Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Instructions:
-
*** use a maximum of two significant figures after the decimal point ****
Formula Sheet
()
=
()
()
=
() =
(Accumulation in the system) = (IN) (OUT) + (Generated in the system) (Consumed in the system)
Product soln.
A: [10%])
NaCl
H2O
Cl2,(g)
H2,(g)
Solution Problem 1:
30 %wt NaCl
Mixer
NaOH, NaCl,
6
H2O
Electrolysis
5000 kg/h
Evaporator
NaOH 50%
NaCl 7%
H2O
H2O 43%
B: [10%])
=
where,
Thus,
C: [20%])
NaCl fractional conversion:
Thus,
=
)
D: [20%])
H2O overall process mass balance:
Note that:
and
Thus:
=
( )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1]
In addition to reaction [1], a secondary reaction takes also place in the same reactor:
C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
[2]
The product gas leaving the reactor has the following composition [in % kmol]: 40% C2H4O, 3%
CO2, 3% H2O (as steam), 10% C2H4 and the rest (to 100%) is air. The plant has a production
capacity of 105 kmol/year C2H4O. The air molar composition is: 21% O2 and 79% N2.
Perform the following assuming steady-state:
A) [10%] Perform a DOF (degree of freedom) analysis on the reactor and comment briefly
on your result.
B) [10%] Calculate the ethylene (C2H4) feed to the reactor expressed in [lb/h] necessary to
assure the plant production of ethylene oxide. The molar mass [kg/kmol]: C2H4O = 44,
C2H4 = 28.
C) [10%] Prove by calculation whether C2H4 or O2 is the limiting reactant in the reactor
D) [10%] Determine the selectivity and yield of C2H4O with respect to the limiting reactant.
Solution Problem 2:
Product gas
Reactor
C2H4
Air (21 % O2
+ 79% N2)
A: 10%)
DOF = Nvariables - Nequations
Nvariables: Stream components = 3 (inlet) + 6 (outlet) = 9
System variables = 2 (reactions)
Nvariables = 11
Nequations: Basis flow = 1 (C2H4O production rate)
Stream compositions = 4 (independent out compositions) + 1 (indep. composition air
in) + 1 (indep. composition air out) = 6
System specifications = 0
MBE = 6 (C2H4, oxygen, nitrogen, CO2, H2O, C2H4O)
Nequations = 13
DOF = 11 13 < 0 (overspecified: problem can be solved).
[A good question would be how can the outlet air composition remain the same when O 2 is consumed
whereas N2 is not consumed in the reactor? Because some of the N2 can be separated and purged from
the system, such that to maintain a constant air composition (i.e. O2 and N2 ratio). However, this long
story is not essential here because N2 is an inert species so it does not matter. You need to utilize the
specified air composition. Thats all. Originally, this was a reaction, separation and purge problem but I
simplified it for you guys to a reactor problem only, not to give you at this point a purge problem and to
shorten the calculations in the Midterm.]
B: 10%)
=
Need the two extents of reactions: use 2 key products for each reaction
=
; hence
balance)
where from the OUT stream composition observe that:
Further:
=
=
Thus:
=
=
=
; hence
C: 10%)
Limiting reactant: need the ratio
O2 mole balance:
Thus:
, where
reactor.
D: 10%)
Selectivity and Yield with respect to O2 which is the limiting reactant. Desired product: C2H4O
=
=
=
=
Note: the theoretical best selectivity with respect to O2 is, based on stoichiometry of reaction [1], = 1 /
0.5 = 2. In other words, without the secondary un-desired reaction in the system. Clearly, the practical
selectivity is lower than the theoretical.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verify calculations: Total Mass In = Total Mass Out; Note: N2 can be neglected from the reactor
because it is not reacting.
=(
6,304,200 = 6,304,200 100% mass balance closure!