2.

Math
2.1 Short and long method or expanded form in subtraction
2.2 Subtraction of 2 to 3 digit numbers from minuends through 999 without
regrouping
2.3 Problem solving
2.1

Short and long method or expanded form in subtraction

Source: Lecture Notebook
Source:
A.

Integrative Mathematics

Short Method
Find the difference of 768 and 56.
Write the numbers in columns
First, subtract the ones.
Next, subtract the tens.
-56
Then bring down 7 since
712
there is no hundreds digit in the subtrahend

768

TEST. Find the difference using the short method

1.

549
-- 15

2.

687
-- 45

3.

895
-- 361

4.

988
-- 421

5.

574
-- 44

6.

786
-- 34

7.

733
-- 621

8.

869
-- 333

9.

527
-- 126

More problems on pp. 152-154; 163-164

B.

Long Method (or Expanded Form)

Find the difference of 768 and 56.
768 = 700 + 60 + 8
Write 768 in expanded form.
-- 56 =
50 + 6 Write 56 in expanded form.
= 700 + 10 + 2
Subtract starting from the ones and then

tens place.

There is no hundreds digit in the subtrahend

so bring down 700.
= 712

Get the value of 700 + 10 +2

Find the difference of 574 and 64.

574 = 500 + 70 + 4
-- 64 =
60 + 4
= 500 + 10 + 0 = 510
TEST. Write each number in expanded form then subtract.
1.

3.

135 =
-14 =

2.

539 =
-- 324 =

4.

NOTE:

468 =
-- 35 =

877 =
-- 260 =

WITH REGROUPING

Find the difference of 23 and 8.

23 = 20 + 3 = 10 + 13
-- 8 =
8=
8
= 10 + 5
= 15
52 = 50 + 2 = 40 + 12
-- 25 = 20 + 5 = 20 + 5
= 20 + 7
= 27
TEST:
1.

81 =
-46 =

MORE on p.158

2.

462 =
-- 38 =

2.2
Subtraction of 2 to 3 digit numbers from minuends through 999
without regrouping
Source: Integrative Mathematics
Subtract 19 from 277
277 = 200 + 70 + 7

We cannot subtract 9 from 7 so we need to

borrow 1 ten
-- 19 =

10 + 9 from 70.

277 = 200 + 60 + 17
We can now subtract 9 from 17.
-- 19 =
10 + 9
= 200 + 50 + 8
= 258
Sometimes, we have to regroup in tens, too. For example, 516 - 286
564 = 500 + 60 + 4
-- 286 = 200 + 80 + 6
564 = 500 + 50 + 14
-- 286 = 200 + 80 + 6
=
8
564 = 400 + 150 + 14
-- 286 = 200 + 80 + 6
= 200 + 70 + 8
= 278
TESTS:
1.

415 =
-26 =

2.
--

935 =
619 =

--

946 =
667 =

3.

4.

813 =

--

2.3

544 =

Problem Solving
SOURCE: Integrative Mathematics
Example:
A dolphin is 9 feet long while a whale is 21 feet long. How much longer
is a whale than a dolphin?
1. What does the problem ask for?
Ans: How much longer is a whale than a dolphin?
2. What facts are given in the problem?
Ans.: A dolphin is 9 feet long; a whale is 21 feet.
3. What operation shall be used to answer the problem?
Ans.: Subtraction
4. What is the number sentence?
Ans.: 21 9 = N
5. What is the answer?
Ans.: The whale is 12 feet longer than the dolphin.
21 9 = 12
TEST:

1. Cora has 60 centavos. She wants to buy a chocolate bar costing 75

centavos. How much more does she need to buy the chocolate bar?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
2. Carding brought 658 eggs to the market. He was able to sell 487 eggs.
How many eggs did he have left?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________

c. What operation shall be used?

________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
3. Nancy went to the store with P50. She bought a pen for 14 pesos. How
much did she have left?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
4. There are 822 mangoes in a kaing. If 218 mangoes are ripe, how many are
not ripe?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
5. There are 752 pupils in Grades One and Two classes. There are 395 boys.
How many are girls?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________

Mathematics
A. Write the letter of the correct answer. Put the answer on the blank before each
number.
__________ 1. The process of taking away is called _____________.
a. addition
b. plus
c. subtraction
__________2. The symbol for subtraction is ___________.
a.
b. +
c. >
__________3. The number we subtract is the ____________.
a. addend
b. minuend
c. subtrahend
___________4. In 8-2 = 6, 8 is called ___________.
a. difference
b. minuend
c. subtrahend
___________5. The answer in subtraction is called ____________.
a. difference
b. minuend
c. subtrahend
___________6. Which is NOT a subtraction sentence for 5 + 7 = 12?
a. 5 - 12 = 7
b. 12 - 5 = 7

c. 12 - 7 = 5
___________7. What is the subtraction sentence for the picture?
a. 8 3 = 5
b. 8 5 = 3
c. 8 + 3 = 11
___________ 8. What is 6 minus 4?
a. 2
b. 3

c. 4

___________9. What is missing in ____ + 8 = 18?

a. 1
b. 9

c. 10

__________10. What will you subtract from 10 to get 8?

a. 2
b. 4
c. 18
B.

