Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
COCHABAMBA BOLIVIA
2015
HOJA DE APROBACIN
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Tambin agradezco a los Ing. Edwin Iquize y Juan Jos Calisaya por su
valiosa cooperacin en los anlisis estadsticos.
A mis amigos Diego Lpez y Sara Paola, por darme las fuerzas para no
declinar en los momentos de desesperacin les doy las gracias.
RESUMEN
ASBTRAC
Evaluation of Silicon sources and amino acids in the productivity of the cultivation
of potato in the Estacion Experimental de Toralapa.
The experiment was conducted in environments of the Experimental Station of Toralapa,
dependent on the Iniaf located in the Tiraque province of Cochabamba. Geographically it is
located in the sub-andina Strip, at an average altitude of 4,200 meters above sea level.
The experiment worked through the ANOVA was performed the comparison of mean
statistic of t (Students), which was used for the five treatments. T1 Silifort plus and FPI
Agrisil with three applications, T2 Silifort plus and FPI Agrisil with three applications, T3
Silifort plus, witness T4 and T5 Silifort plus. sowing was carried out with a distance
between Groove and 0.70 cm between 030 cm plants, were two aporques in hilling first
applied the Silifort plus. For the data collection of the variables number of stems per plant
and stem diameter were 75 days after planting in a real context of 1.50 m2 for which three
samples were taken for treatment and the variable performance, tuber quality was
determined after harvest by weighing treatment and then proceeded to the selection and
classification of tubers according to its size.
In conclusion the treatment 5 silifort plus with a dose of 200 kg/ha composed of diatom
algae turned out to be effective since it saw better yields and greater weight and number of
tubers in size consumption and size II and with less discarded tubers in comparison to the
witness, so it is recommended to study composed of diatom algae more macro- and
micronutrients in combination with sources of peptides and amino acids together with
Silicon potassium in different areas potato producers.
Treatment t5 (silifort plus) presented a net profit of 86,543.39 Bs / ha. Where more than
380 bs for T1 is reversed, obtaining an additional return 13019.84 or 3426% return, that
means that for every Bolivian invested regain the Bolivian producer and an additional
return of 34.26 Bolivianos on the last 625 Bs / ha.
INDICE
CONTENIDO
Pg.
I. INTRODUCCIN.........................................................................................................................1
II. OBJETIVOS.................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Objetivo general............................................................................................ 3
2.2 Objetivo especifico........................................................................................ 3
III. REVISION DE LITERATURA...............................................................................4
3.1 Produccin de papa en Bolivia............................................................................ 4
3.1.1 Produccin de papa por departamentos................................................................4
3.1.2 Importancia econmica de la cadena de papa........................................................5
3.1.3 Importancia de la cadena de papa con relacin al agro negocio en Bolivia..................5
3.1.4 reas de produccin de papa en Bolivia............................................................6
3.1.5 reas de produccin de papa en Cochabamba....................................................6
3.2 Taxonoma del gnero (Solanum tuberosum l.).........................................................7
3.3 Origen y distribucin........................................................................................ 7
3.4 Valor nutritivo de la papa................................................................................... 8
3.5 Adaptacin..................................................................................................... 8
3.6 Factores que influyen el cultivo de la papa..............................................................8
3.6.1 Factores genticos....................................................................................... 9
3.6.2 Factores medio ambientales...........................................................................9
3.7 Enfermedades ms frecuentes en el cultivo de la papa.............................................11
3.8 Silicio en la produccin agrcola........................................................................12
3.8.1 El silicio en la transpiracin.........................................................................13
3.8.2 Efecto del silicio en el sistema inmunolgico de la planta y el efecto sobre insectos y
hongos.......................................................................................................... 13
3.8.3 El silicio y la resistencia de las plantas a hongos patgenos..................................14
3.8.4 Beneficios del uso de silicio en la agricultura....................................................15
3.9 Fertilizantes Bioestimulantes..........................................................................15
3.9.1 Perfect Digest (FPI)................................................................................... 16
3.9.1.1 Ventajas del uso de Perfect Digest (FPI)........................................................16
3.9.1.2 Vas de Aplicacin.................................................................................. 16
NDICE DE CUADROS
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Cuadro 1. Datos sobre produccin, superficie, rendimiento de papa, por habitante rural del
departamento promedio 2005-2007........................................................................................4
Cuadro 2.Composicin mineral de tierra diatomea..............................................................21
Cuadro 3. Anlisis fsico-qumico del suelo donde se realiz el ensayo..............................33
Cuadro 4.Tratamientos del ensayo y aplicacin de los fertilizantes.....................................35
Cuadro 5. Peso de tubrculos por categora (kg/ha).............................................................41
Cuadro 6. Nmero de tubrculos por categora (tubrculos/ha.)..........................................44
Cuadro 7. Costo de produccin, beneficio neto, tasa de retorno marginal y relacin de
beneficio/costo por tratamiento en cultivo de papa..............................................................51
NDICE DE FIGURA
Pg.
Figura 1. Vas de aplicacin a) Foliar (terrestre y areo) b) Edfico suelo c)
Fertirrigacin.........................................................................................................................16
Figura 2. Efecto del silicato de potasio ionizado en el cultivo de papa................................19
Figura 3. Dinmica del Silicio en el suelo............................................................................20
Figura 4. Ubicacin de la zona de ensayo, (Estacin Experimental Toralapa,
Iniaf
Tiraque).................................................................................................................................30
Figura 5. A) Clasificacin de tubrculos con ayuda de un vernier digital B) Tubrculos
clasificados............................................................................................................................36
Figura 6. Pesaje de tubrculo del tamao II..........................................................................37
Figura 7. Peso de tubrculos en descarte..............................................................................38
Figura 8. Rendimiento de papa en kilogramos por hectrea.................................................40
Figura 9. Peso de tubrculo (kg/ha) en relacin al tamao de tubrculos............................43
Figura 10. Nmero de tubrculos por tratamiento en relacin al tamao de tubrculos......46
Figura 11. Descarte de tubrculos por tratamiento expresados en (kg/ha)...........................48
Figura 12. Materia seca de los cinco tratamientos (%)........................................................49