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INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
In this experiment, we have studied and analyzed several types of cascaded
amplifiers. These are the direct-coupled amplifier, RC-coupled amplifier, and the
transformer-coupled amplifier. In this experiment, we have recorded the DC
voltages and the AC voltages across some points in the amplifiers. All these
amplifiers have an input signal of 100mVpk-pk sinusoidal AC wave.
In part A of this experiment, we have analyzed the direct-coupled amplifier.
This type of amplifier is a two-stage amplifier with the output of the first amplifier
directly connected to the input of the second amplifier without any coupling
capacitor. The DC voltages that we have recorded from the output of the first stage
and the input of the second stage are approximately equal. Hence, the amplifier is
not isolated between its two stages. In computing the base-emitter terminal voltage
and the base-collector terminal voltage of the two transistors, both were forward
biased in the base-emitter terminal and reverse biased in the base-collector
terminal. Hence, we can say that active mode operation is present in two stages.
And as for the part B of this experiment, we have analyzed and observed the
voltages in the RC-coupled amplifier. In this type of amplifier, there is a coupling
capacitor present between the output of the first amplifier and the input of the
second amplifier. Comparing the voltage output of the first stage and the input of
the second stage, the voltage readings are somehow not equal. Meaning, the
isolation is present between the two stages of amplifiers. Just like in the directcoupled amplifier, both transistors are also in active mode.
And as for the last part of the experiment which is the part C, we have
analyzed the transformer-coupled amplifier. In this type of amplifier, from the
name itself, it has a transformer between the output and input of transistors 1 and 2.
And also, based on the junction voltages, we can conclude that both transistors
were used again in its active mode. Just like in the RC-coupled amplifier, there is
isolation between the two stages because the output voltage of the first stage is not
equal to the input voltage of the second stage.

CONCLUSION
Cascaded amplifiers have several stages of amplification in which the output
of one amplifier drives the input of the next amplifier.
In a direct-coupled amplifier, the output of the first amplifier is directly
connected to the input of the second amplifier without any coupling
capacitor. Also, the amplifier is not isolated.

In an RC-coupled amplifier, a coupling capacitor is placed between the

output of the first amplifier and the input of the second amplifier. Unlike in
a direct-coupled amplifier, the two stages of an RC-coupled amplifier is
isolated because the coupling capacitor acts as an open circuit.
In a transformer-coupled amplifier, the input of the second stage amplifier is
separated by a transformer to the output of the first stage. Just like in the
RC-coupled amplifier, the isolation is present between the two stages of a
transformer-coupled amplifier because of the presence and characteristics of
a transformer.

REFERENCES:
Cruz, F. R. (2005). Electronics 2: Student Manual. Manila: Mapua Institute of
Technology.
Paglinawan, A., Chua, V. D., Martin-Sejera, M., Sejera, M., & Paglinawan, C.
(2011). Lecture Notes in Electronics 2. Manila: Mapua Institute of
Technology.

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