Session 2 Introduction to Communication Science

Communication Field
and Models

Session 2 - Syllabus
Discussing field of communication study from early period
until today.
Discussing communication skills and disciplines related to
career options
1. Communication Field and Models
2. History of Communication : A Brief History of Communication
3. Chronology of Media Development
4. Early Communication Study
5. Rhetoric and Speech
6. Interdisciplinary Growth
7. Definition and Importance of Listening
8. Guidelines for Delivery
9. Practicing Your Presentation

After completing this lesson, you will

understand why
Communication is one of the oldest yet
newest disciplines.
Early Greeks saw communication theory and
practice as critical.
The popularity of communication is a mixed
blessing.
Communication is an activity, a social science,
a liberal art, and a profession.

Cave drawings were

murals that people
painted onto the walls
of caves and canyons
to tell the story of
their culture.

Drums were one

way to send signals
to neighboring
tribes and groups.

Smoke signals were

another way to send
messages to people who
were not close enough to
use words with

Printing Press

Johann
Gutenburg
invented an
actual printing
press.

Rome
developed
a printing
press in
1965.

POWER PRESS
1600S

The idea for the

electric telegraph
was thought of on
the ship Scully

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In 1837,
Samuel
Finley
invented
the
telegraph

Example
of Morse
Code

Alexander Graham
Bell invented the
telephone in
Boston, in 1876

Television
makes it
possible to
teach lessons
for kids

Konrad Zuse is popularly recognized

in Germany as the "father of
computer"

Programmable
automation system
build between 1936
and 1938

The ENIAC (the

Electronic
Numerical
Integrator and
Computer) was
built at the Moore
School of Electrical
Engineering of the
University of
Pennsylvania in
1943-1945

What will computers be like in the

future? They only thing we can be sure
of is that they will be smaller, faster,
more affordable, and will be able to
process and store more and more
information.

Seven Milestones in Human

Communication
Language
Writing
Printing
Telephone and Telegraph
Photography and Motion Pictures
Radio and Television
Computers and The Internet

Chronology of Media Development

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100
700
1445

The Chinese invent paper

Arab traders introduce paper to the West
Gutenberg invents movable type and
publishes the Gutenberg Bible (in 1455)
1641 First book published
1640s Diurnos, first daily newspapers, published
1731 First magazine published
1792 Telegraph
1835 Camera
1843 Facsimile
1876 Telephone
1895 Film
1905 Radio
1925 Television
1445 Gutenberg invents
movable type

Chronology of Media Development

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1951 Digital computers are developed

1956 Magnetic videotape
1965 Computers
1975 Videodisc
1978 VCR (Video Cassette Recorder)
1982 Audio Compact Disc
1985 CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)
1985 Digital video
1996 DVD-Video (Digital Versatile Disc)
1997 DVD-ROM (Read Only Memory, DVD-RAM)
Today: Digital electronic information delivery
is the standard for all media

essay
writing about 3000B.C offers advice
on How to speak Effectively

The beginning of systematic theory

development in communication can be traced
to the Greeks.

Lawsuits were common in Athens, and as result,

PUBLIC SPEAKING in legal context became a
preoccupation.

Rhetoric and Speech

1st theory of communication was developed in Greece

Corax and his student Illias:

- persuasion could be thought as an art
and provided encouragement for
instructors of what was called Rhetoric.
- develop the concept of message organization:
3 parts in corresponding introduction, body,
conclusion.

early NEWSpaper
Early newspaper were a mixture of newsletter,
proclamations, political information, and
describing various events like speech and
rhetoric.
The mid 1600s: modern form of newspaper.
1st paper published in US, Publick Occurences
Both Foreign and Domestick, appeared in
1690 (Boston).

 In the early 20h century, speech

became a discipline study (1910)

The practice of journalism also

help the growth of courses and
academic study of journalism and
media in universities

In the 1940-1950, the scope of field

communication broadened and extend
with other social science (politics,
sociology, psychology, anthropology)

Anthropology (non verbal & intercultural

communication), psychology
(persuasion, attitudes, social influence),
politics (rhetoric, propaganda),
language (semiotics, linguistic), art
(theater, performing arts)

 The field of communication

study start to expand and
specialized (1970-1980)
Interpersonal, group,
organizational, political,
international, intercultural,
public and mass
communication
And also distinct areas of
study such as public
relations, advertising,
journalism, marketing comm

 In the 1990s, we live in

information age, which
communication &
information technology play
an important role in our
society
News and converging
media were fundamental to
our lives and information
technology have its impact
on human behavior

Information Society

Screen-based
generation!

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Communication Skill

Communication Skills Overview

Effective communication skills
are a critical element in your
career and personal lives.
We all must use a variety of
communication techniques to
both understand and be
understood.
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Communication Goals
To change behavior

To get and give

Information

To persuade

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To get action

To ensure understanding

What will you learn in this

session?

Listening
Presenting

Why listening is very important in

communication process?
1) The most basic level, listening is just as important level
as speaking.
2) We spend more time listening than others.
3) Misunderstanding or misinterpretation of others words
greatly impact our communication.

Importance of Listening
1. We have the ability to listen to sounds
patterns and translate their meaning
into languages
2. Listening behaviors can also
determine social and professional
success.
3. Listening is an effective
communication tools in our life.
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Listening is actually a
complex process involving
four elements:
- Hearing
- Attention
- Understanding
- Remembering

Listening and Hearing Are Not

The Same Thing
Hearing is the process in which sound waves
strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that
are transmitted to the brain.
Listening occurs when the brain reconstructs
these electrochemical impulses into a
representation of the original sound and then
gives them meaning
Understanding Human Communication, Ronald B. Adler and George Rodman

Hearing

Attention

First element is hearing,

which is the automatic
physiological process of
receiving aural stimuli

Concentration as one of the most

important aspects of listening.
Concentration is really just
paying close attention

Remembering
Remembering is the storing of
information for later retrieval.
1. Short Term Memory
2. Long Term Memory

Understanding
Understanding refers to the
process whereby we assign
meaning to the words we hear
that closely corresponds to the
meaning intended by the
person sending the message

Types of Listening
These four are not the exclusive but merely
representative:

-Pleasurable Listening -Discriminative Listening

-Critical Listening

-Emphatic Listening

How to Improve Listening

1)Listen Effectively
2) Pay Attention
3) Listen for Main Points or Ideas
4) Use Your Spare Time
5) Aerobic Listening

Presenting
or
Delivering

Guidelines for Delivery

Visual Aspects of Delivery:

Appearance
Movement
Posture
Facial
Expression
Eye Contact

Guidelines for Delivery

Guidelines for Delivery

Auditory Aspects of Delivery:

Volume
Rate
Pitch
Articulation

Practicing Your Presentation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Simulate the presentation setting

Practice aloud
Practice standing up
Time your presentation
Memorize your sentences
Watch yourself in a mirror

Any Question?