01 Technical Folder Stora Enso Building Solutions CLT

Stora Enso Building and Living
Building Solutions
Stora Enso 2012 / All rights reserved

Version 04/2012
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Product information
Product information
CLT CHARACTERISTICS
04/2012
Use
Primarily as a wall, ceiling and roof panel in homes and other buildings
Maximum width
2.95 m
Maximum length
16.00 m
Maximum thickness
40 cm
Layer structure
Bonded, cross-laminated single-layer panels
Wood species
Spruce (middle layers can contain pine; larch and pine as cover layer on request)
Grade of lamellas
C24 (in accordance with the technical approval 10 % to strength class C16 allowed; other
grades on request)
Moisture content
12% 2%
Bonding adhesive
Formaldehyde-free adhesives for edge bonding, finger jointing and surface bonding
Surface quality
Non-visible quality, industrial visible quality and visible quality; the surface is always sanded
Weight
5.0 kN/m in accordance with DIN 1055-1:2002, for structural analyses;

for ascertaining transport weight: approx. 470 kg/m
Swelling and shrinkage in accordance with DIN 1052:2008 below the fibre saturation level:
Change in shape with
change in moisture
content
In the panel layer: 0.02% change in length for each 1% change in timber moisture
content
Perpendicular to the panel layer: 0.24% change in length for each 1% change in timber
moisture content
In accordance with Commission Decision 2003/43/EC:
Fire rating
Timber components apart from floors Euroclass D-s2, d0

Floors Euroclass Dfl-s1
Water vapour diffusion

resistance
According to EN 12524 20 to 50
Thermal conductivity
According to the SP Technical Research Institute of Swedens expert opinion of 10.07.2009

0.11 W/(mK)
Specific heat capacity cp
According to EN 12524 1600 j/(kgK)
Airtightness
CLT panels are made of single-layer panels and are therefore extremely airtight. The
airtightness of a 3-layer CLT panel and of panel joints has been tested to EN 12 114 where
it was found that that the volumetric rates of flow were outside the measurable range.
Service class/usability
According to EN 1995-1-1, can be used in service classes 1 and 2
Product information
04/2012
CLT STANDARD DESIGNS
Length
C panels
Nominal
thickness
[mm]
Designation
[]
Layers
[]
60
80
90
100
120
100
120
140
160
C3s
C3s
C3s
C3s
C3s
C5s
C5s
C5s
C5s
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
Lamella structure
[mm]
C
20
30
30
30
40
20
30
40
40
L
20
20
30
40
40
20
20
20
20
C
20
30
30
30
40
20
20
20
40
C3s
20
20
20
20
20
30
40
40
C5s
Length
L p an el s
Nominal
thickness
[mm]
60
80
90
100
120
100
120
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
240
220
240
260
280
300
320
Designation
[]
Layers
[]
L3s
L3s
L3s
L3s
L3s
L5s
L5s
L5s
L5s
L5s
L5s
L5s-2*
L7s
L7s
L7s
L7s-2*
L7s-2*
L7s-2*
L7s-2*
L8s-2**
L8s-2**
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
L
20
30
30
30
40
20
30
40
40
40
40
60
30
20
30
60
80
80
80
80
80
* Cover layers consisting of 2 lengthwise layers

** Cover layers and inner layer consisting of 2 lengthwise layers
Width (Charged widths):
Length (Production lengths):
Width
C
20
20
30
40
40
20
20
20
20
30
40
40
20
40
40
30
20
30
40
30
40
Lamella structure
[mm]
L
C
L
20
30
30
30
40
20
20
20
20
20
30
20
20
40
40
20
40
40
30
40
40
40
40
60
30
20
30
20
40
20
30
40
30
40
30
60
40
20
80
40
30
80
40
40
80
80
30
80
80
40
80
L3s
L5s
L5s-2*
L7s
20
40
40
30
20
30
L7s-2*
L8s-2**
Status: 04/2012
245 cm, 275 cm, 295 cm

From minimum production length of 8.00 m per charged width up to max. 16.00 m (in 10 cm increments).
Width
Product information
04/2012
PANEL STRUCTURE
CLT solid wood panels are made up of bonded single-layer panels arranged at right angles to one another. The
max. production width is 2.95 m and the max. production length 16.00 m.
Example: structure of a 5-layer CLT solid wood panel
narrow-side bond
flat dovetailing
+
surface bond
narrow-side bond
+
max. 16.00 m
max. 2.95 m
Product information
04/2012
SURFACE QUALITY
Surface quality appearance grade/Product characteristics
CHARACTERISTICS
Bonding
VI
IVI
NVI
occasional open joints up to occasional open joints up to occasional open joints up to

max. 1 mm width permitted max. 2 mm width permitted max. 3 mm width permitted
Blue stains
not permitted
slight discolouration
permitted
permitted
Discolorations (brown
stains, etc.)
not permitted
not permitted
permitted
Resin galls
no knot clusters,
max. 5 x 50 mm
max. 10 x 90 mm
permitted
Bark ingrowth
occasional occurrences
permitted
occasional occurrences
permitted
permitted
Dry cracks
occasional surface
cracks permitted
permitted
permitted
Core pith
occasional, up to 40 cm
long permitted
permitted
permitted
Insect damage
not permitted
not permitted
occasional small holes

up to 2 mm permitted
Knots sound
permitted
permitted
permitted
Knots black
max. 1.5 cm
max. 3 cm
permitted
Knots hole
max. 1 cm
max. 2 cm
permitted
Rough edges
not permitted
not permitted
max. 2 x 50 cm
Surface
100% sanded
100% sanded
max. 10% of surface rough
Quality of surface finish
occasional small faults

permitted
occasional faults
permitted
occasional faults
permitted
Quality of narrow side

bonding and face ends
occasional small faults

permitted
occasional faults
permitted
occasional faults
permitted
Chamfer on L panels
yes
no
no
Rework edge of
cut with sandpaper
yes
no
no
Machining chainsaw
not permitted
permitted
permitted
Lamella width
130 mm
max. 230 mm
max. 230 mm
Wood moisture
max. 11%
max. 15%
max. 15%
Timber species mixture
not permitted
not permitted
permitted with
spruce/silver fir, pine
VI Visible quality
IVI Industrial Visible

quality
NVI Non-Visible quality
Product information
QUALITY DESCRIPTIONS
Stora Enso offers three different CLT single-layer panel qualities:

NVI Non-visible quality
IVI Industrial visible quality
VI Visible quality
The three different single-layer panel qualities are available with the following CLT surface qualities:
NVI quality description
NVI (Non-visible quality)
INV quality description

IVI (Industrial visible quality) ..
..
..
VI quality description
VI
(Visible quality)
04/2012
Product information
04/2012
QUALITY DESCRIPTIONS
BVI quality description

VI
(Visible quality)
VI
(Visible quality)
IBI quality description

IVI (Industrial visible quality)
IVI quality description

VI
(Visible quality)
Overview
Cover layer
NVI
VI
VI
IVI
IVI
VI
Quality description
NVI
VI
BVI
INV
IBI
IVI
Cover layer
NVI
NVI
VI
NVI
IVI
IVI
Product information
APPROVALS
National technical approval (DIBt)
The German Institute for Structural Engineering (DIBt), Germanys approval body, awards national technical approvals for building products and
building techniques.
The national technical approval regulates the manufacture and use of CLT
and is the basis for the symbolthe German mark of conformity.
European Technical Approval (ETA)
ETA regulates the manufacture and use of CLT in Europe and is the basis
for the CE mark.
PEFC
PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes
is the mark for wood and paper products from environmentally, economically
and socially sustainable forestry operations along the entire processing
chain.
For customers, the PEFC mark confirms that the purchase of a marked
product guarantees and supports environmentally sound forestry management.
The mark guarantees that the product has been subject to monitoring in accordance with rigorous criteria, from the forest to the end product. Evidence
of compliance is provided by Stora Enso and is regularly checked by independent bodies.
04/2012
Product information
GENERAL INFORMATION
04/2012
Assembly
To assemble the CLT product safely and without causing damage, utmost care must be taken during assembly.
During assembly, pay particular attention to the following points:

Use appropriate hoisting and rigging gear for the product.

In the case of large cut-outs (e.g. windows), pay attention to stability/bracing requirements (danger of buckling
during lifting).
Take care not to damage sensitive areas such as edges, visible sides, etc.
Protect from dirt (for example, cover VI/IVI panels with aluminium foil or cardboard).
Protect CLT from the effects of weather and from coming into contact with water.
Take the necessary steps to ensure fire protection and sound insulation (standards).
Only use CLT for service class I and II applications. It should be pointed out that directly exposing CLT to the
weather or to constant, extremely high levels of humidity is not permitted or is at the users risk.
Instruct all other crews involved in the building project and refer them to our website: www.clt.info.
Swelling and shrinkage processes

Wood absorbs moisture and releases it again according to the relative humidity and temperature of the air.
Swelling (undulating surface):

Humidity levels are too high, e.g.: due to moisture in the building from concrete, floor screeds, etc. Should be
avoided at all costs. However, this levels out again to some extent as soon as the original equilibrium moisture content is re-established by means of dehumidification or careful heating. With CLT, which is made from
the natural material of wood, the recommended optimum humidity is between 40 and 60%.
Shrinkage cracks (cracked surface):
Humidity levels are too low, e.g. high indoor temperature during the heating period, domestic ventilation, etc.
Should be avoided. However, this levels out again to some extent as soon as the original equilibrium moisture content can be re-established by means of air humidification. This can also be achieved by air humidifiers, indoor fountains, plants, etc.
Shrinkage cracks or open joints have no impact on CLTs load-bearing capacity or structural and physical properties. These are not defects of the solid wood product, CLT. Due to the natural properties of wood, tensions may
develop in the cross-laminated timber, causing stress cracks to appear during initial periods of use.
Changes in surface colour
The UV element of natural light causes darkening and yellowing of the surface of spruce. Therefore, it is important not to wait too long before carrying out any necessary reworking (e.g. sanding) as otherwise this could
result in a patchy overall finish. When assembling visible quality panels, care must be taken to ensure that they
are not partially covered to prevent uneven darkening.
Surface treatment
In principle, paints and coatings suitable for wood can also be used for CLT.
For more information about CLT, visit our website: www.clt.info.
Construction
Construction
GENERAL INFORMATION
04/2012
The information below provides an example of Stora Ensos construction proposals

A Shell construction
Plinth/Wall anchorage
Wall joint
Lintel
Ceiling
Ground floor wall ceiling top floor wall connecting nodes
Roof
Cantilever/coat
B Layer structure
External walls
Internal walls
Floor structure
Slab (underside)
Roof
Party wall
Building partition wall
C Details
Plinth/Wall anchorage
Window connection
Door joint
Cantilever
Pitched roof
Flat roof
Electric installation
Sanitary installation
Fireplace
Stairs
D Other applications
Industrial and commercial buildings
Multi-storey residential buildings
Building extensions
Structural engineering
Constructions or structures must be tested separately and calculated on a case by case basis with regard to the structural analysis, building physics and feasibility. The actual professional implementation
is the responsibility of the crews authorised to perform the work.
A_Shell construction
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
1 Base and wall anchoring

1.1 Base with mortar bed
CLT wall board
seal against
rising damp
vertical seal
wall anchoring
(according to structural analysis)
foundation
mortar bed
Execution
The CLT board can be installed on a dry or wet mortar bed
for tolerance compensation (full surface contact). The CLT
must be protected against rising damp using a suitable
damp-proof seal.
Illustration
The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural

components depend on the structural requirements.
When fitting the wall anchoring (tensile and shear forces), the
permissible edge distances for the connectors must be
observed.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
1.2 Base with sill plate
CLT wall board

joint-sealing tape
vertical seal
seal against
rising damp
wall anchoring
foundation
sill plate
Execution
The CLT wall board must be sealed to the previously installed
sill plate (e.g. larch) with joint-sealing tape. The sill plate in
turn must be protected against damp rising from the
foundation.
Illustration

observed.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
1.3 Base with raised sill plate
CLT wall board

joint-sealing tape
vertical seal
sill plate anchorage
(according to structural
analysis)
seal against
rising damp
wall anchoring
foundation
sill plate
Execution
foundation.
A raised sill plate enables a small but often necessary
increase in the wall height from 2,950mm to approx.
3,050mm.
Illustration

observed.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
1.4 Concrete base (mortar bed)
CLT wall board
seal against
rising damp
wall anchoring
vertical seal
foundation
mortar bed
Execution
The CLT board can be installed on a dry or wet mortar bed
for tolerance compensation (full surface contact). The CLT
must be protected against rising damp using a suitable
damp-proof seal.
Illustration

observed.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
1.5 Concrete base (sill plate)
CLT wall board

vertical seal
analysis)
seal against
rising damp
wall anchoring
foundation
sill plate
Execution
foundation.
In the case of wall anchorings, as shown in the picture on the
left, please note that costs will be higher because of the horizontal and vertical loads that have to be absorbed.
Illustration

When screwing the CLT board to the sill plate, the permissible edge distances for the connectors must be observed.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2 Wall joints
Basic design rules
WALL JOINTS:
1. CLT wall boards should preferably be full-storey
height (no joints).
CLT ceiling board
maximum wall height 2,950mm
(3,950mm on request)
CL
Tw
CL
Tw
all
all
bo
bo
a rd
a rd
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
2. If the walls are higher than 2,950mm or if extrawide boards (requiring special transport) are to be
avoided, the wall boards can be joined vertically.
(see details under 2.6 and 2.7)
vertical wall joint
3. If alternatives 1 and 2 cannot be used, the boards

must be joined horizontally.
(see details under 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5)
horizontal wall joint

CLT ceiling board
CL
Tw
CL
Tw
all
all
bo
bo
a rd
a rd
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.1 Corner joint
joint bonding with suitable

adhesive tape (variant)
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
screw connection
Execution
To achieve the required airtightness in a building, the joints of
the CLT boards can, apart from joint-sealing tape, alternatively be sealed with suitable adhesive tape on the inside and
outside of the boards.
Illustration

The screw connection at the corner joint must be made
either purely constructionally (screw at90) or in a structurally effective way (slanted end-grain screwing) .
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.2 T-joint
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
screw connection
analysis)
Execution
If the individual rooms in the building are required to be
airtight, the joints of the CLT boards must be sealed with
joint-sealing tape.
Illustration

The screw connection at the T-joint must be made either
purely constructionally (screw at 90) or in a structurally
effective way (slanted end-grain screwing) .
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.3 Horizontal wall joint (butt board)

The joints shown have only
limited torque rigidity!
butt board
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
clearance
screw connection
analysis)
clearance
butt board
joint-sealing tape
joint-sealing tape
(second rebate may require
double-sided machining)
Execution
When using butt boards (e.g. 3-layer board or laminated
veneer lumber), the standard rebate dimensions of
2780mm should preferably be ensured.
Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure
airtight.
Illustration

In the case of wall joints with rebated butt boards please
note that the end-grain surface of the CLT boards becomes
smaller as a result of the rebate (surface pressure).
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.4 Horizontal wall joint (butt jointing)
screw connection
analysis)
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
if required, also as an additional support for

joists, rafters and purlins (surface pressure)
vertical wall post in the insulation layer

(note risk of buckling)
Execution
airtight.

If positioned appropriately, an interior wall can also assume

the function of the wall post shown in the drawing.
The vertical wall post can serve as an additional support for,

for example, joists or purlins (higher surface pressure).
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.5 Horizontal wall joint (external butt boards)
butt board
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
connection to wall board (nails, screws,
staples), according to structural analysis
Execution
When external butt boards are used (e.g. 3-layer plate or
laminated veneer lumber), the subsequent layer structure
must be adapted to them.
airtight.

With this type of CLT wall board connection in particular the
danger of buckling must be taken into account.
The joint can also be adhesively bonded to enhance its
rigidity.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.6 Vertical wall joint (lap)
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
clearance
screw connection purely constructional
screw connection when high shear force is transmitted at joint
Execution
airtight.

The design must provide sufficient clearance (on one side),

depending on the installation situation.
If high shear force transmission at the joint cannot be

avoided, the connectors must be specifically dimensioned
and positioned as these forces require.
Make allowance for joint-sealing tape in the rebate height, if

necessary.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2.7 Vertical wall joint (butt board)
CLT wall board

joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
clearance
butt board
screw connection
Execution
When using butt boards (e.g. 3-layer board or laminated
veneer lumber), the standard rebate dimensions of
2780mm should preferably be ensured.
airtight.
Illustration

Instead of using screws, the butt board can be connected to
the CLT wall boards with suitable glue which improves the
transmission of the shear forces.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
3 Lintels
3.1 Continuous lintel
window opening
CLT wall board
sill height
CLT ceiling board

continuous lintel
window opening
CLT wall board
Execution
If the lintel height is not sufficient from a structural engineering standpoint, there must be an appropriately dimensioned upstand from which the lintel can be suspended. If a
wall above the lintel is used as an upstand, it is essential to
take account of the sill height of any window openings.

The lintel can be connected to the upstand (upper wall) with,
for example, perforated metal plates or screws (end-grain
screwing should be avoided in this case).
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
3.2 Engaged lintel
window opening
CLT wall board

CLT ceiling board
engaged lintel (glulam)
window opening
engaged
lintel (CLT)
CLT wall board
Execution
An engaged lintel must be dimensioned according to the
loads and forces acting on it.

Attention must be paid to the surface pressure in the lintel

support area.
CLT lintels absorb and transmit shear forces significantly

better than glulam lintels. This is because of the lack of
transverse layers in glulam.
Construction
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4 Ceiling
4.1 Ceiling joint (butt board)
CLT ceiling board

clearance
butt board
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
fastenings
Execution
When using butt boards at ceiling joints (e.g. OSB, 3-layer
board or laminated veneer lumber), the standard rebate
dimensions of 2780mm should preferably be ensured.
Joint-sealing tape must be used if necessary to make the
connection airtight.
Illustration

Appropriately sized nails, screws or staples can be used as
connectors (note permissible minimum diameter).
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.2 Ceiling joint (lap)
CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board

clearance
clearance
CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
screw connection
joint-sealing tape
screw connection under high shear flow
Execution

The design must provide sufficient clearance (on one side),

depending on the installation situation.
If high shear flow can be expected at the joint, the connectors must be dimensioned and positioned accordingly.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.3 Ceiling joint (structural analysis, transverse tension)
CLT ceiling board

clearance
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
static system:
CLT ceiling board

clearance
CLT ceiling board
screw connection to increase transverse

tension (according to structural analysis)
screw connection for shear force transmission at the joint

static system:
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
joist
screw connection to joist

screw connection to increase transverse tension
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Execution

The design must provide sufficient clearance, depending on

the installation situation.
Depending on the static system, fully threaded screws must

be used in order to secure effective lateral force connections
at the joint and the point of support.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.4 Steel joist
CLT ceiling board
steel girder as a joist

(under the ceiling)
CLT ceiling board

(clearance to steel girder)

(rebated at top and bottom)
screw connection
(according to
structural analysis)
CLT ceiling board

gypsum cardboard /
gypsum fibreboard

(rebated at bottom, not rebated at top)
screw connection
CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
CLT ceiling board

(rebated at top and bottom)
depending on rebate dimensions

or to protect against transverse tension
derived timber board

(joist cladding)
screw connection (according to structural analysis)
Execution
Joint-sealing tape must be inserted or other tape bonded if
necessary to make the connection airtight.

