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The six peace principles

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Genuine desire to make a lasting peace.

Commitment to peace agreements.
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agreement.
Not to put burdens on local people.
Strict adherence to existing laws.
Cooperation in democratic reform processes based on
the 2008 State Constitution, Our Three Main National
Causes, and the essence of democracy.

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18 Science News

30-11-2015

Blue skies spotted 100 light years away: Astronomers

discover Neptune-sized planet that looks similar to Earth
One hundred light years away,
a small exoplanet with Earth-like
skies is orbiting a red dwarf star.
The planet's blue skies were
spotted as it transited across its
parent star by analysed light scattered
by tiny particles in its atmosphere
- a technique known as Rayleigh
scattering.
While it may have blue skies,
astronomers say it's unlikely to
host life.
The Neptune-sized planet, called
GJ 3470b, has a scorching surface
temperature of about 3,300C
(6,000F).
Scientists say this is the smallest
planet on which they've seen Rayleigh
scattering the same effect that is
responsible for the blue sky on Earth.
Astronomers led by Diana Dragomir of the University of Chicago
picked up on a discovery by Las
Cumbres Observatory Global
Telescope Network (LCOGT).
Dr. Dragomir's team acquired
and combined transit data from all
of the LCOGT observatory sites in
Hawaii, Texas, Chile, Australia and
South Africa to confirm the results.
Once GJ 3470b was in the right
spot, researchers were able to gather
information about the spectrum
of its atmosphere by measuring

WHY DOES
THE SKY ON
EARTH LOOK
BLUE?

wavelengths and looked for Rayleigh

scattering.
The spectrum of any planet can tell
researchers the substances present,
which gives them clues about the
atmospheres composition.
In order to gather this information,
an infrared light is used on the
most brightest and exposed area
of the planet.
For the past few years, researchers
have been using this method to
study other small exoplanets, but
have not been able to determine

anything about the composition of

their atmospheres.
The majority of exoplanets with
well-understood atmospheres have
been hot Jupiters, around 10 times
the size of the Earth, but GJ 3470b
is only four times the size of Earth.
Unfortunately, blue skies does
not mean that the planet as an
atmosphere like ours.
The researchers however, do
admit that its possible the planet
has an atmosphere rich in molecules
such water and methane.

Scientists claim this is the first

clear detection of a spectroscopic
feature in the atmosphere of an
exoplanet that was found with small
telescopes.
Dr. Dragomir, who carried out
the project says that this detection
brings us closer to understanding
the nature of increasingly smaller
exoplanets through the use of a
novel approach which allows us to
probe the atmospheres of exoplanets
even if they are cloudy.
Mail Online

The blue color of the sky is due

to Rayleigh scattering. As light
moves through the atmosphere,
most of the longer wavelengths
pass straight through.
Little of the red, orange and
yellow light is affected by the air.
However, much of the shorter wavelength light is absorbed by the gas
molecules. The absorbed blue light is
then radiated in different directions.
It gets scattered all around the sky.
Whichever direction you look,
some of this scattered blue light
reaches you.
Since you see the blue light
from everywhere overhead, the sky
looks blue. As you look closer to
the horizon, the sky appears much
paler in color.
To reach you, the scattered blue
light must pass through more air.
Some of it gets scattered away
again in other directions. Less
blue light reaches your eyes.The
color of the sky near the horizon
appears paler or white.

Can YOU spot a liar? Take the test that reveals how
good you are at separating fact from fiction
Can you tell if someone is lying
straight to your face?
Researchers in Montreal say
most of us are fairly bad at this.
They claim the problem may, in
part, be the result of a socially
ingrained 'truth bias.'
For some people who have conditions like autism, or suffer from
diseases like Alzheimer's, separating
fact from fiction particularly tricky.
Now researchers have created a
series of videos that can test how
well someone can spot different
types of lies.
The videos can also be used to
help train people on the signs they
need to look out for when spotting
subtle lies in the form of sarcasm
or teasing.
The Relational Inference and
Social Communication (RISC)
inventory was developed by Kathrin
Rothermich of McGill's School of
Communication Disorders and her

30.11.2015(P-18)STZ.indd 1

colleague Marc Pell.

We tend to believe that people
tell the truth most of the time, says
Rothermich.
So sarcasm and white lies seem
to go against a basic understanding
of what 'should' be happening in
conversation.
This may be part of what makes
them so difficult to recognize for
some.
The study involved 926 short
videos, which feature scripted
scenes played out by four actors.
The study found that participants
were generally able to detect teasing,
or truthful interactions.
Sarcasm was more difficult for
men to detect, though sarcasm
between friends was found to be
more recognizable.
We discovered that the actors
found it hardest to perform the
scripts where they were being
asked to tease one another, says

Rothermich.
This may be because teasing
doesn't always fit easily or logically
into the conversation.
One of the things that some actors

did was to speak with exaggerated

or fake accents when they were
teasing, which is something that
other researchers have also reported.
Non-literal speech, like sarcasm

or a 'white lie,' may go against a

person's understanding of the way
a particular encounter is supposed
to happen.
Mail Online

11/29/2015 8:10:08 PM

14-9-2015
Local
News 19

30-11-2015

Daily traffic
death rate
is 8

Myanmars property market likely

to improve next year
Yangon November 29
The property sector of Myanmar
is more interesting than that of other
fellow countries in Asean Economic
Community (AEC) and its development
is likely to surpass that of Thailand,
said U Khin Maung Than, chairman
of Myanmar Real Estate Services
Association (MERSA).
Myanmar has become one of
the most interesting countries in the
world including Asean. Myanmars
real estate sector is very likely to
see better growth than Thailand,
he said.
So far, Myanmar is more than
90 percent ready to join the AEC,
the economic integration of Asean
countries, which is scheduled to
take effect next year. Real estate
agents said that Myanmars property
market has better chances to draw
foreign investment compared to
other fellow countries.
Regional real estate services
will come into Myanmar when AEC

A newly-built high-rise building in Myanmar.

is established, and Myanmar real
estate agents need to be prepared
for this, said U Aung Ko Ko Oo,
sales officer of House.Com, an
online real estate agent.

