SISTEM PRODUKSI

Distribusi & Logistik

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

Skema Sistem Distribusi

Distribution Centers (DC) & Warehousing
E-Business
Distribusi
Mekanisme DRP

Kuliah ke-8:
HW #5: Kerjakan ulang Contoh DRP halaman 34-36 ppt ini. (tidak dikumpul)
Kuliah ke-8: Selasa, 10-17 November 2015

I. Skema Sistem Distribusi

Factory

Central
Supply

Distribution
Center A

Distribution
Center B
Customers

Distribution
Center C

Distribution Inventory Objectives

To provide the required level of customer service
To minimize the cost of transportation and
handling
To interact with the factory to minimize scheduling
problems

Distribution

Encompasses all channels, processes, and functions,

including warehousing and transportation, that a product
passes on its way to final customer
Often called logistics
Logistics
Transportation and distribution of goods and services
Driving force today is speed
Particularly important for Internet dot-coms

Logistics
Logistics:
The art and science of obtaining, producing, and
distributing material and product in the proper
place and in a proper quantities.
(The Association for Operations Management)
Logistics:
Refers to the movement of materials and
information within a facility and to incoming and
outgoing shipments of goods and materials in a
supply chain

Contoh: Amazon.com

Jeff Bezos (1995): Amazon.com started as a

virtual retailer no inventory, no warehouses,
no overhead; just computers taking orders to be
filled by others
Growth has forced Amazon.com to become a
world leader in warehousing and inventory
management

Contoh:
Amazon.com

Design for Logistics

Economic packaging and transportation

Designing products that can be efficiently packed and stored
Cheaper to transport:
redesign if products cube out before they weigh out
less storage space, stack easily, ship in bulk
Concurrent and parallel processing
Modify the manufacturing process (product design)
Steps that were performed in sequence can now be completed at
the same time
Postponement / delayed differentiation
Aggregate demand information is more accurate than disaggregate data:
Re-sequencing, commonality, modularity, standardization

II. Distribution Centers (DC) &

Warehousing
DCs are some of the largest business facilities in
the US
Trend is for more frequent orders in smaller
quantities
Flow-through facilities and automated material
handling
Postponement
final assembly and product configuration may
be done at the DC

2.1. Warehouse Management Systems (WMS)

Highly automated system that runs day-to-day

operations of a DC
Controls item putaway, picking, packing, and
shipping
Features
transportation management
order management
yard management
labor management
warehouse optimization

Contoh: A WMS

2.2. Postponement
Postponement moves some final manufacturing steps like assy or individual
product customization into warehouse or distribution center.
Examples:
HP Deskjet Printer configuration
Taco Bell
Postponement of final programming of semiconductor devices
Assemble to order rather than assemble to stock (Dell Computer)
Bennetton Corporation producing grey stock
- Benefit: reduce lead time
- Disbenefit: create higher inventory carrying costs.
Therefore: SC members must work together to synchronize their demand
forecasts and carefully manage inventory.

2. 3. Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)

VMI: Contoh dari mengapa database informasi
dan kolaborasi dibutuhkan.
Contoh: P&G dengan Wall-Mart, dan Dell Inc.

Manufacturers generate orders, not distributors

or retailers
Stocking information is accessed using EDI
A first step towards supply chain collaboration
Increased speed, reduced errors, and improved
service
Contoh: P&G dan Wal, Dell Computer

Contoh VMI: P&G - Wal-Mart

Contoh: Relationship between Facilities and

Functions along the Wal-Mart Supply Chain
Keyword: process integration, real time, share database

2.4. Collaborative Planning, Forecasting

& Replenishment (CPFR)
CPFR membutuhkan dukungan database dari masingmasing perusahaan yang terlibat, dan kolaborasi (kerjasama,
saling percaya, positive thinking, win-win solution).

Process for two or more companies in a supply chain to

synchronize their demand forecasts into a single plan to

meet customer demand
Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment
(CPFR) create greater economies of scale
Parties electronically exchange
past sales trends
point-of-sale data
on-hand inventory
scheduled promotions
forecasts

2.5. ERP (SCM Software)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Software that integrates components of a company by
sharing and organizing information and data
ERP software: SAP, Oracle, etc.
Objective ERP System:
Mengkoordinasikan keseluruhan bisnis dan informasi perusahaan,
dari evaluasi supplier sampai invoice untuk pelanggan (customers).
Kemampuan ERP:
1). Mengintegrasikan secara otomatis seluruh business processes.
2). Sharing database, dan praktek-praktek bisnis di dalam perusahaan.
3). Informasi secara real time.