To ensure trouble-free assembly, CLT ceiling boards must

have sufficient clearance because of the cross-section of
steel girders.
In the case of specific fire protection requirements, metal

joists must be clad or coated with special paint.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.5 Wooden joist
screw connection
CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board
screw connection
joist (glulam)
joist (glulam)
Execution
Illustration

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.6 Joist (wall cut-out)
suitable adhesive tape

(airtight)
clearance
screw connection
joist (glulam)
CLT wall board
reinforce support, if necessary (surface pressure)
Execution
A suitable adhesive tape (joint bonding) must be used if
necessary to make the structure airtight.


If necessary, the support surface in the wall board must be

reinforced with a metal plate and fully threaded screws
(pressure).
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.7 Joist (column)
screw connection
analysis)
joist (glulam)
column
(joist support)
CLT wall board
Execution
Illustration

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.8 Joist (beam holder)
slotted plate and dowel pins

joist (glulam)
CLT wall board
Execution

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
joist fastened with concealed beam holder

joist (glulam)
CLT wall board
Execution

Appropriate beam holders must be used which correspond
to the dimensions of the joists.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.9 Joist bearer
joist bearer
further ceiling structure
ceiling beam
CLT wall board

joint-sealing tape
rebate
(preserving middle layer)
CLT wall board
joist bearer
further ceiling
structure
ceiling beam
CLT wall board

joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
Execution

To ensure airtightness of the CLT wall board, it is essential to

preserve its middle layer (rebate area).
Please note: Rebating reduces the support surface at the

joint; additionally, the joist bearer can shrink, which would
make load transfer impossible (surface pressure).
Construction
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.10 Wooden beam ceiling
CLT ceiling board
ceiling beam
(glulam)
screw connection
Execution
Deflection (serviceability check) of the ceiling board must be
taken into account (centre distance of the beams and
dimensions of the ceiling).
Illustration

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
4.11 Ribbed ceiling
CLT ceiling board
screw connection
rib
(glulam)
Execution
Deflection (serviceability check) of the ceiling board must be
taken into account (centre distance of the ribs and dimensions of the ceiling).
Structural connection between the ribs and ceiling by means
of screwing or gluing.
Illustration

Ceiling (with span direction parallel to that of the ribs) can be
included in the structural analysis or can be estimated.
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
5 Lower floor wall ceiling upper floor wall

connection node
5.1 Platform framing
screw connection of T-joint
analysis)
joint bonding with suitable
adhesive tape
(variant)
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board

wall-to-ceiling screw connection
wall anchoring
CLT ceiling board
Execution

Wall anchoring for structurally effective connection between
wall and ceiling (shear and tensile forces).
Screw connection of T-joint from inside or outside.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
wall-to-ceiling screw connection

joint bonding with

suitable adhesive tape
(variant)
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board

wall anchoring
CLT ceiling board
Execution
Illustration

Wall anchoring for structurally effective connection between
wall and ceiling (shear forces in wall direction; tensile and
compressive forces from wind load).
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
5.2 Balloon framing

CLT wall board
CLT wall board

clearance
CLT ceiling board

CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
angle bracket as a support

(rating according to
joint-sealing
tape
angle bracket as a support

(rating according to structural analysis)
Execution
In the case of specific fire protection requirements, the angle
bracket on which the ceiling board rests must be clad.

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6 Roof
6.1 CLT roof structure (eaves laths)
CLT roof board
screw connection
joint-sealing tape
eaves lath
screw connection
CLT wall board
Execution
airtight.

Note edge distances of screw connection.
The screw connection between the roof and wall boards

absorbs shear forces acting in the direction of the point of
support and suction forces from the wind load.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6.2 CLT roof structure (butted against wall board)
CLT roof board
joint-sealing tape
screw connection
CLT wall board
Execution
airtight.

Only the CLT wall board needs a bevelled edge, with the CLT
roof board forming the roof projection and soffit.

Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6.3 CLT roof structure (birdsmouth joint)
CLT roof board
joint-sealing tape
screw connection
CLT wall board
Execution
airtight.

The CLT wall board has a straight edge requiring a birdsmouth to be machined in the roof board (please note that
the birdsmouth must not be too deep, otherwise it might
weaken the lower longitudinal layer).

Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6.4 Rafter roof (rafter cut-outs in the wall board)
clearance
screw connection
(according to
rafter
CLT wall board
Execution
Sufficient clearance must be provided in the rafter cut-outs
in the wall.

Depending on requirements, joint-sealing tape or exterior

adhesive tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
The screw connection between the rafters and CLT wall

board absorbs the suction forces of the wind.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6.5 Rafter roof (birdsmouth in rafter)
screw connection
(according to
rafter
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
purlin extension
joint-sealing tape
Execution
When purlin extensions are attached, they must reach at
least as far as the first rafter inside the gable wall.

Depending on requirements, joint-sealing tape or exterior

adhesive tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
The screw connection between the rafters and CLT wall

board or purlin extension absorbs the suction forces of the
wind.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6.6 Ridge (with purlin)
ridge purlin
clearance
(between CLT roof boards)
screw connection
CLT roof board
joint-sealing tape
Execution
The prescribed support point widths and areas must be
observed.
Ensure that the birdsmouth is sufficiently deep, based on the
structure of the roof board (number of layers).
airtight.
Illustration

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
6.7 Ridge (without purlin) in folded-plate structures

screw connection
analysis)
screw connection
(according to
CLT roof board
CLT roof board
Execution
airtight.

The roof is fitted with the aid of falsework.
In this case, the screw connection of the CLT roof boards

can mainly absorb and transmit shear forces.
Illustration
Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
7 Cantilever/upstand
7.1 Wooden upstand
CLT ceiling board
upstand (glulam)
screw connection
Execution
The screw connection between the ceiling boards and the
upstand depends on the forces acting. The choice is
between fully threaded screws and partly threaded flat-head
screws.
When using partly threaded flat-head screws ensure that the
head is buried.

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
7.2 Steel upstand
CLT ceiling board
upstand (steel girder)
screw connection
Execution
In this case, fully threaded and partly headed screws can be
used for the screw connection. As the screwing is carried
out from above, steel beams of low cross-sectional height
must be provided with holes in the upper flange (through
which screws can be inserted).

Construction
04/2012
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
7.3 Wall as an upstand
CLT ceiling board

wall functions
as an
upstand
screw connection
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
sill
he
igh
Please note: If the wall has a window opening in this

position, it can no longer be used as a cantilever and
a support for other walls.
metal plate
(reinforcement of support point)
Execution
When using upper-floor wall boards as upstands (for
attaching the ceiling above), window openings and their sill
height must be taken into account.
Use metal plates and fully threaded screws to transmit
forces from end grain to end grain (pressure).

Cantilever ceilings must be connected to upper wall boards
with closely spaced, fully threaded screws.
Construction
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Illustration
04/2012
B_Layer structure
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
1 External wall
1.1 Insulation with mineral wool
wooden batten
(intermediate structure
in the insulation layer)
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Structure:
CLT wall board

insulation (mineral wool)
vertical seal (for windtightness)
battens
horizontal wall cladding
CLT wall board
Execution
Heavy faades (material weight and wind load) must be
structurally analysed and the battens sized accordingly.

Ensure adequate air circulation (battens).
Layer structures must be matched to the required structuralphysical properties of the design.
The windtight and watertight layer must be appropriately

designed to take account of the execution of the faade.
Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
1.2 Insulation with softboard
battens
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Structure:
CLT wall board

insulation (softboard)
battens and counter battens
vertical wall cladding
CLT wall board
Execution


Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Structure:
CLT wall board

plaster (incl. base)
CLT wall board
Execution
Splash-water areas must be constructed in accordance with
the requirements (XPS insulation).

The structural-physical properties of the plaster coat must

be matched to the wall structure.
Suitable profile sections must be used to protect plaster

edges.
Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
1.3 Insulation with cellulose
I-beam
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Structure:
CLT wall board

insulation (cellulose)
battens
CLT wall board
Execution


Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
I-beam
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Structure:
CLT wall board

insulation (cellulose)
CLT wall board
Execution

The structural-physical properties of the plaster coat must

be matched to the wall structure.
Suitable profile sections must be used to protect plaster

edges.
Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
1.4 EPS insulation
insulation dowel
or insulation nail
(fastening
according to
ETICS
manufacturers)
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Structure:
CLT wall board
insulation (expanded polystyrene)
CLT wall board
Execution

Apart from its price advantage, EPS insulation and its suitability in combination with wooden constructions must be
viewed critically in terms of the environment, sound insulation, impermeability etc.
Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
2 Internal wall
2.1 CLT in visible quality
Structure:
CLT wall board
wall anchoring
requirement)
joint-sealing
tape
Execution
joint-sealing tape.
With visible CLT boards a distinction is made between
single-side and double-side exposure.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
2.2 Direct facing
Structure:
CLT wall board
gypsum cardboard / gypsum
fibreboard
wall anchoring
requirement)
joint-sealing
tape
Execution
joint-sealing tape.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
2.3 Double facing
Structure:
wall anchoring
requirement)
CLT wall board

fibreboard
fibreboard
joint-sealing
tape
Execution
joint-sealing tape.
In the case of specific fire protection requirements, CLT
boards are faced with a double layer of gypsum cardboard
or gypsum fibreboard.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
2.4 Insulation panel (battens)
Structure:
wall anchoring
requirement)
CLT wall board

battens, insulation
(between battens)
fibreboard
joint-sealing
tape
Execution
joint-sealing tape.
The service cavity secures a certain improvement in sound
insulation but has disadvantages with regard to moisture
control and heat storage.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
2.5 Insulation panel (spring clips)
insulation strip
(between CLT
and battens)
wall anchoring
requirement)
Structure:
CLT wall board
battens (on spring clips),
insulation (between battens)
fibreboard
joint-sealing
tape
Execution
joint-sealing tape.
The service cavity secures a certain improvement in sound
insulation but has disadvantages with regard to moisture
control and heat storage.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
3 Floor structure
3.1 Wet screed
Structure:
screed
separating layer
impact sound insulation
fill (gravel)
trickle protection (optional)
CLT ceiling board
CLT wall board
screed
edge strip
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
The entire floor structure must always be designed according
to the mass-spring-mass principle (sound insulation
capacity).
Do not forget the screed edge strips (to prevent indirect
sound transmission).

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
Structure:
screed (underfloor heating)

separating layer
fill (gravel)
CLT ceiling board
CLT wall board
screed
edge strip
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
capacity).
Do not forget the screed edge strips (to prevent indirect
sound transmission).

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
3.2 Dry screed
Structure:
dry screed separating layer

fill (gravel)
CLT ceiling board
CLT wall board
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
capacity).

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
Structure:
plasterboard
plasterboard
wood wool board
fill (gravel)
CLT ceiling board
CLT wall board
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
capacity).

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
Structure:
OSB
wood wool board
separating layer
mineral wool
fill (gravel)
CLT ceiling board
CLT wall board
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
capacity).

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
4 Ceiling (soffit)
4.1 CLT in visible quality
Structure:
CLT ceiling board
Execution
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
4.2 Direct facing
Structure:
CLT ceiling board
fibreboard
Execution
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
4.3 Insulation panel (battens)
Structure:
CLT ceiling board
battens (on insulation strips)
fibreboard
Execution
A suspended ceiling secures a certain improvement in
sound insulation but has disadvantages with regard to the
CLT boards moisture control and heat storage capability.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
4.4 Insulation panel (spring clips)
insulation
(between battens)
insulation strip
spring clip
Structure:
CLT ceiling board
battens (fastened with spring clips)
fibreboard
fibreboard
Execution

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
4.5 Suspended system
services
Structure:
suspended
ceiling panels
CLT ceiling board

cavity (services)
suspension system with ceiling panels
Execution
Concealed routing of services is possible.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
5 Roof
5.1 Steep roof insulated with softboard
battens spaced
according to roofing
vapour barrier (optional!)
rafter
(fastened as
structurally required
[secured against
suction forces])
Structure:
(roofing)
battens
counter battens
roofing membrane
softboard (over rafters)
softboard (2layers)
CLT roof board
Execution
If the roof structure is suitably designed and the layers are
configured in the right order (with their permeability
increasing from inside to outside), a vapour barrier may be
omitted.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
5.2 Steep roof insulated with cellulose
battens spaced
I-beam
(intermediate
structure in the
insulation layer)
Structure:
(roofing)
battens
counter battens
roofing membrane
softboard (over rafters)
cellulose insulation
CLT roof board
Execution
omitted.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
5.3 Steep roof insulated with mineral wool
battens spaced
rafter
(fastened as
structurally required
[secured against
suction forces])
Structure:
(roofing)
battens
counter battens
roofing membrane
mineral wool
CLT roof board
Execution
omitted.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
5.4 Steep roof insulated with PUR
battens spaced
vapour barrier
Structure:
(roofing)
battens
counter battens
roofing membrane
PUR insulation
vapour barrier
CLT roof board
Execution
Because of the PUR insulations physical properties (nonpermeable) a vapour barrier must be fitted.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
04/2012
5.5 Flat roof
Structure:
fill (gravel)
roofing membrane
tapered insulation (EPS)
mineral wool
bitumen sheet
CLT roof board
Execution
The gravel fill serves to keep the roof cladding in place and
also to protect it against direct sunlight which would reduce
the materials durability.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
04/2012
Structure:
grass pavers
fill (gravel)
roofing membrane
tapered insulation (EPS)
mineral wool
bitumen sheet
CLT roof board
Execution
The gravel fill serves to keep the roof cladding in place and
also to protect it against direct sunlight which would reduce
the materials durability.

Construction
LAYER STRUCTURES
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
6 Partition wall within a home

6.1 Systems with single CLT structure
insulation strip
(between CLT and battens or
spring clips)
Structure:
spring clip
(sound insulation)
gypsum cardboard / gypsum fibreboard

battens (fastened with spring clips), insulation
(between battens)
CLT wall board
(between battens)
Execution

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
Structure:
composite element (wood wool board with
double-sided gypsum cardboard facing)
CLT wall board
composite element (wood wool board with
double-sided gypsum cardboard facing)
Execution

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
6.2 Systems with double CLT structure
insulation strip
(between CLT and battens
or spring clips)
Structure:
spring clip
(sound insulation)

(between battens)
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
(between battens)
Execution

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
Structure:
fire-protection plasterboard
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
Execution

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
7 Building partition wall

7.1 System without intermediate insulation
Structure:
CLT wall board
gypsum fibreboard (2layers)
cavity
CLT wall board
Execution
Materials or tools which , through carelessness, are dropped
into cavities can form a sound bridge.

Construction
04/2012
LAYER STRUCTURES
7.2 System with intermediate insulation
Structure:
CLT wall board
mineral wool
cavity
CLT wall board
Execution
Materials or tools which , through carelessness, are dropped
into cavities can form a sound bridge.

C_Details
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
1 Base and wall anchoring

1.1 Base with ventilated faade
battens (ventilated)
battens
battens
CLT wall board
vertical seal
(windtightness)
wall anchoring
foundation
XPS perimeter insulation

(splash-water level)
Execution
Full surface contact of the CLT wall board must be ensured
by means of a mortar bed.

The perimeter insulation up to plash-water level must be

executed properly according to the cladding material and
the projection of the roof.
observed.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
2 Window connection
2.1 Installation with expanding foam
overlapping insulation
of the frame
insulation dowel or insulation nail
window casement
with glazing
plaster
(incl. base)
window frame
expanding foam (PU)
window-sealing tape
CLT wall board
external window sill

(with a gradient)
Execution
Connection of the external window sill to the reveal (weak
spot): with wooden faades an additional insulation layer
must be installed under the window sill and vertically bonded
at the side. If the faade is plastered, special measures must
be taken at the end cap of the window sill. The connection
between the end cap and window sill must be sealed with
butyl tape and the connection between the end cap and the
plaster with sufficiently thick sealing tape (because of the
expansion properties of the external window sill).

Mechanical anchoring of the windows according to manufacturers instructions and structural requirements.
Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
2.2 Installation with expanding foam tape
overlapping insulation of the frame
window casement
with glazing
window frame
plaster
(incl. base)
expanding
foam tape
subframe (fastening)
CLT wall board
(with a gradient)
Execution

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
vertical seal
(windtightness)
waterproof connection
window casement
with glazing
reveal board
(sufficient clearance
to external window sill)
window frame
(frame extension)
expanding foam tape
window-sealing tape
CLT wall board

(with a gradient)
Execution

The connection between the window-sealing tape and the
windtight insulation layer must be executed according to the
manufacturers specifications or current standards.
Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
2.3 Installation with multifunctional joint-sealing tape
battens
(intermediate structure in the
insulation layer)
waterproof connection
window casement
with glazing
vertical seal
(windtightness)
reveal board
(sufficient clearance
to external window sill)
window frame
multifunctional
joint-sealing tape
(airtight on the
inside, windtight on
the outside,
sound-absorbing)
connection between wall cladding

and reveal board
CLT wall board

Option1:
(with a gradient)
Option2:
Execution

The connection between the window-sealing tape and the
windtight insulation layer must be executed according to the
manufacturers specifications or current standards.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
3
Door connection
3.1 Internal door
expanding foam
(fastening)
CLT wall board
door frame
joint-sealing tape
CLT ceiling board
transition
(in the case of different floor levels)
Execution
A suitable transition must be provided in the door area which
takes account of the floor structure of the adjacent rooms.
The transition between different floors can be achieved by
fitting a transition strip or a Schlter threshold strip.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
4 Cantilever
4.1 Cantilever with wooden faade
CLT ceiling board
vertical seal
(windtightness)
joint-sealing
tape
CLT wall
board
vertical seal
(windtightness)
battens
cladding
(soffit)
Execution
airtight.

The projecting ceiling must be suspended with fully threaded
screws (sized according to structural analysis).
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
4.2 Cantilever with plastered faade
CLT ceiling board

joint-sealing
tape
plaster
(incl. base)
CLT wall
board
subframe or window frame extension

(floor structure)
Execution
airtight.
The height of the subframe or the window frame extension
depends on the floor structure.

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
4.3 Balcony board (supported)
CLT wall board
columns
balcony board
points of support
Execution
Unlike cantilever ceiling boards, projecting balcony boards
prevent the formation of thermal bridges.

If a continuous insulation layer is required, the support

brackets must be mounted on spacer blocks (of the same
thickness as the insulation).
The dimensions of the balcony board depend on the structural requirements.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
4.4 Balcony board (suspended)
CLT wall board
suspension cable
balcony board
edge profile
points of support
Execution
Unlike cantilever ceiling boards, projecting balcony boards
prevent the formation of thermal bridges.

If a continuous insulation layer is required, the support

brackets must be mounted on spacer blocks (of the same
thickness as the insulation).
The dimensions of the balcony board depend on the structural requirements.

Please note the risk of the wall buckling.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
4.5 Balcony (timber planking on tapered insulation)
larch floor grille

battens
fill
seal
tapered insulation
roofing membrane
(permeable)
balcony board
crush-resistant metal sheeting
CLT ceiling board
window element
with subframe
gutter with cover grille
(emergency overflows at
both ends of the balcony)
CLT wall board

slope to the drains
Execution
Water is directed down the tapered insulation into drains.
There is a gutter with emergency outflows at both ends for
excess water.
Protection against splash water appropriate to the degree of
cover of the balcony must be provided.

