xxx

Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

a) Material Proerties

Soil

fcu
fy

:
:

30
500

wc

25

qallow

200

MPa (28 days compressive cube strength of concrete)

MPa (Characteristic steel strength)
kN/m3 (unit wt. of concrete)
kN/m2 (Safe bearing capacity of soil)

:
:
:

18
30
0.5

kN/m3 (unit wt. of soil)

deg
(angle of internal friction of soil)
(Conc. friction factor)

b) Section Proerties
Footing
Length
Width
Thickness
Column

L
B
H

:
:
:

1.80
1.40
0.3

m
m
m

column width
column depth

b
h

:
:

300
360

mm
mm

Clear cover
C
:
effective depth of footing
d
:

c) Load Evaluation
Embedment of column inside footing
Ht. of soil fill on external side above nib
Ht. of soil fill on internal side above nib

:
:
:

0
mm
300 mm
300 mm

Pocket details
Nib thickness of pocket at top
:
0
mm
Nib thickness of pocket at bottom
:
0
mm
ht of nib from top of footing pad
:
0
mm
Gap b/w nib and column at top of nib
:
0
mm
eccentricity of column position
ex
:
720 mm
ez
:
0
mm
Surcharge on
(Considered as dead load in combination)
Internal side
: 10.74 kPa
(Block wall load)
External side
:
0.0 kPa
Column Reactions
vertical
Primary Load
Type
Fy
Dead Load(DL)
Live load (LL)
Wind (WL)

Horizontal
kN
Fx
Fz

35.9

Moment
kNm
Mx
Mz
0.6

22.9

28.0

70

mm

218 mm

xxx
Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

wt. of footing

wfoot

Vol. occupied by soil

Volsoil
wt. of soil

wsoil

18.90 kN

ex=720

: vol of soil - vol of nib - vol of

column

1800
Footing Elevation

: (0.3x1.62x1.4)+(0.3x0.18x1.4)-0-0.032
3
: 0.724 m
:

13.03 kN

5.17 kPa
ZZ

Additional moments develop due to vertical and horizontal

reactions from column eccentricity.
Design Loads on Footing
vertical
Primary Load
Type
Fy
Dead Load(DL)
67.9
Live load (LL)
21.7
Wind (WL)
0.0
Load
Case (LC)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Horizontal
kN
Fx
Fz
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.9
0.0

Load Combinations
Fy

Ultimate Load
1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
1.2 DL + 1.5 LL

+
-

+
-

1.0 WL
1.0 WL

1.5 WL
1.5 WL

ex=720

1800
Footing Plan

Moment
kNm
Mx
Mz
0.0
26.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.9
Vertical

Service Load
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL

ez=0

1400

Total unfactored vertical load without eccentricity

P1
: 31.93 kN

XX

wnib

3
0.000 m
0.00 kN

300

wt. of nib

:
:

XX

Volume occupied by concrete nib

Volnib : [(0.3x2)+(0.36x2)]x0x0

Horizontal
kN
Fx
Fz

Moment
kNm
Mx
Mz

89.5
89.5
89.5
0.0

0.0
22.9
22.9
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

26.5
61.4
-8.4
0.0

134.3
134.3
113.9
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.0
34.4
34.4
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

39.7
92.0
-20.5
0.0
0.0
0.0

xxx
Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

e) Stability Check
Check for overturning (Load case)
2
OTMx
:
0.00 kNm (Overturning moment about x- axis)
OTMz
: 61.36 kNm (Overturning moment about z- axis)
The restoring moment is
RMx
: [67.85+13.032+21.652]x(0.7)
RMz
: 102.54x(0.9)
: 71.778 kNm
: 92.29 kNm
FOS

Check for Sliding

DFx
DFz
The resisting force is
RF
RF
FOS

: RMx/OTMx
: RMz/OTMz
(Load case)
2
: 22.90 kN
:
0.00 kN
:
:
:
:
:

:
:

100
1.50

> 1.5 Hence the footing is safe against overturning in 'x'.

> 1.5 Hence the footing is safe against overturning in 'z'.

(Disturbing force along x- axis)

(Disturbing force along z- axis)

x (total vertical force)

89.5x0.5
44.8 kN
RF/DFx
:
1.95
RF/DFz
:
100

> 1.5 Hence the footing is safe against sliding in 'x'.