Contoh: Linking Supply Chain with SAP

MRP and ERP Information Flows, Integrated with

Other Systems
CRM

SCM

III. E-Business
Information Technology as Supply Chain Enabler

Illustration: RFID Capabilities

Illustration: RFID Capabilities (cont.)

Contoh: Build-to-Order Cars

E-Procurement

Direct purchase from suppliers over the Internet

Direct products go directly into production

process a product, indirect products not

E-marketplaces
web sites where companies and suppliers
conduct business-to-business activities
Reverse auction
a company posts orders on the Internet for
suppliers to bid on

Contoh E- Procurement: Online Sourcing/

Procurement Process

Online Sourcing/ Procurement Process (cont.)

Online Sourcing/ Procurement Process (cont.)

IV. Distribusi
Distribusi - Pemindahan produk atau material
antara beberapa lokasi
Manajemen Distribusi - Pengaturan material dan
produk pada tempat penerimaan, penyimpanan
(store), packaging, dan pengiriman (shipment)
pesanan.
Distribution Center - Tempat menerima,
menangani, menyimpan, mengepak, dan
mengirim produk.

Distribution inventories

Permintaan pada
distribution center
uniform

ROP

Pemesanan
distribution center
saat order point dicapai

Lead Time

Permintaan pada
central supply tergantung
pada saat pemesanan
dari distribution centers

Klasifikasi Sistem Distribusi

1.

Sistem Desentralisasi (Pull System)

Cirinya: Tiap distribution center menentukan apa &
kapan pemesanan barang, dan kapan melakukan
pemesanan ke central supply.
Kelebihan: Tiap center beroperasi secara bebas,
dan mengurangi biaya komunikasi dan koordinasi.
Kelemahan: Kurang koordinasi yang berdampak
pada inventories, customer service, dan factory
schedules.
Sistem pemesanan: Bisa order point atau periodic
review system.

2.

Sistem Sentralisasi (Push System)

Cirinya: Semua peramalan permintaan,
perencanaan dan keputusan pemesanan
dilakukan secara terpusat (oleh central supply).
Kelebihan:
Stok di pushed ke distribution centers dari
central supply
Stok terdistribusi ke seluruh centers.
Kelemahan:
Distribution centers sangat tergantung dan
hanya menerima pasokan dari central supply
Ada kemungkinan short supply di centers.

V. Mekanisme DRP
(Distribution Requirement Planning)
Distribution Center A
Part 5678
Week

Distribution Center B
Part 5678
1

Planned Order Release 200

Week

200

Planned Order Release

Central Supply
Part 5678
Lead Time: 2 weeks
Order Quantity: 500
Week

Gross Requirements
Scheduled Receipts
Projected Available 400
Planned Order Release

200

100

200
500

100

200
500
400

2
100

Contoh DRP
Diketahui: Pabrik mesin pemotong rumput (lawnmowers)
mempunyai central supply dan dua distribution center.
Permintaan distribution center A 25, 30, 55, 50 dan 30
unit selama 5 minggu dan mempunyai 100 unit in transit pada
minggu ke-2. Waktu transit 2 minggu, order quantity 100 unit
dan ada 50 unit di tangan.
Distribution center B meramalkan permintaan 95, 85, 100, 70 dan
50 unit selama 5 minggu. Waktu transit 1 minggu, order quantity
200 unit, dan ada 100 unit di tangan.
Hitung:
a) Gross requirement, projected available, and planned order
release untuk kedua distribution center; dan
b) Gross requirements, projected available, dan planned order release
untuk central warehouse!

Distribution Center A
Transit Time: 2 weeks
Order Quantity: 100 units
Week

Gross Requirements

25

30

55

50

30

In Transit

100

Projected Available 50

25

95

Planned Order Release

100

40

90

60

100

Distribution Center B
Transit Time: 1 week
Order Quantity: 200 units
Week

Gross Requirements

95

85

100

70

50

120

20

150

100

In Transit

Projected Available

100

Planned Order Release

200

200

Central Supply
Lead Time: 2 weeks
Order Quantity: 500 units
Week

Gross Requirements

200

100

200

200

100

400

Scheduled Receipts
Projected Available

400

Planned Order Release

500

THANK YOU