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
5 Steep roof
5.1 Wall-to-roof connection (CLT roof projection)
counter battens
battens
roofing membrane
verge area (not insulated)
CLT roof board

rafter
verge board
CLT wall board
Execution
The projecting CLT roof board forms the soffit.
The verge area beyond the gable wall does not need to be
insulated.
The verge board can remain visible or be covered with metal
sheeting, as required.

When sizing the CLT roof board, attention must be paid to
the lateral projection.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
5.2 Wall-to-roof connection (eaves laths)
battens
counter battens
insulation
roofing membrane
softboard
eaves cladding
CLT roof board
eaves lath
plaster
(incl. base)
CLT wall board
Execution
The roof overhang is constructed with eaves laths (secured
against suction forces as per structural analysis) and eaves
cladding.
The softboard insulation over the rafters must be of the
same thickness as the eaves cladding to avoid forming a
rebate in the rafter projection.

The counter battens must be fastened according to the
pressure resistance of the insulation.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
5.3 Wall-to-roof connection (rafter roof)
vapour
barrier
gypsum cardboard/
gypsum fibreboard
(fastened to widely
spaced battens)
battens
counter battens
roofing membrane
eaves
cladding
rafter
plaster
(incl. base)
purlin
connection of the vapour
barrier to the CLT wall board
CLT wall board
Execution
The roof overhang is constructed with rafters (secured
against suction forces as per structural analysis) and eaves
cladding.
The softboard insulation over the rafters must be of the
same thickness as the eaves cladding to avoid forming a
rebate in the rafter projection.

The connection between the vapour barrier and CLT wall
board must be airtight.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
5.4 Ridge (with purlin)
insulation
counter battens
battens
roofing membrane
CLT roof board

rafter
joint-sealing tape
purlin
clearance
Execution
omitted.

airtight.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
5.5 Roof window
insulation
CLT roof board
trimming
(fastening of roof window)
roof window
horizontal reveal
(light incidence)
battens
roofing membrane
counter battens
vertical reveal
(light incidence)
Execution
There must be a close connection between the roof window
and the roofing membrane when fitting the window.
The design of the inner reveals depends on the level of light
incidence required.
Reveal material: plasterboard or derived timber board.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
6 Flat roof
6.1 CLT fascia structure
fascia cover
vertical seal
(windtightness)
battens
vertical bonding of the

insulation
flat roof structure

(as required)
CLT ceiling board
horizontal
ventilated faade
joint-sealing tape
thermal insulation
intermediate structure
in the insulation layer
CLT wall board
Execution
Flat roof insulation with a gradient.
Anchor the fascia wall to the CLT roof board (as per structural analysis).

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
6.2 CLT fascia structure with wall post
fascia cover
vertical bonding of the insulation
battens
vertical seal
(windtightness)

(support for the vertical
insulation)
flat roof structure
(as required)
horizontal
ventilated faade
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
thermal insulation
vertical wall post
(support for the fascia structure)
CLT wall board
Execution
Flat roof insulation with a gradient.
Vertical wall posts assume a structural function in the fascia
(dimensions and fastening as per structural analysis).

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
6.3 Projecting roof structure
moisture seal
anchorage to the
analysis)
flat roof structure

(as required)
CLT board as a
projecting roof
structure
vapour barrier
screw connection to ceiling

vertical seal
(windtightness)
horizontal ventilated
faade
joint-sealing tape
thermal insulation
CLT wall board
Execution
The soffit of the CLT roof overhang can remain visible or be
covered with metal sheeting, as required.

The edging must be executed according to the slope of the

roof.
The CLT projection must be dimensioned according to the

roof overhang (caution with a lateral projection).
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
6.4 Flat roof connection (with a cold attic above)
metal roof structure
rafter
cold attic
(e.g. OSB)
battens
flat roof structure

(as required)
CLT ceiling board
vertical seal
(windtightness)
joint-sealing tape
thermal insulation
CLT wall board
Execution
The load transfer from the roof structure to the CLT roof and
wall boards must be taken into account.

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
7 Electrical installations
7.1 Execution before wall cladding
CLT wall board
wiring
gypsum cardboard/ gypsum
fibreboard
CLT ceiling board
Execution
Finish for NVI boards (non-visible quality).
Cross milling (at right angles to the top layer) is possible only
to a limited extent and must be carried out in accordance
with the structural analysis.

Avoid penetrating the airtight layer when routing wiring.
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
CLT ceiling board

airtight sealing required
machining (drilling and slot-milling) for ceiling wiring
(machining also fundamentally possible with VI wall
boards [visible quality])
CLT wall board

wiring
gypsum cardboard/ gypsum fibreboard
CLT ceiling board
Execution
Finish for NVI boards (non-visible quality).
Machining (slot milling), for example with CLT ceiling boards,
is only possible in the direction of the top layer. Transverse
layers must remain intact in order not to impair the load
capacity.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
7.2 Execution with visible-quality CLT
CLT wall board
wiring
visible milled recess at floor level
CLT ceiling board

machining (drilling) for wiring
diameter: 28mm
max. length: 1,500mm
Execution
Finish for VI boards (visible quality).
Machining (drilling for cables) is only possible from the grain
end of the CLT board.
Adjacent bores must have a minimum centre distance of
50mm.

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
CLT wall board
slot in door reveal; drill

hole to switch position
wiring
CLT ceiling board
Execution
Finish for VI boards (visible quality).
A slot is milled in the door reveal, later to be covered by the
door frame, and a hole is drilled from the reveal to the position of the switch or socket.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
DETAILS
04/2012
7.3 Lightning protection
Illustration
Execution
Lightning protection systems protect people and buildings
from major damage. The external lightning protection
attracts the lightning current and conducts it safely into the
ground.

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
8 Sanitary installations
8.1 WC (dummy wall)
CLT wall board

dummy wall for WC
support structure
(e.g. OSB)
mount and connections for WC
services
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
The fastening of the services must be sound-insulated from
the other components.

The support structure of the dummy wall must also be

sound-insulated from the ceiling and wall boards.
Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
8.2 Wash basin (preparation for connection)
CLT wall board
service cavity
connections for wash basin

detachable part of the dummy wall
(for any later connection work)
services
joint-sealing
tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution

Construction
DETAILS
04/2012
8.3 Sanitary installations wet room
Illustration
Execution
If joints between sanitary installations and other building
components are sealed with silicone, they must be checked
regularly and renewed, if necessary.
Tiles must be separated from CLT and plasterboard with an
additional insulation layer as tile grouting is not waterproof.

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
9 Flue
9.1 Stainless steel flue on the outside of the wall
exterior stainless steel flue
CLT wall board

flue bulkhead
exhaust air outlet
sealing tape (as required)

fresh-air inlet
(optional)
joint-sealing tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution
When using a flue bulkhead, make sure that it is approved
for wooden structures.

Minimum distances to fireplaces and fire protection requirements specified by the manufacturer must be observed.
The installation must always be discussed and agreed upon

with the authorities and chimney sweep.
Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
9.2 Interior stainless steel flue
interior stainless steel flue

CLT wall board
connection point
cleaning opening
condensate outlet
joint-sealing tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
9.3 Masonry chimney
CLT wall board

gypsum cardboard (2layers)
insulation
chimney stones
CLT ceiling board
at least 50mm clearance from

flammable material (on all sides)
CLT wall board
connection point
cleaning opening
joint-sealing tape
CLT ceiling board
Execution

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
10 Stairs
10.1 Screw connection to wall boards
fibreboard
CLT wall board
solid wood riser

CLT wall board

fibreboard
CLT tread
screw connection of the treads to the wall board
Execution
The threads are screwed or fastened to the CLT wall board.
Treads and risers are connected with screws.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
10.2 Fastening with bracket/slotted plate
step fastening with

slotted plates and
dowel pins (variant)
CLT wall board
step fastening
with brackets
CLT riser
CLT wall board
CLT tread
Execution
The treads are fastened with brackets or slotted plates and
dowel pins (variant) anchored to the CLT wall board.
Treads must be sound-insulated in the contact area with an
elastic intermediate layer (e.g. sylomer).

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
10.3 Supported by special bearing elements
CLT wall board

special bearing element to support steps

fibreboard
CLT wall board
stone inlay
(in the stepping area)
CLT tread
Execution
The stairs are constructed without risers.
The treads are mounted on special bearing elements (loads
must be taken into account).

Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
10.4 Supported by stringers
connection with slotted plates

and dowel pins
CLT tread
stringer
(CLT or glulam)
Execution
The stairs are constructed without risers.
The treads are screwed to stringers below the stone inlays in
the stepping area.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
DETAILS
10.5 Ramp
wedge-shaped
steps (CLT)
ramp
(CLT)
Execution
The ramp rests on the ceiling boards, and the steps are
screwed to it from underneath.

Construction
DETAILS
Illustration
04/2012
D_Further applications
Construction
04/2012
FURTHER APPLICATIONS
1 Industrial and commercial construction

1.1 Wall anchoring
securing of the wall board against

suction forces
exterior cladding
intermediate structure in
the insulation layer
vertical seal
(windtightness)
CLT wall board
wall anchoring
column
(CLT or glulam)
foundation
joint-sealing tape
sill plate (larch)
(according to
steel bracket
(to transfer the forces acting into the
foundation)
Execution
The CLT wall board and the column structure must be
protected against rising damp by means of suitable seals.

Height adjustment (wood, metal or mortar) must be provided

between the columns and foundation.
Depending on the requirements, the forces acting upon the

CLT wall board must be transferred to the columns and from
there to the solid structure (foundation) by means of fully
threaded screws.
Construction
04/2012
1.2 Wall-to-roof connection node
f ur t
he r
exterior cladding
roo
f
vertical seal
(windtightness)
stru
ctu
re
be a
in the insulation layer
CLT wall board

screw connection between the wall and the
columns (according to structural analysis)
Execution
When necessary, joint-sealing tape must be used between
the CLT wall and roof boards to make the structure airtight.

The correct transfer of forces from the roof board to the wall
board must be possible.
Construction
Illustration
04/2012
Construction
04/2012
2 Multi-storey residential buildings

2.1 Lower floor wall ceiling upper floor wall connection
node
CLT wall board

fibreboard
floor structure
(as required)
elastic
intermediate
layer
(e.g. OSB)
gypsum
cardboard/
gypsum fibreboard
wall anchoring
(according to
structural analysis;
sound-insulated)
CLT ceiling board
batten (fastened on spring clips)
insulation
Execution
Sound insulation appropriate to the soundproofing requirements must be provided for the various components.

The fasteners must be sound-insulated from the framework

with suitable elastic intermediate layers.
When calculating dimensions, the required structural-physical properties of such connection nodes must always be
taken into account (e.g. thermal, sound and fire insulation).
The ceiling must be designed according to the mass-springmass principle.
Construction
04/2012
CLT wall board

fibreboard
floor structure
(as required)
elastic
intermediate
layer
(e.g. sylomer)
gypsum
cardboard/
gypsum fibreboard
wall anchoring
(according to
structural analysis;
sound-insulated)
CLT ceiling board
insulation
Execution
Sound insulation appropriate to the soundproofing requirements must be provided for the various components.

The fasteners must be sound-insulated from the framework

with suitable elastic intermediate layers.
When calculating dimensions, the required structural-physical properties of such connection nodes must always be
taken into account (e.g. thermal, sound and fire insulation).
The ceiling must be designed according to the mass-springmass principle.
Construction
04/2012
3 Extensions
3.1 Attachment of a flat roof to an existing wall
end profile (incl. durable seal from the

plaster level)
vertical bonding (metal bracket with
laminated roofing membrane)
gravel filling
flat roof structure
(as required)
existing masonry
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
vapour barrier
(to be glued to the plaster
surface of the existing
wall)
joist
interior space
anchorage e.g. with glued-in threaded rods
Execution
structure airtight.
The CLT boards must be protected against moisture from
the existing structural components.

Construction
04/2012
4 Civil engineering
4.1 CLT in combination with other materials
Illustration
Execution
Particularly in large buildings, a combination of CLT with
other derived timber materials, steel and concrete is essential to bridge the required large spans and to transfer the
generally high loads into the ground.
Layer structures must be adapted to the structural-physical

requirements resulting from the different intended uses of
the building.
The proper dimensioning of the connectors is very important
as connectors play an essential role in civil engineering
structural analysis.
Building physics
Building physics
04/2012
THERMAL PROTECTION
The thermal performance of a component is determined by its U-value or thermal transmittance. The location,
structure and thermal conductivity of the materials contained must be known to calculate this value. The thermal conductivity of wood is essentially determined by its bulk density and wood moisture content and can be calculated for a CLT panel using the equation below.
0.000146 x k + 0.035449
thermal conductivity in [W/mK]
characteristic bulk density for a reference wood moisture content of u = 12% in [kg/m]
The characteristic bulk density of CLT layers has been determined as k = 512 kg/m.
Applying these figures results in a thermal conductivity for CLT of 0.110 W/mK.
= 0.000146 x 512 kg/m + 0.035449 = 0.110 W/mK
This figure has been validated by the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden for CLT [1].
The Austrian standard NORM B 3012 [2] also gives a value of 0.11 W/mK for spruce.
An average value of 12 % is assumed for wood moisture content, whereby less than 12 % wood moisture content
should be expected in external walls during the relevant winter months. With less wood moisture content, the actual thermal conductivity value reduces further.
The Austrian standard NORM EN 12524 [3] specifies a rated thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK for wood in the
relevant bulk density range.
U-value of a CLT panel
A CLT external wall panel with a thickness of 100 mm is used in the following example to demonstrate how to
calculate the U-value. The calculation takes account of the internal and external heat transfer coefficients.
Thermal transmittance
Heat transmission resistance

Thermal conductivity of CLT
1
d
R si + i + R se
i
R si
0,13 m K / W
R se
0,04 m K / W
CLT
0,11W / mK
U CLT, 100 =
1
0,1 m
0,13 m K / W +
+ 0,04 m K / W
0,11 W / mK
= 0,927 W / m K
Building physics
04/2012
THERMAL PROTECTION
U-value [w/mK]
Fig. 1 shows a graph on which the U-values of non-clad CLT panels are plotted depending on panel thickness.
Panel thickness [mm]

Fig. 1: U-values of non-clad CLT exterior wall panels
U-value of an insulated CLT panel

The U-value of a CLT panel with a thickness of 100 mm in conjunction with 16 cm-thick insulation material of
thermal conductivity group WLG 040 is calculated as follows:
Heat transmission resistance

Thermal conductivity of CLT
1
d
R si + i + R se
i
R si
0,13 m K / W
R se
0,04 m K / W
CLT
U=
0,11 W / mK
1
0,1 m
0,16 m
0,13 m K / W +
+
+ 0,04 m K / W
0,11 W / mK 0,04 W / mK
= 0,197 W / m K
Building physics
04/2012
THERMAL PROTECTION
U-value [w/mK]
Fig. 2 shows a graph on which the U-values of insulated CLT panels with a thickness of 100 mm are plotted depending on the thickness of the insulation material (thermal conductivity group WLG 040).
Insulation thickness [mm]

Fig. 2: U-values of insulated 100 mm CLT external wall panels depending on the thickness of the insulation (WLG 040 insulation material)
Airtightness
A CLT panels air or convection tightness is another decisive factor for thermal performance. As CLT panels are
made of single-layer panels, they are extremely airtight. The airtightness of CLT panels and of panel joints was
tested and confirmed by the Holzforschung Austria (Research Institute of the Austrian Society for Wood Research) in 2008 [4]. The test report specifies that the panel joints and the CLT panel itself are so airtight that volumetric rates of flow were outside the measurable range.
[1] Assessment: Declared thermal conductivity (2009-07-10); SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SE50462 Boras
[2] NORM EN B 3012 (2003-12-01); Wood species - Characteristic values for terms and symbols of NORM
EN 13556
[3] NORM EN 12524 (2000-09-01); Building materials and products. Hygrothermal properties. Tabulated design
values
[4] HOLZFORSCHUNG AUSTRIA (2008-06-11); Test report; airtightness test on a panel with two different types
of joint
Building physics
04/2012
U-VALUE - COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES
CLT solid wood panels
CLT 100 3s + WLG 040 insulation
Heat transmission values used:

Rsi
0.13 m K/W
Rse
0.04 m K/W
Total thickness
U-value
[W/mK]
Insulation
thickness
[cm]
[cm]
W/(mK)
CLT
0.11
9.7
0.95
WLG 040 insulation
0.04
14
0.48
0.04
16
0.39
0.04
18
0.32
0.04
10
20
0.28
0.04
12
22
0.25
0.04
14
24
0.22
0.04
16
26
0.20
0.04
18
28
0.18
0.04
20
30
0.16
0.04
22
32
0.15
0.04
24
34
0.14
Thickness
Building material
[cm]
[]
10
4-24
A
B
40-240
exterior
100
interior
Building physics
04/2012
CLT 100 3s + WLG 040 insulation + 12.5 mm plasterboard
Heat transmission values used:

Rsi
0.13 m K/W
Rse
0.04 m K/W
Insulation
thickness
[cm]
Total thickness
U-value
[cm]
W/(mK)
11
0.90
0.04
15
0.47
0.04
17
0.38
0.04
19
0.32
0.04
10
21
0.27
0.04
12
23
0.24
0.04
14
25
0.22
0.04
16
27
0.19
0.04
18
29
0.18
0.04
20
31
0.16
0.04
22
33
0.15
0.04
24
35
0.14
Thickness
Building material
[cm]
[]
[W/mK]
10
CLT
0.11
1.25
Plasterboard
0.21
4-24
WLG 040 insulation
40-240
exterior
100
12.5
interior
Building physics
04/2012
Timber frame building

Plasterboard panel, OSB board, WLG 040 insulation, upright, DHF (diffusible humid resistant fibreboard)
Calculated using solid wood uprights:

b
6 cm
62.5 cm
0.13 W/(mK)
Total thickness
U-value
[W/mK]
Insulation
thickness
[cm]
[cm]
W/(mK)
DHF
0.12
1.5
--
--
1.5
OSB board
0.13
1.5
--
--
1.25
Plasterboard
0.21
1.25
--
--
4-24
WLG 040 insulation +

construction timber
0.049
0.78
0.049
10
0.59
0.049
12
0.48
0.049
10
14
0.40
0.049
12
16
0.34
0.049
14
18
0.30
0.049
16
20
0.27
0.049
18
22
0.24
0.049
20
24
0.22
0.049
22
26
0.20
0.049
24
28
0.19
Thickness
Building material
[cm]
[]
1.5
C
A
1.5
40.240
exterior
1.5 1.25
interior
Building physics
04/2012
Tile and insulation plaster