> 1.5 Hence the footing is safe against sliding in 'z'.

e) Design of Footing
Check footing

(Load case)
2
Mx
:
0.00 kNm
Ps
: 89.50 kN
Mz
: 61.36 kNm
eccentricity due to moment
ez
:
Mx/P
B/6
: 0.233 m
: 0.000 m
e < L/6, therefore the pressure is trapezoidal.
ex
:
Mz/P
L/6
:
0.3 m
: 0.686 m
e > L/6, therefore the pressure is triangular.
The trapezoidal pressure along z direction is given by,
qmax
: (P/A) + (6 M/LB^2)
qmin
: (P/A) - (6 M/LB^2)
: 35.517 kPa
: 35.52 kPa
The triangular pressure along x direction is given by,
qmax
: 2P/[3B(L/2-e)]
qmin
: no tension = 0
: 198.78 kPa
:
0
kPa
Check the adequacy of footing
Due to the wind load case, the allowable bearing pressure can be increased by 25% as per
BS 8004:1986, sec- 2.3.2.4.3.
qa,enh : 1.25 x 200
:
250 kPa

xxx
Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

qmax

: 198.78 - 5.17
: 193.6 kPa

(Maximum pressure - pressure due to wt. of soil above the footing)

< 250 kPa, Hence the footing is safe.

Check for Shear and BM

The governing ultimate load combinations is
(Load case)
7
Pu
: 113.9 kN
Mux
:
0
kNm
Muz
: -20.51 kNm

ezu
exu

:
:

0
m
0.18 m

The trapezoidal pressure along z direction is given by,

qumax,z : (P/A) + (6 M/LB^2)
:
45.2 kPa
qumin,z : (P/A) - (6 M/LB^2)
:
45.2 kPa

1400

The trapezoidal pressure along x direction is given by,

qumax,x : (P/A) + (6 M/LB^2)
: 18.06 kPa
qumin,x : (P/A) - (6 M/BL^2)
: 72.33 kPa
Z
D
C
1800

B
X

General Sketch

The pressure calculation is made cosidereing an equivalent area available against the length and width of
footing. Additional eccentricity is considered in the design for arriving at the size of footing.

Description
P
Mx
Mz
ez
ex
P/A

kN
kNm
kNm
m
m
kPa

Service Load Combination (kPa)

LC-1
LC-2
LC-3
LC-4
89.5
89.504 89.5
0
0
0
0
0
26.49
61.362 -8.378
0
0
0
0
#####
0.296
0.6856 -0.094
#####
35.52
35.517 35.52
0

LC-5
134.3
0.0
39.74
0
0.296
53.28

Ultimate Load Combination (kPa)

LC-6
LC-7 LC-8 LC-9 LC-10
134.3
113.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
92.04
-20.51
0
0.0
0
0
0
##### ##### #####
0.686
-0.18 ##### ##### #####
53.28
45.2
0
0
0

xxx
Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

Corner
Pressure
A kPa
B kPa
C kPa
D kPa
Status

Service Load Combination (kPa)

Ultimate Load Combination (kPa)
LC-1
LC-2
LC-3
LC-4 LC-5
LC-6
LC-7 LC-8 LC-9 LC-10
0.5
0.0 46.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
72.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
70.6
198.8 24.4
0.0 105.8 298.2
18.1
0
0.0
0.0
70.6
198.8 24.4
0.0 105.8 298.2
18.1
0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0 46.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
72.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
198.8 kPa < allowable = 250 kPa, hence footing is safe.

The ultimate pressure across 'x' and 'z' direction are,

X - direction
AD
qAD
: 101.27 kN/m
BC
qBC
: 25.289 kN/m

AB
CD

(Load case)
Z - direction
qAB
: 81.36 kN/m
qCD
: 81.36 kN/m

The acting length 'a' of pressure along length of footing from qmax
ax
: 1.800 m
az
:
1.4 m
Considering the direction of wind from both the sides, the footing is checked for shear and BM.
Load Case - 7

Load Case - 7

B
XX

L=1800
1440

0
25 kN/m

1800

D
ZZ

B=1400
550

550

1400
81 kN/m

101 kN/m

Ultimate Base Pressure along Length

(kN/m)

81 kN/m

Ultimate Base Pressure along Width

(kN/m)

The critical BM at the face of the column along XX direction

Left
MxL
: [40.48x1.44^(2)/2]+[1/2x60.78x1.44x0.96]
: 83.981 kNm
Right
MxR
: [25.29x0^(2)/2]+[1/2x0x0x0]
:
0
kNm
Muxx : 83.98 kNm
BM due to overburden
MxR
: 1.4 x [5.17x1.4x1.44^(2)/2]
: 10.51 kNm
The critical BM at the face of the column along ZZ direction
Left
MzL
: [81.36x0.55^(2)/2]+[1/2x0x0.55x0.37]
: 12.306 kNm
Right
MzR
: [81.36x0.55^(2)/2]+[1/2x0x0.55x0.37]
: 12.306 kNm
Muzz