Read the story and answer the questions that follow.

Jaime has 450 chickens. He has 80 more chickens than ducks.
1. How many ducks does he have? _____________________
2. How many ducks and chickens does he have in all? ___________________

C.

Subtract and solve. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.
2.

506
-79

a. 412

b. 427

c. 472

400
-- 309

a. 19

b. 90

c. 91

3.
--

5,432
976

a. 4,456

b. 4,564

c.

4,645
4.

3,985
-- 2,753

5.
--

5,302
641

a. 1,322
a. 4,166

b. 1,232
b. 4,616

4,661
D.

Subtract and expand. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.

525
-- 359

c. 1,223
c.

2.

a.

500 + 20 + 5 = 500 + 120 + 15

300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9

b.

500 + 20 + 5 = 400 + 120 + 5 = 400 + 110 + 15

300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9

c.

400 + 20 + 5 = 400 + 110 + 15 = 500 + 110 + 15

300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9

3,462
-- 2,782

a.
3,000+400+60+2 = 2,000+1,400+60+2 =
2,000+1,300+160+2
2,000+700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+
80+2
b.
3,000+400+60+2 = 2,900+1,400+60+2 =
2,900+1,300+160+2
2,000+700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+
80+2
c.
3,000+400+60+2 = 2,000+1,400+80+2 =
2,000+1,300+180+2
2,000+700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+
80+2
E.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer and write the missing number in the
blank.
1.
If 10 3 = 7, then 10 7 = ______
a. 3
b. 2
c. 10
2.
3.
4.
F.

If 34 9 = 25, then 34 25 = _______

a. 19
b. 9

c. 20

If 18 2 = 16, then _____ - 2 = 16

a. 19
b. 18

c. 17

If 9 7 = 2, then ___ - 7 = 2
a. 9
b. 10

c. 8

Problem Solving. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

A fruit store had 523 bananas. 479 bananas were sold. How many
bananas were left?
1. What is asked in the problem?
a. How many fruits were left?
b. How many bananas were left?
c. How many fruit store were left?
2. What facts are given?
a. 532 bananas in the fruit store and 479 bananas were sold
b. 523 bananas in the fruit store and 479 bananas were sold
c. 523 bananas in the fruit store and 497 bananas were sold
3. What operation will be used?
a. Addition
b. Multiplication
c. Subtraction
4. What is the number sentence?
a. 534 479 = N
b. 523 479 = N
c. 532 479 = N
5. What is the answer?
a. 44 bananas were left
b. 45 bananas were left
c. 43 bananas were left
A music store has 957 tapes to sell. 710 were sold. How many tapes
were left?
1. What is asked in the problem?
a. How many types were left?
b. How many tapes were left?
c. How many typess were left?
2. What facts are given?
a. 957 tapes to sell and 710 tapes were sold
b. 975 tapes to sell and 701 tapes were sold
c. 957 tapes to sell and 701 tapes were sold
3. What operation you will use?
a. Addition
b. Multiplication
c. Subtraction
4. What is the number sentence?
a. 975 701 = N
b. 957 710 = N
c. 975 701 = N
5. What is the answer?
a. 274 tapes were left
b. 247 tapes were left
c. 277 tapes were left
There are 495 different flowers at Mylas flower shop. In the afternoon, only
167 flowers were left. How many flowers were sold?
1. What is asked in the problem?
a. How many flowers were sold?
b. How many Mylas sold?

c. How many flowers were left?

2. What facts are given?
a. 459 of different flowers and 167 flowers were left
b. 495 of different flowers and 167 flowers were left
c. 495 of different flowers and 176 flowers were left
3. What operation you will use?
a. Addition
b. Multiplication
c. Subtraction
4. What is the number sentence?
a. 459 167 = N
b. 495 167 = N
c. 495 176 = N
5. What is the answer?
a. 388 flowers were sold
b. 382 flowers were sold
c. 328 flowers were sold
Fill in the blank with correct answers.
1. 17 9 = ____
2. 9 + ___ = 17
Find the difference of the following numbers.
1.

32
-- 8

2.

24
-9

3.

14
-- 7

Subtract the given numbers using the expanded form.

1.

73
-- 7

2.

62
-- 5

3.

91
-- 9

4.

67
-- 8

5.

73

4.

31
-- 9

5. 55
-- 6

-- 7
VIP
Subtract and check each answer
1.

406
-- 38

2.

500
-- 106

3.

5,432
-768

4.

4,786

5. 5,302
-- 3,242

-- 487
Check:
Check:

Check:
Check:

Check:

Subtract and expand your answer

1.

425 =
-- 278 =

2.

724 =
-- 53 =

3.

804 =
-- 143 =

4.

369 =
-- 179 =

5.