Lightweight mortar plaster, tile, lime plaster
NB: these values are taken from the company Wienerbergers brochure POROTON 2011 product range and
relate to the POROTON flat clay block product range.
Total thickness
U-value
[W/mK]
Insulation
thickness
[cm]
[cm]
W/(mK)
Lightweight mortar plaster
0.31
--
--
--
1.5
Lime plaster
0.7
--
--
--
4-24
Tile
0.16
17.5
21
0.74
0.12
24
28
0.44
0.1
30
34
0.31
0.09
36.5
40
0.23
0.09
42.5
46
0.20
Thickness
Building material
[cm]
[]
B
C
A
B
C
2
exterior
17.5-42.5
1.5
interior
Building physics
AIRTIGHTNESS
04/2012
Contents:
1.
Introduction
2.
Relevance of airtightness/windtightness
3.
Benefits of CLT with regard to airtightness
4.
Technical aspects of airtightness
5.
Configurations and specific connections
6.
Summary
7.
Appendix
1. Introduction
The airtightness and windtightness of the building envelope and of individual building components (wall, ceiling
and roof panels) is an essential requirement which has an impact on many aspects of the indoor climate, noise
load, freedom from structural defect, indoor atmosphere and energy balance of buildings.
Together, the airtight layer (generally on the inside of the room) and the windtight layer (on the outside of the
building) prevent an inadmissible flow of air through the structure. These layers are critical to the quality and durability of the building structure [1].
CLTs special single-layer panel design results in an airtight layer which means that an additional airtight membrane is not generally required on the inside of the room. This has a positive effect on the associated costs, helps
avoid errors and construction defects and also reduces construction times and installation phases.
With other timber construction methods (e.g. timber frame building), an airtight layer (at the same time also a vapour barrier in the form of a membrane or butt-bonded OSB boards) must also be provided.
2. Relevance of airtightness/windtightness
a) Airtightness:
Airtightness has an impact on the heat and humidity balance of a structure. The term airtightness refers to the
prevention of convective flows, i.e. the penetration of structural components by air moving from inside to outside.
Inadequate airtightness can mean that air flows through the structure from inside to outside. The possible consequences are [1]:

Deposition of condensation in the structure

Reduced thermal protection
Low surface temperature
The associated hazards are:

Damage to the structure

Mould formation
Draughts (as a result of cooling of the indoor surface temperature)
Increased energy demand
Building physics
AIRTIGHTNESS
04/2012
The airtightness of Stora Ensos CLT has been tested by the Holzforschung Austria.
This airtightness test on CLT was carried out on the basis of NORM EN 12114:2000 [2] and covered the panel
itself, a stepped rebate and a panel joint with a jointing board.
Outcome:
The panel joints and the CLT panel itself exhibit a high level of airtightness. The volumetric flow rates through
the two joint variants and through the undisturbed surface lay outside the measurable range as a result of the
high level of impermeability [3].
b) Windtightness:
The windtightness of a building envelope is just as relevant as its airtightness. Inadequate windtightness can result in similar phenomena to those occurring with inadequate airtightness. One of the reasons for this is the cooling of the insulating layer.
The windtight layer on the outside of the building prevents outside air from penetrating the building components.
The insulating layer is therefore protected, and the building components insulating properties are not impaired
[1].
The relevance of windtightness is shown by means of the following illustrations (taken from [1]).
Illustration: Thermographic images of a wall/roof connection at + 3C outdoor

temperature and + 24C indoor temperature (taken fr om [1])
3. Benefits of CLT with regard to airtightness

Large-format panels (up to 2.95 m x 16 m) therefore few building component joints and thus fewer
joints to be sealed.
As a rule, no additional membranes are required on the inside of the room.
Simple, reliable joint or butt joint sealing by means of compressible preformed gasket is possible.
Building physics
AIRTIGHTNESS
04/2012
4. Technical aspects of airtightness

The air change rate (n50 value) is used to measure a buildings airtightness.
Note:
Air change rate: The air change rate n (unit: 1/h) is used to describe ventilation. It indicates how often a rooms
air volume is changed per hour.
n50 value:
The n50 value is the air change which occurs if 50 Pa (pascals) under or over pressure are
generated in the building.
If all CLT connections (corner joints, side joints, windows etc.) are carried out properly, n50 values corresponding
to the passive house standard (n50 = 0.6 1/h) can be achieved. NORM B 8110-1: 2008 [4] specifies permissible
air change rates. Depending on the building type, a distinction is drawn between buildings without ventilation systems (n50 = 3 1/h), buildings with ventilation systems (n50 = 1.5 1/h) and passive houses (n50 = 0.6 1/h) [4]. Ventilation systems refers to monitored ventilation systems for living spaces.
Compliance with these n50 values is vital for the function of the respective building envelopes.
The air change rate is measured and evaluated using the blower door test.
This blower door test is recommended to the end customer by Stora Enso to enable the quality and construction
of a building to be evaluated.
In addition to the issue of airtightness, the subject of vapour diffusion behaviour will also be examined briefly
here:
CLT is an excellent material for wall structures which are membrane-free and which allow diffusion.
When no membrane is fitted, it is important to bear in mind that the vapour diffusibility of the individual layers (insulation, plaster, etc.) increases towards the outside (as a rule of thumb: the outer layer should exhibit up to ten
times greater vapour diffusibility). This enables condensation to be avoided in wall, ceiling and roof structures.
Diffusion behaviour is expressed by means of the vapour diffusion resistance factor () and the air layer thickness (sd value) equivalent of diffusion.
If the airtightness is inadequate, substantially higher levels of condensation can occur in the building components
as a result of moist air flows through walls, ceilings and roofs than via condensation accumulating purely as a
result of diffusion.
4. Configurations and specific connections

Compressed preformed gasket is mainly used to ensure an airtight seal at the connections of building components. Permanently flexible joint foams can also be used in some places. Self-adhesive tapes and tubular rubber
seals are used more rarely (see item 4.g).
The configurations illustrated below show a few options for airtightness, though it should be noted that these are
merely a few options among countless possible configurations [5], [6].
Building physics
04/2012
AIRTIGHTNESS
a) Plinth connection I
Connection of wall to cellar roof or concrete

slab:
Another important factor in addition to airtightness, is moisture protection in the plinth
area.
Plinth connection II
Connection of internal wall to cellar roof

or concrete slab:
In this configuration the same criteria
have to be applied as in the case of the
connection between the wall and cellar
roof or concrete slab.
Building physics
04/2012
AIRTIGHTNESS
b) Wall and ceiling joint I
Stepped rebate connection:

Both the longitudinal and transverse seals of the
stepped rebate are important (see illustration above).
Wall and ceiling joint II
Jointing board connection:

The same procedure should be adopted for this connection as for a connection with a stepped rebate (see
above).
Building physics
04/2012
AIRTIGHTNESS
c) Wall connection I
Corner joint:
With all horizontal and vertical seals it is important to ensure a continuous joint seal (horizontal and vertical seals must be connected to
each other).
Wall connection II
Connection of longitudinal wall to transverse

wall:
The same procedure as for a corner joint must
be adopted here.
Building physics
04/2012
AIRTIGHTNESS
d) Window or door connection I
Connection of fitted window:

In this case the window frame is fitted on the CLT
wall.
The window connection must be made using a
suitable sealing system (wall gasket Compriband, joint tape etc.). It is important to ensure a
proper, careful finish (precise corners etc.).
Window or door connection II
Connection of inserted window:

In this case the window frame is inserted into the
CLT wall.
The window frame is inserted using wall gasket
Compriband or a suitable PU foam. A soft-cell
foam is recommended. It is important to ensure a
proper, careful finish (precise corners etc.).
Building physics
04/2012
AIRTIGHTNESS
e) Wall/ceiling/wall connection
Preformed gasket
Connection of wall to ceiling:

The key contact surfaces are those of
the upper and lower wall to the ceiling. Both contact surfaces must be
connected so that they are airtight.
f) Wall/ceiling connection
Connection of wall to roof panel or roof

construction:
There are various ways of doing this.
However, the wall panel should form a
sealed unit with the roof panel.
All openings and apertures must be connected in an airtight manner to the relevant contact surfaces.
Building physics
AIRTIGHTNESS
g) A few examples of materials for creating an airtight finish
EPDM seal
Sealing strip
Wall gasket Compriband
Self-adhesive tape
Appropriate materials must be used according to the requirements.

Self-adhesive tapes should be avoided due to areas which are difficult to access (corners, etc.).
Sources:
www.trelleborg.com
www.ramsauer.at
www.siga.ch
04/2012
Building physics
AIRTIGHTNESS
04/2012
5. Summary
Both airtightness and windtightness are key requirements for a high-quality building made with CLT.
In the various connection configurations it is important to use a cohesive system with regard to airtightness and
windtightness, i.e. all the horizontal and vertical joints must form a sealed unit.
Openings in the CLT structure should be avoided, or a professional, airtight finish must be made.
This is the only way to avoid increased heat loss with all its consequences such as penetration of moisture into
the structure, mould fungus formation and so forth.
For further information:

www.clt.info
www.dataholz.com
6. Appendix
References:
[1] RICCABONA, CH. and BEDNAR TH. (2008):

Baukonstruktionslehre 4 [Building construction theory 4]; 7th edition; MANZ Verlag, Vienna
[2] NORM EN 12114 (2000):
Thermal performance of buildings. Air permeability of building components. Laboratory test methods;
Austrian Standards Institute, Vienna
[3] HOLZFORSCHUNG AUSTRIA (2008):
Test report; airtightness test on a panel with two different joint types
[4] NORM B 8110-1 (2008):
Thermal protection in building construction. Requirements for thermal insulation and declaration of thermal
protection of buildings and parts of buildings. Austrian Standards Institute, Vienna
[5] STEINDL R. (2007):
Degree dissertation; Structural components for houses made of cross-laminated timber
[6] www.dataholz.com
Internet, researched on 02.04.2009
Building physics
04/2012
MOISTURE
Contents:
1.
Introduction
2.
Reasons for moisture protection
3.
Diffusion
4.
Diffusion resistance factor and sd value
5.
Significance of moisture and diffusion for CLT
6.
Summary
7.
Appendix
1. Introduction
Structural components and parts of buildings are not only exposed to thermal stress, but also to hygric stress.
After the building has been completed, building components often still contain a considerable amount of building
moisture.
Therefore, using CLT is advantageous, as the driest possible structures can be obtained by using this product.
Building components must be sufficiently protected from all types of moisture. Excessive moisture content can
reduce solidity and thermal insulation. At the same time however, wood requires a minimum level of moisture
(particularly in the case of visible panels) in order to reduce drying cracks.
Figure 1 shows the different effects of moisture which a building must be protected from.
Fig. 1: Typical moisture conditions of a building (Fischer et al., 2008)
As the load-bearing structure and the insulation layer are clearly separate on CLT panels, the structural and
physical aspects of the design can be considered separately. CLT offers a further advantage in that, besides the
Building physics
MOISTURE
04/2012
load-bearing structure, it also has a significantly higher thermal mass in comparison to other wood construction
systems. With 3 layers and more, CLT panels are airtight.
Fig. 2: Comparing lightweight wood construction with solid wood construction (Graz Technial University, 2008)
2. Reasons for moisture protection

For building owners and occupants, moisture protection is necessary or advisable for the following reasons:
a) Room usability
Rooms require a precisely defined indoor climate which means that uncontrolled levels of humidity must be
avoided. Damp building materials can be the source of germs and odorous substances.
b) Building heat insulation
Increased moisture in the building means that the thermal conductivity of the buildings materials increases and
more energy is required to heat the building. More energy is also required to remove damp air and condensation.
c) Preserving the building structure
Managing a buildings exposure to moisture is essential for preserving the buildings structure. Most structural
damage can be traced back to the impact of water.
3. Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of tiny single particles (atoms, ions, molecules), caused by the thermal self-motility
(Brownian motion) of these tiny particles.
In the same way as heat flow, water vapour also flows

according to the drop in temperature from warm to cold or

according to relative humidity from moist air to dry air.
This diffusion flow occurs in the air and also in porous building components containing air pockets. The more impermeable a building component, the greater its diffusion resistance. Damp materials are more permeable to water vapour diffusion.
Building physics
MOISTURE
04/2012
4. Diffusion resistance factor and sd value

a) Diffusion resistance factor
The water vapour diffusion resistance factor is used to measure the impermeability of a building material to diffusing water molecules. is a dimensionless quantity which indicates the factor by which a materials diffusion
resistance increases in comparison to the reference value. Air is used as the reference value as it generally offers the least resistance to water vapour ( = 1).
Only glass and metal can be considered impermeable to water vapour; all other materials are permeable to water
vapour, even if diffusion resistance can be very high.
b) sd value
The diffusion resistance factor alone is not enough to identify the impermeability to water vapour diffusion of a
layer of material, rather than of the material itself. Both the type of material and the thickness of the layer must be
known to understand the extent of resistance to water vapour diffusion.
Thus, the simplest definition to describe the resistance of a layer of material is derived from the product of the
thickness of the layer and the diffusion resistance factor. Therefore, in building physics, the term equivalent air
layer thickness sd is used to measure the diffusion resistance of a layer of material.
=
The sd value represents how thick a layer of air must be to have the same transmission resistance as the component.
CLT panels have different levels of diffusion resistance. This depends on the lamella thickness and the number of
layers and adhesive joints.
= 1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + +
5. Holzforschung Austrias expert opinion
Holzforschung Austrias expert opinion reveals that:
A 3-layer CLT panel exhibits the same sd value as that of a solid wood panel made of spruce with similar strength
(+ 26 mm for the bonded joint on the CLT panel).
-
Dependence of the material moisture content

The bonded joints value significantly decreases in damper test conditions. Porous cavities occur between
the adhesive layers and capillary contacts between end grain and length grain wood. This enables faster
moisture transport processes in humid climates compared with dry climates. However, this depends on the
type of adhesive and the relative ambient humidity.
Building physics
MOISTURE
04/2012
- The sd value should be 510 m lower towards the surface than on the inside. By way of example:
Standard wall structure with ventilated faade
Plasterboard: sd = 0.273 m; cross-laminated timber: sd = 3.9 m; insulation: sd = 0.25 m; permeable layer:

sd 0.3 m
The structure is more impermeable towards the surface (calculated using the cross-laminated timber) and is
therefore correct from a building physics point of view.
6. Significance of moisture and diffusion for CLT
With 3 layers and more, CLT panels are airtight but not vapour proof. This means that CLT is permeable and
the adhesive bonds form vapour barriers for the insulation plane. Just like any other construction system, CLT
must be protected from permanent moisture.
CLT regulates the inside air. When there is higher ambient humidity, CLT absorbs the moisture and releases it
again when the level of humidity decreases.
CLT can also be described as a moisture variable vapour barrier. It is more permeable in the summer, when
temperatures are high and the air humid, than in the winter when temperatures are cold and the air is drier.
8. Sources
HOLZFORSCHUNG AUSTRIA:
Test report/expert opinion, diffusion measurement performed in July 2009
FISCHER, H., FREYMUTH, H., HUPL, P. ET AL. (2008):
Lehrbuch der Bauphysik [Building physics text book]. 6th completely revised edition, publishers: Vieweg +
Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden
HUPL, P. (2008):
Bauphysik: Klima, Wrme, Feuchte, Schall [Building physics: climate, heat, humidity, sound]. Publishers: Ernst &
Sohn Verlag, Berlin
RICCABONA, C., BEDNAR, T. (2008):
Baukonstruktionslehre [Construction method] 4; 7th completely revised edition, publishers: MANZ Verlag, Vienna
Building physics
FIRE PROTECTION
04/2012
Solid wood is more fire resistant than is generally assumed. CLT has a moisture content of approx. 12%. Before
wood can catch fire, the water it contains must first evaporate. A carbonised surface protects the internal CLT
layers so thatunlike steel or concrete constructionssolid wood constructions in a fire are charred on the surface but do not burn right through.
To support this statement, we asked an accredited institutethe Holzforschung Austriato test how fire resistant
our CLT solid wood panels actually are. The results speak for themselves and even exceeded our expectations.
The abridged report can be downloaded from www.clt.info.
Building physics
SOUND
04/2012
In addition to the following reviews on the subject of sound insulation, Stora Enso
recommends the website www.dataholz.com.
Building physics
04/2012
GENERAL INFORMATION
The following evaluations with regard to building physics were performed by the European accredited
institute HFA Holzforschung Austria and contain the following tested components:
1. External walls
2. Internal walls
3. Partition walls
4. Ceilings
5. Roofs
Issued on:
12.01.2012
Order number:
2177/2011 BB
Version: 1.0
During the evaluations, the following sources were referred to:

Fire resistance
NORM EN 13501-2 Fire classification of construction products and building elements
using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services.
Part 2: Classification
Preliminary proceedings for determining heat insulation characteristics

NORM B 8110-6, Thermal protection in building construction Part 6: Principles and verification methods
Heating demand and cooling demand. Version: January 2010
NORM EN ISO 6946, Building components Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation
method, version: April 2008
NORM B 8110-2, Thermal insulation in building construction Part 2: Water vapour diffusion and protection
against condensation, version: July 2003
NORM EN ISO 13788, Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements Internal
surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and interstitial condensation Calculation methods, version: January 2002
NORM B 8110-3, Thermal protection in building construction Part 3: Heat storage and solar impact, version:
December 1999
NORM EN 12524; Building materials and products Hygrothermal properties Tabulated design values,
version September 2000
Noise assessment
The assessed standard sound level difference was determined using comparable components investigated with
regard to the level of protection against airborne noise to be achieved and taking the relevant technical literature
into account. In particular, the parts catalogue dataholz.com Catalogue of the physical and ecological properties of inspected wood components, version: 2003, NORM B 8115-4 Sound insulation and room acoustics in
building construction Measures to fulfil the requirements on sound insulation, version: 2003, and Timber construction manual, number 3, part 3, series 4 Sound proofing Walls and Roofs by the Timber Information Service, version: 2003 and Timber construction manual, number 3, part 3, series 3 Sound-absorbing wooden beams
and Brettstapel ceilings by the Timber Information Service and Sound-absorbing exterior components made
of wood by ift Rosenheim Centre for Acoustics (LSW), final report 2004.
External walls
Building physics
04/2012
CONTENTS EXTERNAL WALLS
Component
Faade
Insulation material
CLT
Interior work
1.1
Plaster
EPS
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.2
Plaster
EPS
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.3
Plaster
EPS
CLT 100 C3s
Panelled with GKF plasterboard
1.4
Plaster
EPS
CLT 120 C3s
1.5
Plaster
EPS
CLT 100 C3s
Facing with GKF plasterboard
1.6
Plaster
EPS
CLT 120 C3s
1.7
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.8
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.9
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
1.10
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 120 C3s
1.11
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
1.12
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 120 C3s
1.13
Plaster
Softboard
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.14
Plaster
Softboard
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.15
Plaster
Softboard
CLT 100 C3s
1.16
Plaster
Softboard
CLT 120 C3s
1.17
Plaster
Softboard
CLT 100 C3s
1.18
Plaster
Softboard
CLT 120 C3s
1.19
Timber
Softboard
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.20
Timber
Softboard
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.21
Timber
Softboard
CLT 100 C3s
1.22
Timber
Softboard
CLT 120 C3s
1.23
Timber
Softboard
CLT 100 C3s
1.24
Timber
Softboard
CLT 120 C3s
1.25
Timber
Mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.26
Timber
Mineral wool
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
1.27
Timber
Mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
1.28
Timber
Mineral wool
CLT 120 C3s
1.29
Plaster
Mineral wool
CLT 120 C3s
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.1 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

