Meteorology 1

Meteorology

Study of weather and climate.

Weather

Happens daily
Lasts for a shorter period of time

Happens seasonally
Lasts for a longer period of time

Meteorological Instruments:
Barometer

Measures the pressure of air

Low pressure = bad weather
High pressure = good weather

Barograph

Records of barometer reading

Wind Vane

Determines where the wind is coming from.

The wind is labelled from its source.

Anemometer

Measures wind speed

Psychrometer

Measures humidity (air moisture).

More humid = rainy, foggy
Less humid = sunny

16 km above the earths surface

Where weather and climate is formed

Ozone layer

40 km above the earths surface

Stratosphere

Climate

Troposphere

47 km above the earths surface

Ionosphere

60 km above the earths surface

Radio waves propagation

Mesosphere

80 km above the earths surface

Thermosphere

400 km above the earths surface

Exosphere

More than 400 km above the earths surface

Lapse Rate

Changing of temperature in a given height or

altitude

High Altitude

Low temperature
Low pressure

Low Altitude

High temperature
High pressure

Thermometer

Determines the hotness or coldness of an area

Solstice
Atmosphere

Composition of air

Air composition:

78% - Nitrogen
21% - Oxygen
01% - Other gases

Summer Solstice

The first day of the Season of Summer.

June 21 in the northern hemisphere.
Sun is farthest north (23.5 N).
Length of time between Sunrise and Sunset is
the longest of the year.

Autumnal Equinox

Winter Solstice

The first day of the Season of Winter.

December 22 in the northern hemisphere.
Sun is farthest south (23.5 S)
Length of time between Sunrise and Sunset is
the shortest of the year.

Note:

In the southern hemisphere, winter and summer

solstices are exchanged. The summer is on
December 22 and the winter is on June 21.

Maximum Declination of the Sun

23.5 N and 23.5 S

Equinox

Time when night and day are about the same

length.
The Sun is crossing the Equator in equal distance
from the North Pole and the South Pole.

Vernal Equinox

The first day of the Season of Spring

Beginning of a long period of sunlight at the Pole.
In the northern hemisphere: March 20 (the Sun
crosses the Equator moving northward).
In the southern hemisphere: September 22 (the
Sun crosses the Equator moving southward).

The first day of the Season of Autumn

Beginning of a long period of darkness at the
Pole.
In the northern hemisphere September 22 (the
Sun crosses the Equator moving southward).
In the southern hemisphere: March 20 (the Sun
crosses the Equator moving northward).