627 =
-- 349 =

Problem solving. Read and solve the problem. Solve your answer in your scratch
paper.

1. A fruit store had 402 bananas. 235 bananas were sold. How many bananas were
left?
a. What is asked in the problem?
___________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
c. What operation you will use? _______________________________________
d. What is the number sentence? ______________________________________
e. What is the answer? ______________________________________________________
2. A music store has 9,507 tapes to sell. 988 were sold. How many tapes were left?
a. What is asked in the problem?
___________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
c. What operation you will use? _______________________________________
d. What is the number sentence? ______________________________________
e. What is the answer? ______________________________________________________
Sam and James picked 810 ripe mangoes. They sold 300 mangoes in the market.
How many mangoes were left?
1. What is asked in the problem?
a. How many mangoes were left?
b. How many mangoes were given?
c. How many mangoes are there in all?
2. What are given?
a. 801 and 300 mangoes
b. 108 and 300 mangoes
c. 810 and 300 mangoes
3. Which is the word clue?
a. in all

b. left

4. What is the number sentence?

a. 810 + 300 = N
b. 810 300 = N

c. many
c. 810 x 300 = N

5. What is the complete answer?

a. 105 mangoes
b. 1,110 mangoes c. 510 mangoes
Subtract and expand. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.

2.

725
-- 359
a.

700 + 20 + 5 = 700 + 120 + 15

300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9

b.

600 + 20 + 5 = 600 + 110 + 15 = 500 + 110 + 15

300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9

c.

700 + 20 + 5 = 600 + 120 + 5 = 600 + 110 + 15

300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9 = 300 + 50 + 9

8,433
-- 4,782

a.
8,000+400+30+3 = 7,000+1,400+30+3 =
6,000+1,500+130+3
4,000+700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+
80+2
b.
8,000+400+30+3 = 7,000+1,400+30+3 =
7,000+1,300+130+3
4,000+700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+
80+2
c.
8,000+400+30+3 = 7,000+1,400+30+3 =
7,000+1,400+130+3
4,000+700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+
80+2
3.
935
-- 787

4.

a.

900 + 30 + 5 = 800 + 230 + 15 = 800 + 220 + 15

700 + 80 + 7 = 700 + 80 + 79 = 700 + 80 + 7

b.

900 + 30 + 5 = 800 + 130 + 5 = 800 + 120 + 15

700 + 80 + 7 = 700 + 80 + 7 = 700 + 80 + 7

c.

900 + 30 + 5 = 900 + 130 + 5 = 900 + 120 + 15

700 + 80 + 7 = 700 + 80 + 7 = 700 + 80 + 7

5,533
-- 4,782

a.
5,000+500+30+3 = 4,000+1,500+30+3 =
5,000+1,400+130+3
4,000+700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+
80+2

b.
5,000+500+30+3 = 5,000+1,500+30+3 =
5,000+1,400+130+3
4,000+700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+
80+2
c.
5,000+500+30+3 = 4,000+1,500+30+3 =
4,000+1,400+130+3
4,000+700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+80+2 = 4,000+ 700+
80+2
5.

3,462
-- 2,782

a.
3,000+400+60+2 = 2,000+1,400+60+2 =
2,000+1,300+160+2
2,000+700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+
80+2
b.
3,000+400+60+2 = 2,900+1,400+60+2 =
2,900+1,300+160+2
2,000+700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+
80+2
c.
3,000+400+60+2 = 2,000+1,400+80+2 =
2,000+1,300+180+2
2,000+700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+80+2 = 2,000+ 700+
80+2
Find the difference using the short method
1.

549
-- 15

2.

687
-- 45

3.

895
-- 361

4.

988
-- 421

5.

574
-- 44

6.

786
-- 34

7.

733
-- 621

8.

869
-- 333

9.

527
-- 126

Find the difference using the long method (or Expanded Form)
1.

135 =

2.

468 =

--

3.

5.

7.

14 =

-- 35 =

539 =
-- 324 =

4.

81 =
-46 =

6.

877 =
-- 260 =

462 =
-- 38 =

415 =
-26 =

8.
--

935 =
619 =

--

946 =
667 =

--

813 =
544 =

9.

10.

Problem Solving
1. Cora has 60 centavos. She wants to buy a chocolate bar costing 75
centavos. How much more does she need to buy the chocolate bar?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
2. Carding brought 658 eggs to the market. He was able to sell 487 eggs.
How many eggs did he have left?
a. What is asked?

_____________________________________________________

b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________

c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
3. Nancy went to the store with P50. She bought a pen for 14 pesos. How
much did she have left?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
4. There are 822 mangoes in a kaing. If 218 mangoes are ripe, how many are
not ripe?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________
5. There are 752 pupils in Grades One and Two classes. There are 395 boys.
How many are girls?
a. What is asked? _____________________________________________________
b. What facts are given?_____________________________________________________
c. What operation shall be used?
________________________________________
d. What is the number sentence?
________________________________________
e. What is the answer?
________________________________________