EPS
plaster
(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Component design
Material
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert)
EPS
CLT 100 C3s
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
16, 20, 26
0.031
60
18
10
0.110
50
470
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Acoustic performance
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.16
adequate
34.7
36
20
REI 60
35
0.13
adequate
34.8
36
26
REI 60
35
0.11
adequate
34.9
36
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.2 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

EPS
plaster
Component design
Material
EPS
CLT 120 C3s
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
16, 20, 26
0.031
60
18
12
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
[cm]
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.16
adequate
33.3
36
20
REI 60
35
0.13
adequate
33.4
36
26
REI 60
35
0.10
adequate
33.4
36
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.3 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

EPS
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
16, 20, 26
0.031
60
18
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
Fire-protection plasterboard
1.3
0.250
800
A2
EPS
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.16
adequate
38.7
37
20
REI 90
35
0.13
adequate
38.8
37
26
REI 90
35
0.11
adequate
38.8
37
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.4 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

EPS
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
16, 20, 26
0.031
60
18
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
EPS
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.15
adequate
37.4
37
20
REI 90
35
0.13
adequate
37.4
37
26
REI 90
35
0.10
adequate
37.4
37
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.5 External wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
EPS
wooden batten
plaster
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
16, 20, 26
0.031
60
18
10
0.110
50
470
Wooden battens 40/50, e=62.5cm
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
Material
EPS
CLT 100 C3s
Service cavity consisting of:
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
600
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 120
35
0.13
adequate
27.2
43
18
REI 120
35
0.12
adequate
27.2
43
20
REI 120
35
0.11
adequate
27.2
43
26
REI 120
35
0.09
adequate
27.2
43
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.6 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
EPS
wooden batten
plaster
OSB
Component design
Material
EPS
CLT 120 C3s
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
16, 20, 26
0.031
60
18
12
0.110
50
470
50
500
18
A1
600
800
A2

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.13
adequate
27.2
43
20
REI 120
35
0.11
adequate
27.2
43
26
REI 120
35
0.09
adequate
27.2
43
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.7 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

mineral wool
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
16, 18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
[cm]
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
Thermal performance
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.18
adequate
34.7
38
18
REI 60
35
0.16
adequate
34.7
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.8 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

mineral wool
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
16, 18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
[cm]
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
Thermal performance
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.17
adequate
33.3
38
18
REI 60
35
0.16
adequate
33.3
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.9 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

mineral wool
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
16, 18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.18
adequate
38.7
39
18
REI 90
35
0.16
adequate
38.7
39
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.10 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

mineral wool
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
16, 18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.17
adequate
37.4
39
18
REI 90
35
0.16
adequate
37.4
39
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.11 External wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
mineral wool
wooden batten
plaster
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
16, 18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
50
500
18
A1
600
800
A2
Material

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.14
adequate
27.2
45
18
REI 120
35
0.13
adequate
27.2
45
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.12 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
mineral wool
wooden batten
plaster
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
16, 18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
50
500
18
A1
600
800
A2
Material

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.14
adequate
27.2
45
18
REI 120
35
0.13
adequate
27.2
45
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.13 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
Homatherm
EnergiePlus massive
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive
8, 6
0.039
140
12, 10
0.038
110
10
0.110
50
470
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard

CLT 100 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.21
adequate
34.6
38
20
REI 60
35
0.18
adequate
34.7
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.14 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
Homatherm
EnergiePlus massive
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
8, 6
0.039
140
12, 10
0.038
110
12
0.110
50
470

CLT 120 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.20
adequate
33.3
38
20
REI 60
35
0.17
adequate
33.3
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.15 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
Homatherm
EnergiePlus massive
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
8, 6
0.039
140
12, 10
0.038
110
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 90
35
0.21
adequate
38.7
39
20
REI 90
35
0.17
adequate
38.7
39
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.16 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
Homatherm
EnergiePlus massive
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
8, 6
0.039
140
12, 10
0.038
110
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 90
35
0.20
adequate
37.4
39
20
REI 90
35
0.17
adequate
37.4
39
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.17 External wall

CLT 100 C3s
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
Homatherm
ID-Q11 standard
wooden batten
Homatherm
EnergiePlus massive
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
8, 6
0.039
140
12, 10
0.038
110
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Homatherm ID-Q11 standard
0.038
110
1.5
0.250
800
A2

CLT 100 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.18
adequate
18.1
44
20
REI 120
35
0.15
adequate
18.1
44
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.18 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
Homatherm
ID-Q11 standard
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
wooden batten
Homatherm
EnergiePlus massive
plaster
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
8, 6
0.039
140
12, 10
0.038
110
12
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.038
110
1.5
0.250
800
A2

CLT 120 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.17
adequate
18.0
44
20
REI 120
35
0.15
adequate
18.0
44
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.19 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
vapour-permeable membrane
wooden battens (ventilated)
wooden faade
Component design
Material
Wooden faade
Wooden battens (ventilated)
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20
0.038
110
10
0.110
50
470
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers
CLT 100 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 60
35
0.21
adequate
34.7
43
20
REI 60
35
0.17
adequate
34.8
43
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.20 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
wooden faade
Component design
Material
Wooden faade
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 18, 20, 24
0.038
110
12
0.110
50
470
CLT 120 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 60
35
0.20
adequate
33.4
43
18
REI 60
35
0.18
adequate
33.4
43
20
REI 60
35
0.17
adequate
33.4
43
24
REI 60
35
0.15
adequate
33.4
44
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.21 External wall
CLT 100 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
wooden faade
Component design
Material
Wooden faade
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20
0.038
110
50
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
1.3
0.250
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
16
REI 90
35
0.20
adequate
38.7
44
20
REI 90
35
0.17
adequate
38.8
44
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.22 External wall
CLT 120 C3s

Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
wooden faade
Component design
Material
Wooden faade
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20
0.038
110
50
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
1.3
0.250
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.20
adequate
37.4
44
20
REI 90
35
0.17
adequate
37.4
44
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.23 External wall

CLT 100 C3s
Homatherm
ID-Q11 standard
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
wooden batten
wooden faade
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20
0.038
110
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.038
130
1.5
0.250
800
A2
Material
Wooden faade
CLT 100 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.18
adequate
18.1
48
20
REI 120
35
0.15
adequate
18.1
48
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.24 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
Homatherm
ID-Q11 standard
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 standard
wooden batten
wooden faade
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20
0.038
130
12
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.038
110
1.5
0.250
800
A2
Material
Wooden faade
CLT 120 C3s
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
16
REI 120
35
0.17
adequate
16.5
48
20
REI 120
35
0.15
adequate
16.5
48
Rw
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.25 External wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
solid structural timber (KVH)
wooden faade
Component design
Material
Wooden faade
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
KVH structure, insulated:
Structural timber 6/x, e=62.5cm
16, 20, 26
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
16, 20, 26
0.035
18
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.20
adequate
34.4
47
20
REI 60
35
0.16
adequate
34.7
47
26
REI 60
35
0.13
adequate
34.8
48
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.26 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
wooden faade
Component design
Material
Wooden faade
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20, 26
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
16, 20, 26
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 60
35
0.19
adequate
33.3
47
20
REI 60
35
0.16
adequate
33.4
47
26
REI 60
35
0.13
adequate
33.4
48
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.27 External wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
wooden faade
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20, 26
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
16, 20, 26
0.035
18
A1
50
Material
Wooden faade
CLT 100 C3s
12
0.110
1.3
0.250
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.19
adequate
38.7
51
20
REI 90
35
0.16
adequate
38.7
51
26
REI 90
35
0.13
adequate
38.8
52
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.28 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
wooden faade
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
2.5
0.130
50
500
0.130
50
500
16, 20, 26
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
16, 20, 26
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Material
Wooden faade
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
16
REI 90
35
0.19
adequate
37.4
51
20
REI 90
35
0.16
adequate
37.3
51
26
REI 90
35
0.13
adequate
37.4
52
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
1.29 External wall

CLT 120 C3s
Homatherm
ID-Q11 standard
mineral wool
plaster
wooden batten
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
0.5
1.000
10-35
2,000
A1
Mineral wool
18
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
Material

0.130
50
500
0.038
130
1.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
18
REI 120
35
0.14
adequate
16.3
44
Ln,w
Internal walls
Building physics
04/2012
CONTENTS INTERNAL WALLS
Component
Left structure
CLT
Right structure
2.1
CLT visible quality
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
2.2
CLT visible quality
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
2.3
CLT visible quality
CLT 100 C3s
2.4
CLT visible quality
CLT 120 C3s
2.5
CLT visible quality
CLT 100 C3s
2.6
CLT visible quality
CLT 120 C3s
2.7
CLT 100 C3s
Panelled GKF plasterboard
2.8
CLT 120 C3s
2.9
CLT 100 C3s
2.10
CLT 100 C3s
2.11
CLT 120 C3s
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.1 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
CLT 100 C3s
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
10
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
REI 60
35
0.855
adequate
29.6
Rw
34
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.2 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material
CLT 120 C3s
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
12
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
REI 60
35
0.740
adequate
31.1
Rw
35
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.3 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
50
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
1.3
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 90
35
0.820
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
FPP 34.5
Wood 30.0
Rw
36
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.4 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
50
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
1.3
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 90
35
0.714
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
FPP 36.0
Wood 31.4
Rw
37
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.5 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s

mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
Material
CLT 100 C3s
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
600
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 120
35
0.382
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
+ Service
cavity 27.2
Wood 33.8
Rw
41
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.6 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s

mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
12
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
Material
CLT 120 C3s
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
600
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 120
35
0.357
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Service
cavity 27.2
Wood 33.0
Rw
41
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.7 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
1.3
0.250
50
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
REI 90
35
0.788
adequate
35.0
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.8 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
1.3
0.250
50
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
REI 90
35
0.689
adequate
36.2
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.9 Internal wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
0.130
Material
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
470
50
500
18
A1
200-300
600
800
A2

Mineral wool
0.035
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 120
35
0.375
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Service
cavity 27.1
Wood 38.1
Rw
42
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.10 Internal wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
OSB
1.5
0.130
Material
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
200-300
600
50
500
18
A1
D

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
50
500
18
A1
600
800
A2

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
REI 120
35
0.247
adequate
27.2
46
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
2.11 Internal wall

CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
OSB
1.5
0.130
Material
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
200-300
600
50
500
18
A1
D

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
50
500
18
A1
600
800
A2

0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
OSB
1.5
0.130
1.3
0.250
200-300
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
REI 120
35
0.236
adequate
27.2
46
Ln,w
Partition walls
Building physics
04/2012
CONTENTS PARTITION WALLS
Component
Left structure
CLT
Right structure
3.1
Facing with pivoting bracket
CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
3.2
CLT 120 C3s
CLT visible quality
3.3
CLT 100 C3s
3.4
CLT 120 C3s
3.5
CLT 100 C3s
3.6
CLT 120 C3s
3.7
CLT visible quality
2 x CLT 100 C3s
CLT visible quality
3.8
CLT visible quality
2 x CLT 100 C3s
3.9
CLT visible quality
2 x CLT 100 C3s
3.10
2 x CLT 100 C3s
3.11
2 x CLT 80 C3s
3.12
2 x CLT 100 C3s
3.13
2 x CLT 80 C3s
3.14
2 x CLT 100 C3s
3.15
2 x CLT 80 C3s
3.16
2 x CLT 100 C3s
3.17
2 x CLT 80 C3s
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.1 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s

mineral wool
wooden battens (on spring clip)
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
Facing wall on spring clip:
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
50
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
500
18
A1
470
Insul. thick.
[cm]
7
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 60
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
35
0.34
adequate
34.0
Rw
45
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.2 Partition wall
CLT 120 C3s

mineral wool
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
50
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
500
18
A1
470
Insul. thick.
[cm]
7
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 60
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
35
0.32
adequate
33.1
Rw
45
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.3 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s

mineral wool
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
2.5
0.250
50
50
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
500
18
A1
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
7
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.33
adequate
42.2
46
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.4 Partition wall
CLT 120 C3s

mineral wool
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
2.5
0.250
50
50
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
500
18
A1
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
7
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.31
adequate
41.4
46
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.5 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
mineral wool

Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
50
500
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.035
18
A1
2.5
0.250
800
A2
Mineral wool
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
2x7
REI 120
35
0.21
adequate
22.8
58
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.6 Partition wall

CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
mineral wool

Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
50
500
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
CLT 120 C3s
12
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.035
18
A1
2.5
0.250
800
A2
Mineral wool
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
2x7
REI 120
35
0.20
adequate
22.8
58
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.7 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
impact sound insulation MW-T
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
Impact sound insulation MW-T
0.035
68
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
[cm]
6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 60
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.26
adequate
34.2
52
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.8 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.26
adequate
38.4
54
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.9 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
2.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
7+6
REI 120
35
0.19
adequate
23.1
66
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.10 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.3
0.250
800
A2
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
35
0.26
adequate
38.4
Rw
60
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.11 Partition wall

CLT 80 C3s
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.3
0.250
800
A2
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
1.3
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
35
0.26
adequate
38.4
Rw
60
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.12 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
Material
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
2.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
7+6
REI 120
35
0.18
adequate
23.1
Rw
67
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.13 Partition wall

CLT 80 C3s
mineral wool
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
2.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
7+6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
35
0.20
adequate
14.9
Rw
66
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.14 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
1.5
0.250
1.5
0.250
0.035
1.5
1.5
Material
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
470
800
A2
800
A2
68
A1
0.250
800
A2
0.250
800
A2
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
1.3
0.250
50
50
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.24
adequate
36.8
70
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.15 Partition wall

CLT 80 C3s
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
1.3
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
Air gap
2
8
0.110
50
1.3
0.250
CLT 80 C3s
470
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.27
adequate
39.4
60
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.16 Partition wall

CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
CLT 100 C3s

mineral wool
wooden battens (on

spring clip)

Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
500
0.130
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 100 C3s
10
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
2.5
0.250
800
A2
50
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
2x7+6
REI 120
35
0.14
adequate
23.1
69
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
3.17 Partition wall

CLT 80 C3s
mineral wool
CLT 80 C3s
mineral wool
wooden battens (on

spring clip)

Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
[W/(mK)]
2.5
0.250
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
800
A2
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
0.035
68
A1
CLT 80 C3s
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.035
2.5
0.250
Mineral wool
18
A1
800
A2
Insul. thick.
[cm]
2x7+6
Fire protection i o
Fire
resistance
REI 90
EI 120
Thermal performance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
35
0.15
adequate
23.1
68
Ln,w
Ceilings
Building physics
04/2012
CONTENTS CEILINGS
Component
Fill
Insulation material
CLT
Slab underside
4.1
Bonded EPS
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
CLT visible quality
4.2
Bonded EPS
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
Panelled with
GKF plasterboard
4.3
Bonded EPS
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
Suspended ceiling with

GKF plasterboard
4.4
Gravel
Mineral wool for sound insulation
CLT 140 L5s
CLT visible quality
4.5
Gravel
CLT 140 L5s
Panelled with GKF

plasterboard
4.6
Gravel
CLT 140 L5s

GKF plasterboard
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
4.1 Floor slab
cement screed
plastic separation layer

EPS sandwich panel
EPS fill, bound

trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Cement screed
Plastic separation layer

EPS sandwich panel
EPS fill, bound
Trickle protection at joints

CLT 140 L5s
14
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.330
50-100
2,000
A1
0.200
100,000
1,400
0.04
60
18
0.2
423
636
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 60
0.35
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Inner 32.5
Outer 140.3
Rw
Ln,w
55
60
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
4.2 Floor slab
cement screed

EPS sandwich panel
EPS fill, bound

trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Cement screed

EPS sandwich panel
EPS fill, bound
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.330
50-100
2,000
A1
0.200
100,000
1,400
0.04
60
18
0.2
423
636
50
470
800
A2
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
1.5
0.250
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 90
0.35
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Inner 37.7
Outer 140.4
Rw
Ln,w
56
59
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
4.3 Floor slab

cement screed

EPS sandwich panel
EPS fill, bound

trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
mineral wool
wooden batten
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Cement screed

EPS sandwich panel
EPS fill, bound

CLT 140 L5s
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.330
50-100
2,000
A1
0.200
100,000
1,400
0.04
60
18
0.2
423
636
14
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
0.035
18
A1
1.5
0.250
800
A2

Mineral wool
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 90
0.24
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Inner 16.5
Outer 140.4
Rw
Ln,w
60
55
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
4.4 Floor slab
cement screed

gravel fill
trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Cement screed

Gravel fill

CLT 140 L5s
14
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.330
50-100
2,000
A1
0.200
100,000
1,400
0.035
68
A1
0.7
1,800
A1
0.2
423
636
0.110
50
470
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 60
0.37
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Inner 32.0
Outer 139.3
Rw
Ln,w
58
51
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
4.5 Floor slab
cement screed

gravel fill
trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Cement screed

Gravel fill
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.330
50-100
2,000
A1
0.200
100,000
1,400
0.035
68
A1
0.7
1,800
A1
0.2
423
636
50
470
800
A2
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
1.5
0.250
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 90
0.36
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Inner 37.5
Outer 139.3
Rw
Ln,w
59
50
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
4.6 Floor slab

cement screed

gravel fill
trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
mineral wool
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Cement screed
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
1.330
50-100
2,000
A1
0.200
100,000
1,400
0.035
68
A1
Gravel fill
0.7
1,800
A1
0.2
423
636
0.110
50
470

CLT 140 L5s
14
Service cavity on spring clip, comprising:

0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
1.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
REI 90
0.23
adequate
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Inner 16.4
Outer 139.3
Rw
Ln,w
65
45
Roofs
Building physics
04/2012
CONTENTS ROOFS
Component
Roof covering
Insulation material
CLT
Slab underside
5.1
Foil roof
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
CLT visible quality
5.2
Foil roof
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
Panelled with GKF

plasterboard
5.3
Foil roof
EPS
CLT 140 L5s

GKF plasterboard
5.4
Foil roof
Softwood fibre (HWF)
CLT 140 L5s
CLT visible quality
5.5
Foil roof
CLT 140 L5s
Panelled with
GKF plasterboard
5.6
Foil roof
CLT 140 L5s