12.31 kNm

xxx
Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

For beam shear, the critical location is at 'd' from col. Face. Therefore distance from edge of fooring is
XL
ZL
: 1.222 m
: 0.332 m
:
: 1.068 m
XR
1.8 m
ZR
Shear force from left is
V1XL
: (101.27 + 49.69)/2 x 1.222
V1ZL
: (81.36 + 81.36)/2 x 0.332
: 92.237 kN
: 27.01 kN
Shear force from right is
V1XR
: (25.29 + 25.29)/2 x 0
V1ZR
: (81.36 + 81.36)/2 x 0.332
:
0.0 kN
:
27.0 kN
V1X
:
92.2 kN
V1X
:
27.0 kN
For Punching shear, the critical location is at 1.5d from face of col.
L1
: 687.0 mm
PrL
B1
: 954.0 mm
A2s
Total load under footing
Average pressure under shear area

:
:

3.28 m
0.66 sqm

(shear perimeter)
(Shear area)

Ptot

: 113.90 kN
: {[(54.29 + 25.29)/2/1.4]+[(81.36 + 81.36)/2/1.8]}/2
: 36.8 kPa
load under shear area A2s
: 36.81 x 0.687 x 0.954
:
24 kN
Punching shear
: Total load - Load under shear area
V2
: 113.9 - 24.13
V2
: 89.77 kN

Check for Flexure

Effective depth of footing
Along Length
bx
:
Mux
:
Here,

d
1400 mm
84.0 kNm

218 mm
Along Width
bz
Muz

: Mu/bd2fcu
: 0.042
< 0.156, hence comp. reinf. is not required.

zx
: 207.28 mm
but not greater than, 0.95d
0.95d
z
zx
: 207.1 mm

:
:

1800 mm
12.3 kNm

(BS-8110-1:1997- Sec.3.4.4.4)
: 0.005
< 0.156, hence comp. reinf. is not required.

zz
:
: 207.1 mm
: lesser of {207.28, 0.95 d}
zz
:

216.8 mm

207.1 mm

xxx
Design of Footing

16-Nov-15

PRC

Required reinforcement for the BM,

Asx,req

As,req
2
853.7 mm

: Mu/0.95Fyz
Asz,req

2
125.1 mm

Minimum reinforcement required for slab as per Table 3.25 of BS-8110-1:1997 is

:

0.13%

(for slab)

Provide reinforcement along x direction as

12 mm @ 160 mm c/c.
2
Asx,prov :
905 mm
Along z direction,
10 mm @
Asz,prov

200
707

As,min

no. of bars

2
702 mm

nos.

> 853.7 sqmm, Hence o.k.

mm c/c.
mm2

no. of bars

nos.

> 702 sqmm, Hence o.k.

Check for shear

One way Shear
c1x

: 92240 / (1400 x 218)

2
:
0.30 N/mm

c1Z

: 27010 / (1800 x 218)

2
:
0.07 N/mm

Shear strength of concrete is given by

vc
Along X direction
100 Asx/(bx d)
(400/d)1/4

0.30

1.16

(Fcu/25)1/3

1.06

vc,X
Vc,X

:
Along Z direction
100 Asz/(bz d) :

2
:
0.52 N/mm
> 0.3 MPa, Hence o.k.
: 159.07 kN

vc,Z
Vc,Z

Punching Shear
c2x

: 89770 / (3282 x 218)

2
:
0.13 N/mm

Shear strength of concrete is given by

vc

Here,
100 Asx/(bx d)

vc,X

: (0.296 + 0.18) /2
: 0.238
2
:
0.48 N/mm
> 0.13 MPa, Hence o.k.

0.18

2
: 0.441 N/mm
> 0.07 MPa, Hence o.k.
: 173.2 kN

xxx
Design of Footing
-

16-Nov-15
PRC

Calculation for Surcharge

Block wall load + load from cover slab
4.0 kN/m
1075
(Outside)

(Inside)
A

B
L=

1.44

Bending moment at A in the footing due to point load

: 4x1.4x1.075
M
:
6.02 kNm
Converting this BM in terms of surcharge due to to uniform load from the inside of boundary wall
2
M
: w L /2
Therefore Surcharge due to point load,
ws1
: 6.02x2/1.44^2/1.4
:
4.15 kN/sqm

Calculation for Passive earth pressure

Length of wall
:
8.50
Depth of wall below ground level
h1
:
500

m
mm

Passive earth pressure on wall below ground level

kp
:
3.00
(Rankins constant for soil)
Pressure at level h1 below ground
Pp
: kp h 1
:
27 kN/sqm
Resistance offered by soil due to passive pressure
Mp
:
9.56 kNm
Converting this BM in terms of surcharge due to to uniform load from the inside of boundary wall
2
Mp
: w L /2
Therefore Surcharge due to passive pressure,
ws2
: 9.56x2/1.44^2/1.4
:
6.59 kN/sqm
Total surcharge,
ws2
: 4.15 + 6.59
: 10.74 kN/sqm

xxx
Design of Footing
-

16-Nov-15
PRC

Footing Reinforcement Detail