HMT ASSIGNMENT (by Akshay Malik)

(2K12/ME/024)
Ques 1: A steel ball [c=0.46 kJ/kg C, k =35 W/mC] 5.0 cm in diameter and initially at a
uniform temperature of 450C is suddenly placed in a controlled environment in which the
temperature is maintained at 100C. The convection heat-transfer coefficient is 10 W/m2 C.
Calculate the time required for the ball to attain a temperature of 150C.
Solution
We anticipate that the lumped-capacity method will apply because of the low value of h and high
value of k. We can check by using Equation (4-6):
h(V/A)/k = (10)[(4/3)(0.025)3]/4(0.025)2*(35)
=0.0023<0.1
T = 150C
=7800 kg/m3
T = 100C h=10 W/m2 C
T0 = 450C
c=460 J/kg C
hA/cV = (10)4(0.025)2/(7800)(460)(4/3)(0.025)3
=3.344104 s1
T T/T0 T= e[hA/cV ]
150100/450100= e3.344104
= 5819 s=1.62 h
Ques 2: An instantaneous laser pulse of 10 MJ/m2 is imposed on a slab of stainless steel having
properties of =7800 kg/m3, c=460 J/kg C, and =0.44105 m2/s. The slab is initially at a
uniform temperature of 40 C. Estimate the temperature at the surface and at a depth of 2.0 mm
after a time of 2 s.
Solution
We have Q0/A=107 J/m2 and at x=0
T0 Ti = Q0/Ac()1.2
= 107/(7800)(460)[(0.4410-5)(2)]0.5 =530C
and
T0 = 40+530=570C
At x = 2.0mm=0.002m,
T Ti =(530)exp[(0.002)2/(4)(0.4410-5)(2)]=473C
and
T =40+473=513C

Ques 3: A large slab of aluminum at a uniform temperature of 200C suddenly has its surface
temperature lowered to 70C. What is the total heat removed from the slab per unit surface area
when the temperature at a depth 4.0 cm has dropped to 120C?
Solution
=8.410-5 m2/s k =215W/mC
We also have
Ti =200C T0 =70C T(x, )=120C
(12070)/(20070) = erf x/2(0.5) = 0.3847
We know that,
x/2()0.5 = 0.3553
and
= (0.04)2/(4)(0.3553)2(8.410-5) = 37.72 s
The total heat removed at the surface is obtained by integrating
Q0/A=2k(T0 Ti)(/)0.5 = 21.13106 J/m2
Ques 4: A long aluminum cylinder 5.0 cm in diameter and initially at 200C is suddenly exposed
to a convection environment at 70C and h=525 W/m2 C. Calculate the temperature at a radius
of 1.25 cm and the heat lost per unit length 1 min after the cylinder is exposed to the
environment.
Solution
We have
i =Ti T = 20070=130
=8.410-5 m2/s
r0 = 2.5 cm
=1 min=60 s
k =215 W/mC
h=525 W/m2C
r =1.25 cm
= 2700 kg/m3
c=0.9 kJ/kg C
We compute
/r20 = (8.4105)(60)/(0.025)2 = 8.064
k/hr0 = 215/(525)(0.025) =16.38
r/r0 = 1.25/2.5 = 0.5
We know that
0/i = 0.38
and from the chart at r/r0 =0.5
/0 = 0.98
so that
/i= (0/i)*( /0) = (0.38)(0.98) = 0.372
and
=T T =(0.372)(130)=48.4
T =70+48.4 = 118.4C
To compute the heat lost, we determine
h2/k2 = (525)2(8.4105)(60)/(215)2 = 0.03
hr0/k = (525)(0.025)/215 = 0.061

Then from chart

Q/Q0 = 0.65
For unit length
Q0/L = cr20i = (2700)(900)(0.025)2(130)=6.203*10 5 J/m
and the actual heat lost per unit length is
Q/L = (6.203105)(0.65)=4.032105 J/m
Ques 5: A short aluminum cylinder 5.0 cm in diameter and 10.0 cm long is initially at a uniform
temperature
of 200C. It is suddenly subjected to a convection environment at 70C, and h=525 W/m2 C.
Calculate the temperature at a radial position of 1.25 cm and a distance of 0.625 cm from one
end
of the cylinder 1 min after exposure to the environment.
Solution
L=5 cm
The x position is measured from the center of the plate so that
x=50.625=4.375 cm
x/L = 4.375/5 = 0.875
For aluminum
=8.410-5 m2/s

k =215 W/mC

so
k/hL = 215/(525)(0.05) = 8.19
/L2 = (8.4105)(60)/(0.05)2 = 2.016
From charts
0/i = 0.75
/0 = 0.95
so that
(/i )plate = (0.75)/(0.95) = 0.7125
For the cylinder r0 =2.5 cm
r/r0 = 1.25/2.5 = 0.5
k/hr0 = 215/(525)(0.025) = 16.38
/r20 = (8.410-5)(60)/(0.025)2 = 8.064
0/i = 0.38
/0 = 0.98
so that
(/i )cyl = (0.38)/(0.98) = 0.372
Combining the solutions for the plate and cylinder gives
(/i )short cylinder = (0.7125)/(0.3724) = 0.265

Thus
T = T +(0.265)(Ti T) = 70+(0.265)(20070)= 104.5C