GKF plasterboard
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
5.1 Roof
synthetic membrane
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
vapour barrier, self-adhesive
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Synthetic membrane
0.3
EPS, 2 layers
24
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
40,000
680
60
30
470
0.038
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive
1,500
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
50
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
24
REI 60
0.13
adequate
32.5
36
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
5.2 Roof
synthetic membrane
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Synthetic membrane
0.3
EPS, 2layers
24
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
40,000
680
60
30
470
800
A2
0.038
1,500
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
1.5
0.250
50
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
24
REI 90
0.13
adequate
36.7
Rw
37
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
5.3 Roof
synthetic membrane
EPS
CLT 140 L5s
mineral wool
wooden batten
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Synthetic membrane
0.3
EPS, 2layers
24
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
40,000
680
60
30
0.038
1,500
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
1.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
24
REI 90
0.11
adequate
14.7
43
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
5.4 Roof
synthetic membrane
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 protect
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Synthetic membrane
0.3
Homatherm HDP-Q11 protect, 2 layers
24
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
40,000
680
140
470
0.039
1,500
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
50
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
24
REI 60
0.13
adequate
32.5
38
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
5.5 Roof
synthetic membrane
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 protect
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Synthetic membrane
0.3
24
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
40,000
680
140
470
800
A2
0.039
1,500
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
1.5
0.250
50
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
24
REI 90
0.13
adequate
36.7
Rw
39
Ln,w
Building physics
04/2012
COMPONENT DESIGNS
5.6 Roof
synthetic membrane
Homatherm
HDP-Q11 protect
CLT 140 L5s
mineral wool
wooden batten
Component design
Material
Thick. [cm]
Synthetic membrane
0.3
24
[W/(mK)]
[kg/m]
Flamm. cat.
40,000
680
140
0.039
1,500
CLT 140 L5s
14
0.110
50
470
0.130
50
500
Mineral wool
0.035
18
A1
1.5
0.250
800
A2
Insul. thick.
Fire protection i o
Thermal performance
[cm]
Fire
resistance
Load
[kN/m]
U-value
[W/mK]
Permeability
Thermal
mass mw,B,A
[kg/m]
Rw
24
REI 90
0.11
adequate
14.7
45
Ln,w
Structural analysis
Structural analysis
GENERAL INFORMATION
04/2012
General information about structural engineering with CLT

As the single-layer panels are bonded alternately at right angles to each other, the load can be distributed across
two axesuntil now this was only possible with reinforced concrete engineering. The advantage of this is a more
flexible interior design at the planning stage; designs can now also be simplified, and lower slab ceiling heights
are possible. Although diagonally projecting or point-supported structures require more planning, they are perfectly feasible. CLT panels have a particularly high load capacity as the load-bearing width generally extends
across the entire panel width due to the transverse layers. The high inherent rigidity of CLT also has a positive
impact on bracing a building.
CLT calculation method

The difference to dimensioning solid wood or glued laminated timber lies in the loading of the transverse layers.
In a CLT panel, a load at right angles to the panel plane (e.g. a snow load on a flat roof) generates a shear load
in the transverse layers which acts at right angles to the grain. This shear load is termed rolling shear as the
wood fibres roll off at right angles in the event of a fracture. As a result of the low shear strength or resistance of
the transverse layer (load at right angles to the grain), the stresses or deformations that occur cannot be ignored.
Calculations are carried out in accordance with the lamination theory, taking account of shear distortions. Various
options now exist for calculating cross-laminated timber; one of these is the theory of flexibly connected layers
(also termed the gamma method). The gamma method is the most common method and is also described in
ETA-08/0271.
Fasteners
Verification of the fasteners is described and regulated in the approvals.
Structural analysis
CALCULATING AND DIMENSIONING CLT
04/2012
A. Calculating CLT
The particular feature when calculating CLT lies in the fact that the transverse layers represent low-shear layers.
As a result, the deflection caused by transverse loads and rolling shear can no longer be ignored. Various calculation methods have been developed for this. These methods are outlined briefly below, and the publications
containing full details are listed. In the structural analysis, CLT/cross-laminated timber cannot be regarded and
treated in the same way as solid wood or glued laminated timber.
Stora Enso offers a structural analysis program free of charge on www.clt.info. This can be used to verify common CLT components.
A.1. Calculation based on the lamination theory
A.1.1. With the aid of panel design factors
This calculation method does not take account of deflection as a result of transverse loads and therefore only
applies to relatively large span/thickness ratios (approx. > 30). For symmetrical panel designs, [1] and [2] contain
formulae for calculating EJef in panels and disks.
A.1.2. With the aid of the shear correction coefficient
This method enables ceiling deflection to be determined by calculating the shear correction coefficient for the relevant cross-sectional structure. Fusing framework programs, which take account of deflection as a result of
transverse loads, CLT can be calculated with sufficient accuracy. The method is presented in [3].
A.2. Calculation based on the method
This method was developed to analyse flexibly-connected flexural girders (see [4] and [5]) and can also be applied to CLT. The method is sufficiently accurate for practical building operations and is described in [2] for use
with cross-laminated timber.
This method is also defined in various timber construction standards, e.g. in DIN 1052-1:1988, DIN 1052:2008,
NORM B 4100-2:2003 and in EC 5, EN 1995-1-1.
A.3. Calculation based on the shear analogy method
The shear analogy method is described in DIN 1052-1:2008, appendix D and is regarded as a precise method for
calculating cross-laminated timber with any layer structures. [2] contains a brief explanation, while a more detailed description is given in [6], [7], [8] and [9]. The process is relatively complex compared to those described
above.
A.4. A. Twin-axis calculation of CLT
A.1.1. With the aid of grillages
2D structures can be modelled with the aid of framework programs. Individual references can be found in [10]
and [11], and more detailed information in [9].
A.4.2. With the aid of FEM programs
2D structures can be modelled with the aid of FEM programs. Information can be found in [9] and [12].
B. Calculation of fasteners in CLT
The calculation of fasteners is described in approval Z-9.1-559 for CLT. Detailed descriptions of pin-type fasteners can be found in [13] and [14].
Structural analysis
CALCULATING AND DIMENSIONING CLT
04/2012
Literature cited:
[1]
Bla H. J., Fellmoser P.: Bemessung von Mehrschichtplatten [Dimensioning multi-layer panels]. In: Bauen mit
Holz 105 [Building with wood] 105 (2003), issue 8, pp. 36-39, issue 9, pp. 37-39 or download: www.holz.unikarlsruhe.de under Verffentlichungen [Publications] (status: 10/2008)
[2]
Bla H. J., Grlacher R.: Brettsperrholz - Berechnungsgrundlagen [Cross-laminated timber - Calculation principles]. In: Holzbaukalender [Wooden structure diary] 2003, pp. 580 - 59. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2003.
[3]
Jbstl R.: Praxisgerechte Bemessung von Brettsperrholz [Practical dimensioning of cross-laminated timber]. In:
Ingenieurholzbau, Karlsruher Tage [Timber engineering, Karlsruhe Conference] 2007. Publishers: Bruderverlag
Karlsruhe 2007.
[4]
Schelling W.: Zur Berechnung nachgiebig zusammengesetzter Biegetrger aus beliebig vielen Einzelquerschnitten [Designing flexibly laminated flexing beams made of any number of individual cross-sections]. In: Ehlbeck, J. (ed.); Steck, G. (ed.): Ingenieurholzbau in Forschung und Praxis [Timber engineering in research and
practice]. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 1982.
[5]
Heimeshoff B.: Zur Berechnung von Biegetrgern aus nachgiebig miteinander verbundenen Querschnittsteilen
im Ingenieurholzbau [Calculation of flexing beams comprising flexibly-connected cross-sections in timber engineering]. In: Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff [Wood as a raw material] 45 (1987) pp. 237-241; 1987.
[6]
Kreuzinger H.: Platten, Scheiben und Schalen [Panels, disks and shells]. In: Bauen mit Holz [Building with
wood] 1/99, pp. 34-39; 1999.
[7]
Bla H.J., Ehlbeck J., Kreuzinger H., Steck G.: Erluterungen zu DIN 1052:2004-08 [Explanations on DIN
1052:2004-08], pp. 52-56 and 81-84; publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2004.
[8]
Scholz A.: Schubanalogie in der Praxis [Shear analogy in practice]. Mglichkeiten und Grenzen. [Opportunities
and limitations]. In: Ingenieurholzbau, Karlsruher Tage 2004 [Timber engineering, Karlsruhe Conference 2004].
Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2007.
[9]
Winter S., Kreuzinger H., Mestek P.: TP 15 Flchen aus Brettstapeln, Brettsperrholz und Verbundkonstruktionen [TP 15 surfaces made of glue-laminated and cross-laminated timber and laminated structures]. Technical
University of Munich 2008.
[10]
Various authors: Mehrgeschossiger Holzbau in sterreich: Holzskelett- und Holzmassivbauweise [Multi-storey

wood engineering in Austria: timber frame and solid timber structures]. pp.127-128; Publishers: ProHolz Austria,
Vienna 2002.
[11]
Schrentewein T.: Konzentration auf den Punkt [Concentrating on the point]. In: Bauen mit Holz [Building with
wood] 1/2008, pp. 43-47; 2008.
[12]
Bogensperger T., Prgstaller A.: Modellierung von Strukturen aus Brettsperrholz unter Bercksichtigung der
Verbindungstechnik [Modelling cross-laminated timber structures with reference to fastening systems]. In: Tagungsband der 7. Grazer Holzbau-Fachtagung [Proceedings of 7th Graz Timber Engineering Conference];
2008.
[13]
Uibel T.: Brettsperrholz - Verbindungen mit mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln [Cross-laminated timber connections using mechanical fasteners]. In: Ingenieurholzbau, Karlsruher Tage 2007 [Timber engineering,
Karlsruhe Conference 2007]. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2007.
[14]
Bla H. J., Uibel T.: Tragfhigkeit von stiftfrmigen Verbindungsmitteln in Brettsperrholz [Load capacity of pintype fasteners in cross-laminated timber]. Karlsruher Berichte zum Ingenieurholzbau [Karlsruhe report on timber
engineering] - Vol. 8 (2007).
Structural analysis
CLT - STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM
04/2012
In conjunction with WallnerMild HolzBauSoftware, Stora Enso can provide you with a free-of-charge design program for CLT. The CLT design program can be downloaded free of charge from www.clt.info and is
available in various languages.
System requirements
Microsoft Excel 11.0 (Office 2003)
The software suite has been designed and tested for the above version of Excel. The structural analysis program
should also run with Excel 10.0 (Office XP) to Excel 12.0 (Office 2010).
Initial installation
Double-click the Setup icon to start the installation automatically.
During the installation process, Excel must be closed and the user should have full administrator rights.
It should also be noted that links between *.xls files and OpenOffice can cause problems.
With some computers, problems can also occur with add-ins that are not authorised by Windows. Add-ins form
part of the software suite and must be authorised in order to be activated. This process depends on the operating
system and should be checked on a case by case basis.
Registration
The sole purpose of this registration is to give Stora Enso an overview of the programs distribution so that the
user can be given appropriate advice in every regard and can be kept informed of new features.
Version check
If the CLT design program is already installed and the user would like to update the program, the version check
can be launched via the menu bar.
You will then be directed to www.bemessung.com, and a link for the new version will be emailed to you.
During the installation process, Excel must be closed again and the user should have full administrator
rights.
Structural analysis
The following modules are available to you in the design program:
04/2012
Structural analysis
04/2012
CLT preliminary estimate tables

The preliminary estimate tables shown on the next few pages have been compiled by Stora Enso in good faith
but are not a substitute for a structural analysis for particular applications or circumstances. All the information
contained in the tables complies with the latest state of the art technology, however, errors cannot be ruled out.
Stora Enso shall therefore accept no liability and explicitly states that users of these preliminary estimate tables
are responsible for checking the individual results.
Structural analysis
04/2012
INTERNAL WALLS
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559

DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Internal walls (no wind pressure)

Dead
weight
Imposed
load
gk*)
nk
Height (buckling length)

2,50 m
R0
R 30
10,00
80C3s
20,00
10,00
30,00
40,00
3,00 m
R 60
R 90
80C3s
100C5s
60,00
10,00
100C3s
60C3s
80C3s
30,00
60,00
40,00
60C3s
120C3s
80C3s
100C5s
90C3s
120C3s
60C3s
80C3s
90C3s
80C3s
100C5s
60C3s
90C3s
120C3s
100C5s
80C3s
120C3s
80C3s
100C5s
90C3s
120C5s
20,00
50,00
50,00
60C3s
60,00
80C3s
50,00
60,00
100C5s
80C3s
90C3s
120C3s
90C3s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
100C5s
90C3s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
100C3s
120C5s
140C5s
120C5s
140C5s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
120C3s
100C5s
80C3s
80C3s
120C5s
*TheCLTselfweightisalreadytakenintoaccountinthetableat=500kg/m!
90C3s
100C3s
100C3s
80C3s
80C3s
100C5s
140C5s
90C3s
120C5s
140C5s
90C3s
140C5s
90C3s
100C3s
90C3s
100C3s
120C5s
90C3s
80C3s
80C3s
100C5s
90C3s
140C5s
60C3s
30,00
40,00
80C3s
120C3s
80C3s
60,00
10,00
20,00
100C5s
120C3s
30,00
40,00
140C5s
120C5s
90C3s
80C3s
140C5s
80C3s
140C5s
90C3s
120C5s
60,00
10,00
80C3s
140C5s
60C3s
R 90
100C5s
90C3s
100C3s
140C5s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
100C5s
R 60
120C3s
100C3s
120C3s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
120C5s
R 30
100C3s
140C5s
60C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
80C3s
140C5s
140C5s
10,00
20,00
100C5s
80C3s
80C3s
40,00
50,00
120C3s
80C3s
120C3s
10,00
30,00
60C3s
100C5s
80C3s
R0
60C3s
50,00
20,00
R 90
80C3s
40,00
60,00
4,00 m
R 60
80C3s
120C3s
20,00
30,00
R 30
60C3s
60C3s
50,00
20,00
R0
100C3s
100C5s
120C3s
100C3s
100C5s
120C3s
Service class 1, imposed load category A (0 = 0.7; 1 = 0.5; 2 = 0.3)
Load-bearing capacity:
Fire resistance
a) Verification as a column (compression in accordance w ith equivalent member method)
v1,i = 0.63 mm/min
b) Shearing stresses
v1,a = 0.86 mm/min
kmod = 0.8
R0
R30
R60
R90
This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
04/2012
EXTERNAL WALLS

DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
External walls (w = 1.00 kN/m )

Dead
weight
Imposed
load
gk*)
nk

2,50 m
R0
R 30
10,00
3,00 m
R 60
R 90
10,00
80C3s
100C5s
120C3s
80C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
30,00
30,00
80C3s
50,00
60,00
60C3s
60C3s
40,00
80C3s
100C5s
80C3s
20,00
50,00
80C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00
100C5s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
140C5s
120C5s
80C3s
90C3s
90C3s
100C3s
100C5s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
100C3s
120C5s
140C5s
120C5s
140C5s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
90C3s
100C3s
100C5s
120C3s
100C3s
100C5s
80C3s
90C3s
120C5s
100C3s
120C3s
100C3s
90C3s
140C5s
90C3s
80C3s
100C3s
100C5s
80C3s
100C5s
90C3s
90C3s
80C3s
100C3s
100C5s
90C3s
120C3s
90C3s
140C5s
140C5s
120C5s
120C5s
60C3s
80C3s
120C3s
100C5s
90C3s
140C5s
90C3s
120C5s
100C3s
120C3s
80C3s
140C5s
120C5s
120C5s
90C3s
30,00
40,00
80C3s
80C3s
140C5s
60C3s
60,00
10,00
20,00
100C5s
80C3s
30,00
50,00
60,00
120C3s
40,00
10,00
90C3s
140C5s
60C3s
120C3s
100C5s
80C3s
60C3s
30,00
50,00
60,00
80C3s
120C3s
90C3s
100C5s
R 90
120C3s
100C5s
100C3s
120C5s
R 60
90C3s
80C3s
80C3s
100C5s
80C3s
140C5s
90C3s
140C5s
10,00
20,00
90C3s
80C3s
R 30
100C3s
120C3s
80C3s
120C3s
100C5s
80C3s
40,00
80C3s
140C5s
60C3s
10,00
20,00
100C5s
90C3s
80C3s
60C3s
R0
120C3s
80C3s
80C3s
10,00
20,00
R 90
60C3s
50,00
20,00
4,00 m
R 60
60C3s
60C3s
40,00
60,00
R 30
80C3s
20,00
30,00
R0
100C5s
140C5s
120C5s
100C3s
140C5s
120C3s
160C5s
Load-bearing capacity:
Fire resistance
a) Verification as a column (compression in accordance w ith equivalent member method)
v1,i = 0.63 mm/min
b) Shearing stresses
v1,a = 0.86 mm/min
kmod = 0.8
R0
R30
R60
R90
Structural analysis
04/2012
SINGLE SPAN BEAM - VIBRATION

DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Single-span beam_Vibration
Dead
weight
gk*)
Imposed
load
nk
Span of single-span beam

3,00 m
1,00
2,00
1,00
1,50
2,00
80L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
80L3s
5,00
90L3s
1,00
2,00
80L3s
2,80
80L3s
3,50 m
4,00 m
80L3s
90L3s
90L3s
100L3s
90L3s
100L3s
120L3s
120L3s
120L3s
90L3s
4,50 m
5,00 m
120L3s
120L3s
120L3s
120L3s
140L5s
100L3s
140L5s
120L3s
90L3s
5,00
90L3s
1,00
2,00
80L3s
2,80
90L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
200L5s
180L5s
140L5s
120L3s
140L5s
3,50
4,00
90L3s
120L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
140L5s
160L5s 2
180L5s
90L3s
2,80
120L3s
3,50
4,00
90L3s
5,00
100L3s
120L3s
1,00
2,00
90L3s
90L3s
120L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
140L5s
140L5s
120L3s
100L3s
120L3s
220L7s 2
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
200L5s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
200L5s
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
180L5s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
180L5s
160L5s 2
220L7s 2
140L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
200L5s
240L7s 2
160L5s 2
2,80
3,50
4,00
220L7s 2
180L5s
160L5s 2
120L3s
220L7s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
100L3s
7,00 m
180L5s
160L5s 2
200L5s
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
100L3s
160L5s 2
6,50 m
200L5s
120L3s
120L3s
6,00 m
180L5s
100L3s
3,50
4,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
140L5s
160L5s 2
5,00
2,50
5,50 m
200L5s
160L5s 2
5,00
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
180L5s
260L7s 2
280L7s 2
Serviceclass1,imposedloadcategoryA(0 =0.7;1 =0.5;2 =0.3)
Loadbearingcapacity:
Serviceability:
Fireresistance
a)Verificationofbendingstresses
a)Quasiconstantdesignsituation
HFA2011
b)Verificationofshearingstresses
zulwfin=250
b)Infrequentdesignsituation:
v1=0.65mm/min
kmod=0.8
zulwq,inst=300
zulwfinwg,inst=200
c)Vibration
VibrationaccordingtoEN199511andKreuzinger&Mohr
R0
R30
R60
R90
(f1 >8Hzorf1 >5Hzwitha=0.4m/s,v<vgrenz,wEF<1mm)

D=2%,5cmcementscreed,b=1.2
kdef=0.6
Since any vibration depends not only on the span but also on the mass, a thicker ceiling may be necessary despite a shorter span.
This table specifies the required thicknesses for the normal design situation (R0). The colour shading represents the fire resistance
time which is also attained with this thickness. If a higher fire resistance time is required, a separate analysis must be carried out.
Structural analysis
04/2012
SINGLE-SPAN BEAM - DEFORMATION

DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Single-span beam_deformation
Dead
weight
gk*)
Imposed
load
nk

