversation. This design of Laser voice
transmission system can be made at home with
minimum cost and can be used for frequent
conversation between neighbouring house at free of
cost instead of using cell phone.

[2]K. Thiyagarajan. (2011). Wireless Voice

Communication Using Laser.[Online]. Available:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/47807263/WirelessVoice-Communication-Using-Laser

[3] laser torch transmitter reciever_1441287077975

5. CONCLUSION
[4]Geiger, M., Popp, U., and Engel, U., Eximer
Laser Micro Texturing of Cold Forging Tool
Surface-Influence on Tool Life, , Elsevier Annals
of the CIRP, Vol. 51, pp. 231234, 2002.

Laser Torch Based Transmission and Reception are

cheaper and simpler in construction than RF
transmitter and receiver. Other methods such as
Infra-Red and Blue-Tooth can also be used for
voice transmission and Reception , but their range
is small and are also costlier than Laser based
system. This project can be made and used
successfully in conference hall, assemblies, and
class rooms and for general conversation between
two neighbours. The lowest cost of a cell phone is

[5]C. V. Shank. Kaiser, Ultra short Laser Pulses

and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 60,
pp. 5-34, 1988.

Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi

(Affiliated to GGSIPU)

[6] Laser and its applications, Popular Science &

Technology Series, DRDO Publications, 2009.

[7] Peter Phillips. (1997). Laser link communicator,

electronics
Australia.[Online].
Available:
http://captain.haddock.8m.com/laser/laser1.html