U Kyaw Tin, central committee

member of MERSA, suggested
local real estate agents partnering
with regional peers. Market experts
suggested that the new policies of

the new government which will

come to power next March will
have impact on countrys property
market.
AMM

Half of HIV patients in Myanmar do not

have access to ART: MSF
Yangon November 29
Only half of the estimated 210,000
people living with HIV in Myanmar
have access to ART (Antiretroviraltherapy), said Medicins Sans
Frontieres better known for its
acronym MSF.
The statement released by MSF
on November 27 said that the
number of HIV patients on longterm therapy has more than doubled

between 2011 and 2014.

MSF is currently treating some
35,000 patients across Myanmar
and almost half of all ART drugs
were provided in public sector by
the end of 2014, said the statement.
The statement suggests the
shifting of tasks to trained nurses
to take care of stable patients on
ART, which it said has been proved
to succeed in Taninthayi Region.

Myanmars success in starting

more people living with HIV
on treatment has brought new
challenges. But evidence shows
that involving nurses more in
treatment support makes better
use of Myanmars existing pool
of medicial skillsespecially at
township and peripheral level, said
Dr Marcelo Fernandez, Medical
Coordinator for MSF in Myanmar.

Myanmar, Thai to cooperate in

compiling the list of Myanmar
fishermen
Yangon November 29
Myanmar government is making cooperation
with Thai government on the compilation of
the list of Myanmar fishermen working on
Thai fishing boats, according to Ministry
of Labour, employment and social security.
Thailand has around 100,000 registered
fishing boats. It is difficult to estimate the
exact number of Myanmar fishermen working
on the fishing boats in Thailand as there are
many illegal fishing boats, the Migrant Worker
Rights Network (MWRN) says.
U Aung Kyaw, vice-president of the MWRN
said: The job nature between fishermen and
other workers are different. Fishermen have

30.11.2015(P-19)STZ.indd 1

to stay at sea for about five or six months

when go fishing. So we do not know what
kinds of problems they face on boats. We
have already given contact numbers to them
to inform the MWRN about any violations
through phone and internet.
Myanmar migrant workers and fishermen
usually face violations of labour rights,
salary problems, forced labour and torture,
according to Thailand-based Myanmar workers
organizations. The MWRN will step up its
efforts to disseminate knowledge on the labour
law with Myanmar fishermen in 22 provinces of Thailand the next year.
443

He added that involvement of

nurses is crucial for HIV treatment
to succeed on a larger scale.
MSF has been working in
Myanmar since 1992 and currently
runs medical projects in Rakhine,
Shan and Kachin states and
Taninthayi and Yangon regions. The
organization is one of the largest
providers of HIV/AIDS care in
Aung
Myanmar.

Yangon November 29
The average number of fatalities
resulting from traffic accidents
across the country is eight per day,
according to the traffic police.
U Soe Min, deputy police head
of Kyauktada Township Traffic
Police said: There is no murder
case every day. But there are eight
traffic deaths daily. Traffic police
alone cannot reduce rising traffic
accidents. Road users also have
responsibility to reduce traffic
accidents. There will be traffic
accidents as long as road users fail
to abide by traffic rules.
On September 7, 2015, the new
auto mobile law was passed with the
Union Parliament Law No.55. Traffic
police are educating people about
the enforcement of law. Actions will
be taken against rule breakers only
when people understand this law
thoroughly. Currently, undisciplined
vehicles will face a fine of not more
than Ks 30,000.
A driver said: People put blame
only on drivers in any accidents.
Some accidents are due to drivers
while some cases are due to careless
road users and slow-moving vehicles.
So, the traffic police should take
actions against them in addition to
drivers. If not, there will be traffic
accidents.
In an attempt to reduce traffic
accidents, the traffic police is
educating slow-moving vehicles
drivers, taxi drivers and drivers
and bus conductors under the All
Bus Lines Supervisory Committee,
about the traffic rules.
Chan Chan Ko

Cotton growers face losses

Yangon November 29
Cotton growers said they face losses
due to a decline in cotton prices. Ministry
of Commerce has granted licenses for
export of cotton and cotton products.
Local exporters are exploring international
market to export cottons. Cottons (Right)
are mainly grown in Magway, Sagaing,
Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw. Cottons and
cotton products are being sold for local
consumption and exported to China viaMuse
Border Trade camp in Shan State (North).
Cottons are usually grown in monsoon
season. Many acres of cotton plants ruined
due to low rains in the late rainy season.
Cotton price per viss has declined to Ks
900 this year from Ks 1400 in 2014.
The authority has granted three-month
license for cotton export. If exporters could

not export cottons within three months,

they can extend their license term. The
agricultural cost for one acre of cotton is
about Ks 250,000. And per acre yield is
about 500-750 visses. Cotton harvest season
is November and February. The commerce
ministry will relax export rules for other
goods occasionally, based on the conditions
such as local production rate and consumption,
local demands and foreign market.
Zar Nyi Thitsar

11/29/2015 8:11:16 PM

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11/29/2015 11:14:09 PM

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30-11-2015

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