3,00 m
1,00
80L3s
2,00
1,00
2,80
3,50
80L3s
4,00
5,00
1,00
90L3s
80L3s
2,00
1,50
90L3s
90L3s
90L3s
100L3s
120L3s
90L3s
90L3s
5,00
90L3s
80L3s
2,00
2,80
5,00 m
120L3s
100L3s
120L3s
120L3s
140L5s
120L3s
100L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
120L3s
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
90L3s
2,00
2,80
3,50
90L3s
120L3s
100L3s
120L3s
120L3s
4,00
5,00
100L3s
120L3s
1,00
2,00
90L3s
90L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
140L5s
140L5s
4,00
5,00
160L5s 2
180L5s
120L3s
180L5s
200L5s
200L5s
220L7s 2
180L5s
200L5s
200L5s
220L7s 2
200L5s
220L7s 2
180L5s
180L5s
220L7s 2
200L5s
200L5s
220L7s 2
140L5s
180L5s
220L7s 2
160L5s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
160L5s 2
100L3s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
160L5s 2
120L3s
140L5s
200L5s
220L7s 2
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
2,80
3,50
160L5s 2
200L5s
180L5s
180L5s
120L3s
140L5s
180L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
7,00 m
140L5s
90L3s
90L3s
200L5s
140L5s
6,50 m
160L5s 2
140L5s
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
100L3s
6,00 m
160L5s 2
120L3s
120L3s
5,50 m
120L3s
3,50
5,00
1,00
3,00
4,50 m
100L3s
3,50
4,00
4,00
2,50
4,00 m
80L3s
80L3s
2,80
1,00
2,00
3,50 m
220L7s 2
200L5s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
180L5s
Serviceability:
Fireresistance
HFA2011
zulwfin=250
v1=0.65mm/min
kmod=0.8
zulwq,inst=300
R0
zulwfinwg,inst=200
R30
R60
kdef=0.6
R90
Structural analysis
04/2012
TWO-SPAN BEAM - VIBRATION

DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Two-span beam_Vibration
Dead
weight
gk*)
1,00
Imposed
load
nk
3,00 m
3,50 m
4,00 m
4,50 m
5,00 m
5,50 m
1,00
60L3s
80L3s
80L3s
100L3s
120L3s
140L5s
2,00
2,80
80L3s
90L3s
120L3s
80L3s
4,00
2,00
2,50
90L3s
100L3s
100L3s
80L3s
3,50
4,00
5,00
100L3s
1,00
2,00
80L3s
100L3s
80L3s
120L3s
2,80
80L3s
3,50
90L3s
4,00
5,00
100L3s
1,00
80L3s
2,00
2,80
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
140L5s
120L3s
90L3s
140L5s
120L3s
180L5s
140L5s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
3,00
80L3s
100L3s
90L3s
2,00
80L3s
90L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
220L7s 2
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
240L7s 2
200L5s
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
180L5s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
220L7s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
240L7s 2
140L5s
120L3s
80L3s
240L7s 2
220L7s 2
180L5s
160L5s 2
4,00
5,00
1,00
220L7s 2
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
90L3s
3,50
220L7s 2
200L5s
180L5s
200L5s
120L3s
80L3s
7,00 m
180L5s
180L5s
120L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
6,50 m
200L5s
140L5s
100L3s
100L3s
90L3s
160L5s 2
120L3s
90L3s
80L3s
2,80
120L3s
140L5s
120L3s
80L3s
2,00
1,50
120L3s
80L3s
3,50
5,00
1,00
90L3s
6,00 m
160L5s 2
200L5s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
5,00
160L5s 2
180L5s
280L7s 2
220L7s 2
Serviceability:
Fireresistance
zulwfin=250
=0.65mm/min
kmod=0.8
260L7s 2
100L3s
zulwq,inst=300
zulwfinwg,inst=200
c)Vibration
VibrationaccordingtoEN199511andKreuzinger&Mohr
R0
R30
R60
R90
(f1 >8Hzorf1 >5Hzwitha=0.4m/s,v<vgrenz,wEF<1mm)

D=2%,5cmcementscreed,b=1.2
kdef=0.6
Since any vibration depends not only on the span but also on the mass, a thicker ceiling may be necessary despite a shorter span.
The analysis was carried out using the imposed load on one field. In the event of imposed loads on both fields, the required ceiling
thickness may be reduced.
Structural analysis
04/2012
TWO-SPAN BEAM - DEFORMATION

DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Two-span beam_Deformation
Dead
weight
gk*)
Imposed
load
nk

3,00 m
1,00
60L3s
2,00
1,00
2,80
3,50
80L3s
4,00
80L3s
5,00
1,00
2,00
90L3s
100L3s
5,50 m
90L3s
120L3s
90L3s
100L3s
100L3s
120L3s
120L3s
140L5s
80L3s
80L3s
3,50
5,00 m
80L3s
120L3s
90L3s
80L3s
2,80
90L3s
100L3s
90L3s
100L3s
120L3s
1,00
2,00
80L3s
90L3s
90L3s
100L3s
100L3s
120L3s
2,80
80L3s
3,50
80L3s
140L5s
5,00
100L3s
120L3s
1,00
80L3s
90L3s
1,00
2,00
80L3s
80L3s
2,80
5,00
140L5s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
180L5s
180L5s
140L5s
200L5s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
180L5s
180L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
200L5s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
180L5s
180L5s
140L5s
120L3s
160L5s 2
200L5s
180L5s
160L5s 2
100L3s
180L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
140L5s
200L5s
180L5s
160L5s 2
120L3s
180L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
100L3s
200L5s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
80L3s
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
140L5s
120L3s
90L3s
3,50
4,00
100L3s
120L3s
120L3s
100L3s
90L3s
80L3s
140L5s
140L5s
80L3s
3,50
7,00 m
160L5s 2
90L3s
80L3s
160L5s 2
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
4,00
2,80
160L5s 2
120L3s
120L3s
5,00
120L3s
6,50 m
140L5s
140L5s
120L3s
90L3s
6,00 m
120L3s
100L3s
100L3s
4,00
4,00
5,00
3,00
80L3s
90L3s
4,50 m
80L3s
60L3s
2,00
2,50
4,00 m
80L3s
100L3s
2,00
1,50
3,50 m
200L5s
220L7s 2
Serviceclass1,imposedloadcategoryA(0=0.7;1=0.5;2=0.3)
Serviceability:
Fireresistance
HFA2011
zulwfin=250
v1=0.65mm/min
kmod=0.8
zulwq,inst=300
R0
zulwfinwg,inst=200
R30
R60
kdef=0.6
R90
The analysis was carried out using the imposed load on one field. In the event of imposed loads on both fields, the required ceiling
thickness may be reduced.
Structural analysis
04/2012
APPLICATION EXAMPLE - CEILING
1.) Assumption regarding dead weight

- The dead weight of the ceiling structure (screed, etc.) is assumed, for example, to be gk = 1.5 kN/m; the
dead weight of the CLT panel has already been taken into account in the table.
2.) Assumption regarding imposed load
- Living space 2.00 kN/m + partition wall allowance 0.8 kN/m nk = 2.8 kN/m
(Different imposed loads must be inserted, depending on the type of use, e.g. meeting room, office, pitched
roof area, etc.)
3.) Determining span
- There are two options: single-span beam and two-span beam single-span beam with 4.5 m is used in this
case.
4.) Defining criterion for evidence of serviceability
- There are two different criteria: evidence of deformation (see separate dimensioning table) and evidence of
vibration properties evidence of vibration properties is decisive in this case.
5.) Using a preliminary estimate table
- A CLT 120 L3s is proposed; this meets the R 30 specifications at the same time.
DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Single-span beam_Vibration
Dead
weight
Imposed
load
gk*)
nk

3,00 m
1,00
2,00
1,00
2,80
3,50
4,00
80L3s
80L3s
5,00
90L3s
1,00
80L3s
2,00
1,50
2,80
3,50
80L3s
4,00
90L3s
5,00
90L3s
1,00
2,00
2,00
2,80
3,50 m
4,00 m
80L3s
90L3s
90L3s
100L3s
90L3s
100L3s
120L3s
90L3s
4,50 m
120L3s
120L3s
120L3s
120L3s
140L5s
120L3s
100L3s
120L3s
140L5s
2,50
2,00
2,80
3,50
120L3s
120L3s
80L3s
120L3s
3,00
120L3s
120L3s
140L5s
90L3s
200L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
160L5s 2
90L3s
90L3s
100L3s
120L3s
100L3s
90L3s
90L3s
120L3s
120L3s
180L5s
160L5s 2
140L5s
140L5s
120L3s
120L3s
200L5s
240L7s 2
220L7s 2
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
240L7s 2
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
200L5s
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
180L5s
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
220L7s 2
200L5s
180L5s
160L5s 2
220L7s 2
160L5s 2
140L5s
120L3s
140L5s
220L7s 2
220L7s 2
160L5s 2
100L3s
220L7s 2
180L5s
160L5s 2
120L3s
7,00 m
180L5s
160L5s 2
200L5s
1,00
4,00
160L5s 2
180L5s
140L5s
6,50 m
200L5s
90L3s
2,00
2,80
3,50
160L5s 2
200L5s
140L5s
120L3s
100L3s
6,00 m
180L5s
100L3s
4,00
5,00
140L5s
160L5s 2
5,00
1,00
5,50 m
120L3s
3,50
4,00
5,00 m
200L5s
160L5s 2
5,00
220L7s 2
240L7s 2
260L7s 2
R0
R30
180L5s
280L7s 2
R60
R90
Structural analysis
04/2012
APPLICATION EXAMPLE - WALL
1.) Determining the effects on the external wall

Effect on upper floor walls from roof
Effect on upper floor walls from roof
(parallel
to Wnde
eaves)
Einwirkung auf
OG aus Dach (lngs zur Traufe) (parallel
Einwirkungto
aufeaves)
Wnde OG aus Dach (lngs zur Traufe)
gk =13 kN/m
sk = 27 kN/m
gk =13 kN/m
sk = 27 kN/m
- This requires information about the building

location (altitude, snow zone, wind zone,
etc.)
- Since the outer wall usually bears the weight
of the roof, information is required about the
roof structure.
Wind
pressure
kN/m
Winddruck
wk = =
0,80,8
kN/m
Effect on upper floor walls from

roof (parallel to eaves)
DG
Einwirkung auf Wnde EG aus Decke (lngs zur Traufe)

ceiling)
gk =
17 kN/m (from
(aus Decke)
ceiling)
qk =
13 kN/m (from
(aus Decke)
- Determination of the characteristic values is

sufficent to use the tables. The design values are automatically taken into account in
the tables.
2,9000
EG
Effect on ground floor walls (lengthwise along the eaves)

gk = 13 kN/m (from roof) + 17 kN/m (from ceiling)
sk = 27 kN/m (from roof)
sk + qk
qk = 13 kN/m (from ceiling)
wk = 0.8 kN/mi (from wind pressure)
30 kN/m
40 kN/m
2.) Determining the buckling length of the wall

- In this case the buckling length corresponds to the wall height = 2.90 m ~ 3.00 m
3.) Determining criteria for the fire load
- Fire-retardant = R 30
4.) Using a preliminary estimate table
- A CLT 90 C3s is proposed
DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
External walls (w = 1.00 kN/m )

Dead
weight
Imposed
load
gk*)
nk

2,50 m
R0
R 30
10,00
3,00 m
R 60
R 90
30,00
10,00
20,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
30,00
60C3s
80C3s
100C5s
40,00
10,00
50,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
10,00
80C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
80C3s
80C3s
90C3s
100C5s
120C3s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
100C5s
80C3s
90C3s
60C3s
60C3s
120C3s
80C3s
100C5s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
100C5s
80C3s
80C3s
80C3s
120C3s
140C5s
80C3s
90C3s
90C3s
100C3s
100C5s
140C5s
80C3s
90C3s
100C5s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
100C3s
120C5s
140C5s
120C5s
140C5s
120C5s
140C5s
100C5s
90C3s
100C3s
100C5s
120C3s
100C3s
100C5s
80C3s
90C3s
120C5s
100C3s
120C3s
R0
100C3s
90C3s
140C5s
120C5s
90C3s
80C3s
100C3s
100C5s
80C3s
120C5s
100C5s
120C5s
120C5s
60C3s
90C3s
90C3s
80C3s
100C3s
100C5s
90C3s
140C5s
90C3s
140C5s
100C3s
120C3s
80C3s
120C3s
100C5s
R 90
120C3s
120C5s
90C3s
60C3s
90C3s
140C5s
120C5s
90C3s
140C5s
80C3s
120C3s
100C5s
80C3s
140C5s
80C3s
100C5s
100C3s
90C3s
120C5s
60C3s
120C3s
R 60
80C3s
140C5s
90C3s
140C5s
60C3s
80C3s
100C5s
R 30
100C3s
140C5s
60C3s
120C3s
80C3s
20,00
60,00
100C5s
90C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00
80C3s
120C3s
80C3s
60C3s
R0
60C3s
10,00
20,00
30,00
R 90
120C3s
80C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00
4,00 m
R 60
60C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00
R 30
80C3s
20,00
10,00
R0
100C5s
140C5s
120C5s
100C3s
140C5s
R30
R60
120C3s
160C5s
R90
Structural analysis
EARTHQUAKES
04/2012
Thanks to their high static strength and flexibility, buildings built with CLT solid wood panels perform superbly in
areas of seismic activity. As solid wood is lighter than concrete, the weight of the building is better able to withstand tremors.
In recent years, six- and seven-storey solid wood buildings were tested on the worlds largest vibrating table in
Japan during simulations of earthquakes measuring 7.5 on the open-ended Richter scale. The buildings suffered
virtually no damage.
(See also: http://www.progettosofie.it/ita/multimedia.html)
Earthquake performance of buildings of solid wood construction
At the request of Stora Enso, Graz University of Technology composed a 214-page work comparing CLT, tile and
concrete in terms of earthquake performance. The work also clearly demonstrates how to perform a structural
analysis (according to Eurocode 8) with regard to earthquakes.
The information brochure can be downloaded from www.clt.info.
Evidence of the earthquake safety of wooden buildings

In addition, Stora Enso recommends the extremely informative study on the earthquake safety of wooden buildings written by the Chamber of Engineers in North Rhine Westphalia and Dsseldorf. (See: www.ikbaunrw.de)
Project management and

transport
Project management & transport

CLT ORDER PROCESSING
04/2012
Quotation phase
We will be happy to draw up an appropriate quotation for you based on your documents. Documents can be
submitted to Stora Enso in the following form:

Tender text (cuttings must be taken into account)

Individual part drawings
We will gladly assist you in determining the appropriate dimensions from planning permission submissions and
building site plans. A preliminary estimate program which enables easy determination of amounts can be downloaded free of charge from www.clt.info. If you require our assistance during preliminary dimensioning, please
provide the following information:
Imposed load
Permanent loads (load, floor structure, etc.)
Location (snow load)
Please note that the amounts determined by Stora Enso may differ from those actually required, as definitive dimensioning is only carried out during the course of the preparation for work.
Order phase
If Stora Enso submits a quotation for your project, we would be grateful if you would sign and return this to us as
confirmation that you wish to place the order.
A provisional production reservation is made based on the previously determined amounts. This then results in an
agreed delivery date which can be met by Stora Enso under the following conditions:
Forwarding of the required individual part drawings (see Individual part drawing request) summarised in
*.dwg or *.dxf format, containing the following information:
Panel numbering
Span directions
Panel thickness
Complete dimensions
Panel joint
Surface quality
Visible side
Completed order form
Approval by the customer at least 12 days before dispatch of the panel drawings/charging list drawn up by
Stora Enso
No requests for changes by the customer during the final 12 working days before dispatch
Once the required documents have been received, the Stora Enso CLT engineering team will commence the definitive planning of your project.
On completion of the plans by Stora Enso, we request that you check them along with the panel, freight and
charging list, and provide us with your written approval.
Once we have received these documents from you, Stora Enso will commence production of your CLT project.
The machined CLT panels are delivered to the destination at the agreed time in the appropriate transport sequence (see Transport).

INDIVIDUAL PART DRAW INGS
04/2012
In the case of three-dimensional drawings, after consultation with our CLT engineering department
(clt.technik@storaenso.com), we can further process your drawing files in *.ifc, *.3d DWG, *.3d dxf or *.sat (acis)
format.
Otherwise, we require individual part drawings, which must include the following information:

Panel numbering
Grain direction of cover layers
Panel thickness + panel type (C or L)
Complete dimensions
Panel joint
Surface quality
Position of visible side
Position of upper loading side
Please ensure that we receive your drawings on schedule in order to meet your requested delivery date. In general, 20 working days should be allowed between reception of the plans and the delivery date.
The drawing, which should be prepared as an orthographic projection with labelled views, may be similar to the
following:
For walls

INDIVIDUAL PART DRAW INGS
04/2012
For ceilings
Please send us your individual part drawings combined in one *.dwg or *.dxf file.
In general, you should ensure that part labelling is unambiguous. For large buildings, you can ensure unambiguous labelling by sending us drawings for each floor.
The order in which panels are later loaded should also be taken into consideration when preparing drawings
(panel numbering).

04/2012
CHARGED DIMENSIONS
Charged lengths:
From minimum production length of 8.00 m per charged width up to max. 16.00 m (in
10 cm increments)
Charged widths:
2.45 m, 2.75 m, 2.95 m
Example 1
15,900 x 2,950 mm
Charged dimensions:
2.95 x 15.90
46.91 m
Area of panel (net):

Cutting waste:
38.59 m
8.32 m
Charged dimensions:
46.91m
Example 2
12,100 x 2,450 mm
Charged dimensions:
2.45 x 12.10
29.65 m
Area of panel (net):

Cutting waste:
23.58 m
6.07 m
Charged dimensions:
29.65 m

04/2012
TRANSPORT
Horizontal transport
A standard articulated trailer can be loaded to a maximum of 25 t in the case of horizontal transport, with a maximum load length of 13.6 m and a maximum load width of 2.95 m. If the panel thickness permits, CLT solid wood
panels with a maximum length of 16.0 m can also be transported with a standard articulated trailer. A density of
470 kg/m can be applied to calculate the loading weight.
If any special equipment is required, we will be happy to provide this. However, please note the following changes to the max. load length, width and weight.
Standard equipment
Max. load
Max. load length
Max. load width
25 t
13.60 m
2.95
Max. load
Max. load length
Max. load width
Extendable trailer
22 t
16.00 m
2.95 m
Steerable trailer
22 t
16.00 m
2.95 m
20-22 t
16.00 m
2.95 m
Standard articulated trailer
Special equipment
Steerable trailer with all-wheel

drive
Once loaded, the CLT solid wood panels are secured using 3 nailed straps per side to prevent sideways slippage
and then covered with a truck tarpaulin. This is necessary to protect the panels against ambient influences.
Cardboard edge protectors are also placed between the lashing straps and the panels.
When transporting visible quality panels, the panels are wrapped in UV impermeable foil before they leave the
factory.
We use a minimum of 8 wooden skids (75 x 75 mm or 95 x 95 mm) as standard under the first layer of panels
loaded onto the trailer. However, each subsequent layer is stacked horizontally, directly on top of the previous
layer.
Please inform us when placing the order (and include diagrams) if you require intermediate wooden skids for unloading by crane or forklift. The wooden skids will be taken back by the haulage company. If you keep the skids
for your own use, we will charge them to your account.
Standard wooden skid for first panel layer

Wooden skid for unloading by forklift on request
Perforated strap
1.4 m
max. 4 m
max. 2.6 m
As standard up to 13.6 m or projecting up to max. 16.0 m (depending on panel thickness)

04/2012
TRANSPORT
Vertical transport
A mega trailer can be loaded to a maximum of 20 t in the case of vertical transport, with a max. load length of
13.6 m and a max. load height of 3.0 m. Please note that as a result of the A-shaped frames, the load lifting radius is smaller than with horizontal transport (max. approx. 40 m depending on the panel edge dimensions and
thicknesses). A density of 470 kg/m can be applied to calculate the load weight.
Each trailer has at least 6 A-shaped frames against which the CLT solid wood panels can be leaned and then
screwed to each other (screw points are marked in colour). The panels are then further connected to each other
using lashing straps on the sides of the racks, and the entire load is then also firmly strapped together.
The panels are also placed on chocks which prevent them from slipping or tilting.
As with horizontal transport, cardboard edge protectors are placed between the lashing straps and the panels.
If visible quality panels are to be loaded vertically, it may be necessary to screw fastening screws through the
visible surface to ensure the necessary load securing measures.
If the A-shaped frames or chocks are not returned to us, we will charge them to your account.
max. 13.6 m
max. 2.50 m
Chock
Non-slip mat
max. 3 m
A-shaped frame

TERMS OF TRANSPORT
04/2012
You must adhere to the following terms and ensure compliance with them for Stora Enso:
1.
Access to the building site must be suitable for an articulated lorry or trailer-truck. You must ensure that
the public roads leading to the building site can accommodate an articulated lorry having a total length of
approx. 19 m.
2.
Transport costs and any additional costs resulting from idle, reloading or handling times shall be charged
to the purchaser. The transport price includes 3 hours idle time for unloading but does not include work
required for moving or unloading goods. The agreed price of 15.00 or 25.00 (excl. VAT) (for articulated
trailers) will be charged separately for each additional quarter of an hour or part thereof. The lorry driver
must sign for any idle times.
3.
A maximum of 40 m or 20 t of CLT solid wood panels can be transported horizontally per truck load (depending on the articulated lorry). The loading order for the panels can only be complied with to the extent
that this does not result in a violation of traffic laws or impair transport conditions.
4.
Transport requirements are calculated based on a standard articulated lorry. If the building site can only
be accessed by a special steerable articulated trailer or similar vehicle, the additional expense will be
charged to the customer.
5.
Normal postponement of a delivery date (i.e. up to 3 working days) can be requested by up to a period of
10 working days prior to delivery at no charge to the customer. If notice of delivery postponement is given
less than 10 working days before delivery, 100.00 (excl. VAT) will be charged per day postponed for
storage and handling.
6.
Transport is defined as: CPT Carriage Paid To.
7.
If the goods are collected by the customer, the carrier must provide the appropriate equipment to ensure
safe loading and transport. In the event of any delivery postponement (see item 5), applicable storage
and handling costs must also be taken into account. If the equipment does not comply with the necessary
stipulations and thus optimum load securing cannot be guaranteed, Stora Enso shall not ship any items.
8.
If unforeseen events occur which are beyond Stora Ensos control, Stora Enso shall be entitled to postpone delivery correspondingly, even if such events only have an indirect effect on processing the order.
The items listed above regarding transport of Stora Enso CLT solid wood panels
are essential for the order to be agreed.

04/2012
TENDER TEXT
Tender text for CLT solid wood panels

The following tender texts are intended as a suggestion or guideline and can be expanded or reduced as required. These texts relate to the cross-laminated timber shell and must be adapted to the particular building project. Ideally, the items for additional coating layers and their connections should be formulated in accordance with
the Austrian Building Specifications (LBHB).
A. Cross-laminated timber: general description and specifications
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a laminar timber panel made up of at least three solid wood layers bonded at
right angles to each other. 3-, 5- and 7-layer panels are mainly used.
Cross-laminated timber is also known as CLT or X-Lam.
CLT must comply with the General Building Inspection Approval (ABZ) of the German Institute for Structural Engineering and the European Technical Approval (ETA).
The manufacturer must hold the relevant certificates of conformity and be entitled to mark the products with the
and CE marks.
The manufacturing plant must hold a glulam certificate to DIN 1052.
The raw material used (softwood) must have a wood moisture content of approx. 12% and meet strength class
C24 as a minimum.
Finger jointing of the individual boards to form lamellas must be performed in the form of flat dovetailing.
The board lamellas of the individual layers must be laterally bonded to form single-layer panels (for reasons with
respect to building physics and structural engineering, and to ensure a proper connection). Boards which are
simply laid next to each other may not be used as cover or middle layers. In addition, test certificates documenting the products airtightness must also be available.
Formaldehyde-free adhesives must be used to bond the finger joints, single-layer panels (bonding the narrow
sides of the individual boards) and for the crosswise bonding of the single-layer panels to form multi-layer panels.
A general finger joint (finger jointing across the entire cross-section of a panel) is not permissible.
The surface of non-visible, industrial visible and visible quality panels must be sanded and graded according to
Stora Ensos requirements.
The design must be based solely on the concept of large-format, cross-laminated timber panels (up to a maximum panel size of 2.95 m x 16 m). This provides for high-strength wall, ceiling and roof panels while keeping the
number of panel joints to a minimum.
Suggested product
CLT in accordance with the General Building Inspection Approval Z-9.1-559 of the German Institute for Structural Engineering and European Technical Approval ETA-08/0271.
Manufacturer
Stora Enso WP Bad St. Leonhard GesmbH

Wisperndorf 4
A-9462 Bad St. Leonhard
Tel.: +43 (0) 4350 2301-3207
Fax: +43 (0) 2826 7001 88-3207
Email: clt.info@storaenso.com
www.clt.info
Stora Enso Wood Products GmbH

Bahnhofstrae 31
AT-3370 Ybbs/Donau, Austria
Tel.: +43 (0) 4350 2301-3207
Fax: +43 (0) 2826 7001 88-3207
Email: clt.info@storaenso.com
www.clt.info

TENDER TEXT
04/2012
B. General information
Panels
The panels are not treated with any coatings, wood preservatives or similar at the factory.
Available surface qualities:

Visible quality (VI, one-sided or BVI, on both sides)

Industrial visible quality (IVI, one-sided industrial visual quality and one-sided visible quality)
Industrial non-visible quality (INV, one-sided industrial visible quality, one-sided non-visible quality)
Non-visible quality (NVI, on both sides)
Construction/structural analysis
The orientation of the panel cover layers must take account of load transfer and structural analysis considerations.
Transport/assembly
The panels must be protected against direct weathering during transport, assembly and when standing as a shell.
Particularly where cross-laminated timber is used for visible panels it is important to avoid water stains and other
cosmetic flaws. The technical function of the panels will not be impaired if they briefly come into contact with water. The entire shell should be covered using a protective sheet or tarpaulins until it has been rendered rain-proof.
The building company must establish details of site conditions (access possibilities, position of the crane, etc.) so
that delivery and assembly of the solid wood panels can be carried out appropriately.
The CLT solid wood panels must be transferred using lifting gear provided on site or by the contractor. For unloading purposes, wall panels are generally provided with two attachment points, and ceiling panels with four attachment points. The respective panels weight and the transport position must be taken into account when deciding on the attachment points. Only undamaged suspension gear, chains or slings with an adequate load capacity
and load hooks with a safety catch may be used.
Care must be taken to ensure that the crane system is adequately stable during the construction phase.
Joints
A butt joint with a rebate on both sides and a jointing board or stepped rebate is recommended as the standard
panel joint.
Nails, wood screws (usually self-tapping wood screws), bolts, pins and special-design dowels may be used as
fasteners, as specified in the approval documents. The number and position of the fasteners must be determined
in accordance with design and structural analysis considerations.
The panel joints must be made wind-proof and airtight (e.g. using wall gasket Compriband, expanded foam
strips, butyl strip sealants, etc.).
Base points - sole plates:
CLT solid wood panels must be protected against rising damp at points at which they are in contact with concrete,
masonry etc. Any unevenness in the floor plate must be corrected before commencing the building work by levelling with shims (padding elements) or appropriate sleepers. If the panels do not achieve a flush connection, the
base joints must be thoroughly filled (e.g. using self-levelling mortar).

TENDER TEXT
04/2012
Wiring
It is recommended that wiring cut-outs are prefabricated at the factory, wherever possible. If cut out on site, the
load-bearing longitudinal CLT layers must not be weakened by transverse cuts or cross-sections.
If cut-outs for wiring are produced on site by craftsmen, the contractor must monitor the craftsmen's work to ensure that structurally important areas are not weakened.
Costing
The itemised prices must include:

All consumables and auxiliary parts such as: fasteners, jointing boards, sole plate timbers, soundinsulation and joint sealant strips
All costs for a crane and other lifting gear
All auxiliary equipment and structures needed to assemble the panels
Measures to protect against weathering during assembly
Any protective measures required for installed visible surfaces (e.g. thin soft wood fibred panels, lengths
of felt, foam films, etc.)
Note
CLT manufacturers charge contractors on the basis of the rectangular area circumscribed by the charged widths,
including any waste from cut-outs and off-cuts.
Charged lengths: from minimum production length of 8.00 m per charged width up to max. 16.00 m (in 10 cm increments).
Charged widths: for walls and ceilings: 245, 275 and 295 cm.
Charging of the client by the contractor in accordance with this tender is based on standard practice (certain
openings, gables, etc. are disregarded or deducted when measuring) for walls, ceilings and roofs.

04/2012
TENDER TEXT
C. Examples for item texts

Wall panels
Machine (including window and door cut-outs, notches, rebates, etc.), supply and assemble wall panels onto the
appropriate sub-structure. All the necessary fastening and sealing materials and any interlocking panels required
(e.g. panel strips made of 3-layer panels or similar) must be included.
Cross-laminated timber
Wood type:
Surface:
Surface quality:
Structure:
Spruce
Smooth, sanded on both sides
Non-visible (NVI), industrial visible and visible quality (VI, one-sided visible)
single-layer panel design throughout
Recommended product:
Manufacturer:
CLT - cross-laminated timber to Z-9.1-559 and ETA-08/0271

Stora Enso WP Bad St. Leonhard GesmbH or
Item 01:
Wall panel
CLT 100 C3s
Quantity:
Panel thickness:
Panel height and length:
Panel size:
Surface quality:
1
100 mm, laminated in 3 layers, cover layer vertical
2.95 m x 9.40 m
parallel wall height or varying wall height
Non-visible (NVI)
No. of openings < 1.5 m: 2

Labour .
Misc. .
. m
Product offered:
Manufacturer:
Unit price .
Total .
..
..

04/2012
TENDER TEXT
Ceiling panels/roof panels

Machine (including cut-outs, notches, rebates, etc.), supply and assemble ceiling or roof panels onto the substructure. All the necessary fastening and sealing materials and any interlocking panels required (e.g. panel strips
made of 3-layer panels or similar) must be included.
Cross-laminated timber
Wood type:
Surface:
Surface quality:
Structure:
Spruce
Smooth, sanded on both sides
Non-visible (NVI), industrial visible or visible quality (VI, one side visible)
single-layer panel design throughout
Recommended product:
Manufacturer:
CLT - cross-laminated timber to Z-9.1-559 and ETA-08/0271

Stora Enso Timber Bad St. Leonhard GesmbH or
Item 02
Ceiling or roof panel
CLT 180 L5s
Quantity:
Panel thickness:
Panel width:
Panel length:
Plan shape:
1
180 mm, laminated in 5 layers, cover layer longitudinal
2.75 m
11.20 m
right angle

Labour .
Misc. .
. m
Product offered:
Manufacturer:
Unit price .
Total .
...
...
Machining
Machining
04/2012
CLT - CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER
Below is an overview of the machining options of our Hundegger CLT panel cutting machine.
The machining options shown here cover most common machining operations. Any special machining operations
must always be clarified in advance and evaluated in conjunction with the Production department.
Machining options with the panel cutting machine

NOTE: as a basic principle, make sure that all machining process are performed on the same side of the panel
(panel surface).
Individual double sided panel machining operations are only possible upon request (in this case, the
panel must be turned over).
NOTE 2: by way of example, the illustration (on the right) shows several individual parts nesting inside a raw
panel with different machining techniques.
Panel 1
No special edge working (e.g. rebates on

underside, groove, horizontal bore) is possible.
Panel 2
Panel 3
In this case, it is also possible to work rebates
on the underside of the panel, as the tool can
process the individual part from the outer edge
of the raw panel.
Panel 4
Machining
04/2012
a) Window and door cut-outs

Tools used:

Circular saw
Chainsaw
Finger-joint cutter
Note:
With VI panels, cut-outs in corner areas are milled as standard
using the finger-joint cutter (therefore a corner radius of at
least 20 mm, from 160 mm panel thickness 40 mm) and not
cut out with the chainsaw (because of the risk of the chainsaw
blade pulling out or splashing oil).
Rounded corners on VI panels
Sharp-edged corners on
NVI/IVI panels
b) Purlin/rafter/tie beam notches

Tools used:
Chainsaw for NVI/IVI panels
Finger-joint cutter for VI panels
Note:
In the case of purlin/rafter/tie beam notches, the corners can
be formed using the chainsaw, which may have an adverse
effect on the appearance (overlap).
Machining
04/2012
c) Double mitre cuts

Tools used:

Circular saw
Chainsaw
Finger-joint cutter
Note:
With extremely complex details, the corners may be recut
manually with a chainsaw.
This should particularly be taken into account with VI panels.
d) Rebate and groove milling

Tools used:
Plain milling cutter with 3-axis assembly
Note:
Plain milling cutter h = 12 mm
max. rebate width: 100 mm
d 1) Single rebates
Tools used:

Plain milling cutter

Finger-joint cutter
Machining
04/2012
d 2) Double rebates
Tools used:
Note:
Rebates on the panel surface are possible in any rebate width
and height.
Rebates on the underside of the panel depend on the tool
used, but must have a minimum rebate height of 12 mm.
d 3) Groove or slot milling

Tools used:
Note:
Plain milling cutter h = 12mm
Plain milling cutter h = 120mm max. rebate width: 120 mm
d 4) Interlocking tiles
Tools used:

Plain milling cutters

Finger-joint cutter d = 40 mm
Note:
In the case of interlocking tiles, the plain milling cutter is used

to cut to the desired point. The corner is recut using the fingerjoint cutter d = 40 mm. A rounded edge of r = 20 mm is left.
Finger-joint cutter r = 20
mm
Machining
04/2012
e) Birdsmouths
Tools used:
f) Step machining or similar

Tools used:

Finger-joint cutter
Note:
If a plain milling cutter is used, this must start laterally at the edge.
Finger-joint cutters can be used directly from above.
g) Circular holes
Tools used:
Finger-joint cutter; d = 40 / 80 mm
Note:
Smallest circular hole diameter:
Max. bore depth at d = 40 mm:
45 mm
160 mm
300 mm
NOTE: With the 40 mm and 80 finger-joint cutters, holes cannot be made with a precise diameter of
40 mm or 80 mm as they scorch severely during the drilling process. 40 mm and 80 mm holes must be
machined with diameters which are at least 5 mm larger.
Machining
04/2012
h) Holes
Tools used:
Drill bit; d = 8 / 10 / 20 / 22 / 30 / 35 mm
i) Electrical ducts
Tools used:
Note:
Possible structural impairments as a result of milled or saw
cuts, etc. must be taken into account at the planning stage.
j) Horizontal holes (only possible on PBA 2)

Tools used:
Drill bit; d = 28 mm
Note:
Max. drill depth: 1500 mm;
Min. centre distance for adjacent horizontal holes: 50 mm (no
overlapping holes).
Horizontal holes are only possible on a panel longitudinal edge.
k) Free-form operations
Tools used:
Note:
160 mm
300 mm
Machining
04/2012
l) Blind holes/pockets
Tools used:
Note:
In principle, possible on the panel surface.
No sharp corners possible as the blind holes are made with
a finger-joint cutter.
m) VI ceiling joints
Tools used:
Manual chamfering plane
Note:
The edges of the VI ceiling joints are manually provided with a
2 x 2 mm chamfer on each visible side.
n) Special ceiling joints

Tools used:

Circular saw
Note:
This variant is sometimes used for ceiling joints with "flush
joists" with steel I-beams for visible ceiling elements.
Reference buildings
Reference buildings
JUNGLINSTER (LUXEMBOURG). Approx. 405 m of CLT
One-family house
04/2012
Reference buildings
ST. THOMAS/BLASENSTEIN (AUSTRIA). Approx. 110 m of CLT
One-family house
04/2012
Reference buildings
LONDON (UK). Approx. 1,300 m of CLT
Residential building
London (UK). Ca. 1.300 m CLT.
04/2012
Reference buildings
BELBACH (AUSTRIA). Approx. 163 m of CLT
Nursery
04/ 2012
Reference buildings
YBBS (AUSTRIA). Approx. 120 m of CLT
Primary school
Ybbs (AT). Ca. 120 m CLT.
04/2012
Reference buildings
LINZ (AUSTRIA). Approx. 113 m of CLT
Special needs school
04/2012
Notes
Notes
CLT CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER
04/2012
Notes
04/2012
Notes
04/2012

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Stora Enso 2012 / All rights reserved

Bonded, cross-laminated single-layer panels

5.0 kN/m in accordance with DIN 1055-1:2002, for structural analyses;

Timber components apart from floors Euroclass D-s2, d0

Water vapour diffusion

According to the SP Technical Research Institute of Swedens expert opinion of 10.07.2009

Specific heat capacity cp

According to EN 12524 1600 j/(kgK)

According to EN 1995-1-1, can be used in service classes 1 and 2

CLT STANDARD DESIGNS

* Cover layers consisting of 2 lengthwise layers

245 cm, 275 cm, 295 cm

Surface quality appearance grade/Product characteristics

occasional open joints up to occasional open joints up to occasional open joints up to

occasional small holes

max. 10% of surface rough

Quality of surface finish

occasional small faults

Quality of narrow side

occasional small faults

Timber species mixture

IVI Industrial Visible

NVI Non-Visible quality

Stora Enso offers three different CLT single-layer panel qualities:

NVI (Non-visible quality)

NVI (Non-visible quality)

INV quality description

NVI (Non-visible quality)

NVI (Non-visible quality)

NVI (Non-visible quality)

BVI quality description

NVI (Non-visible quality)

IBI quality description

IVI (Industrial visible quality)

IVI quality description

NVI (Non-visible quality)

IVI (Industrial visible quality)

National technical approval (DIBt)

European Technical Approval (ETA)

Use appropriate hoisting and rigging gear for the product.

Swelling and shrinkage processes

Swelling (undulating surface):

The information below provides an example of Stora Ensos construction proposals

1 Base and wall anchoring

The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural

1.2 Base with sill plate

CLT wall board

The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural

1.3 Base with raised sill plate

CLT wall board

The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural

1.4 Concrete base (mortar bed)

CLT wall board

The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural

1.5 Concrete base (sill plate)

CLT wall board

The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural

CLT wall board

CLT wall board

vertical wall joint

3. If alternatives 1 and 2 cannot be used, the boards

horizontal wall joint

2.1 Corner joint

3. If alternatives 1 and 2 cannot be used, the boards