ECOLOGY

Pascual, Khristine Lerie D.

Perez, Rachelle
De la Rosa, Angel Ann
Bugarin, John Gabrielle
Aberilla, Patrisha Ann
Mateo, Annavale

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere
warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be in the absence of its
atmosphere. If a planet's atmosphere contains radiative active gases (i.e., greenhouse gases) the
atmosphere radiates energy in all directions. Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface,
warming it.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of a climate lasting for
an extended period of time. In other words, climate change includes major changes in
temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur several decades or
longer.
DEFORESTATION
Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the
land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of
forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Tropical rainforests is where the most concentrated
deforestation occurs. Almost 30% of the world is covered by forests, excluding water mass.
MELTING OF ICE CAPS
A website dedicated to global warming and other environmental issues says the polar ice
caps are melting because of the release of methane gas, which is a warming gas, and the slowing
of the Atlantic Conveyor that brings warm water from the Gulf Stream to the North Atlantic.
While some scientists offer that certain areas in Greenland and Antarctica are abundant
with ice caps due to increase snowfall, they are still melting at an alarming rate. Most global
warming experts say that during the latter part of the twenty-first century, the melting will speed
up due to the greenhouse effect. In addition, all this melting ice is filling our oceans at an
alarming rate, which could cause tropical storms, flooding and hurricanes during storm seasons,
especially in coastal regions.
AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful
materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing diseases, death to humans, damage to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops, or the natural or built environment. Air pollution may
come from anthropogenic or natural sources. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, and
pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air

pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog. Some air pollutants are
poisonous.
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF EARTHS RESOURCES
The exploitation of natural resources is the use of natural resources for economic,
sometimes with a negative connotation of accompanying environmental degradation. It started to
emerge on an industrial scale in the 19th century as the extraction and processing of raw
materials (such as in mining, steam power, and machinery) developed much further than it had in
preindustrial eras. During the 20th century, energy consumption rapidly increased.
FOOD & WATER SHORTAGE
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands
of water usage within a region. It already affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people
around the world at least one month out of every year. More than 1.2 billion people lack access
to clean drinking water. A shortage of food may happen when not enough food is produced, such
as when crops fail due to drought, pests, or too much moisture. But the problem can also result
from the uneven distribution of natural resource endowment for a country, and by human
institutions, such as government and public policy.
FAMINE
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including crop
failure, population imbalance, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied
or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Nearly every
continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. Some countries,
particularly in sub-Sahara Africa, continue to have extreme cases of famine.
ANIMAL EXTINCTION
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms
(taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of
the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost
before this point. A species is extinct when the last existing member dies. Extinction therefore
becomes a certainty when there are no surviving individuals that can reproduce and create a new
generation. A species may become functionally extinct when only a handful of individuals
survive, which cannot reproduce due to poor health, age, sparse distribution over a large range, a
lack of individuals of both sexes (in sexually reproducing species), or other reasons.
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS

Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse or animal neglect, is the human infliction of
suffering or harm upon any non-human animal, for purposes other than self-defense or survival.
More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific gain, such as killing
animals for food or for their fur; opinions differ about the extent of cruelty associated with a
given method of slaughter. Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or
suffering for personal amusement, as in zoo sadism. Laws concerning animal cruelty are
designed to prevent needless cruelty. Divergent approaches to such laws occur in different
jurisdictions throughout the world. For example, some laws govern methods of killing animals
for food, clothing, or other products, and other laws concern the keeping of animals for
entertainment, education, research, or as pets.
Facts
1

Puppy mills are large-scale commercial dog breeding operations that put greater priority
on profits than the health of the puppies. Many dogs are plagued with illnesses like
kidney or heart disease as a result of the conditions theyre kept in.

Thousands of greyhounds die each yearsome in the name of selective breeding

before they ever touch a racetrack. Many dogs do not make it to the nominal retirement
age of 4 or 5.

Due to genetic manipulation, 90% of broiler chickens (chicken bred specifically for meat
production) have trouble walking. Encourage your school cafeteria to go meatless on
Mondays to protest. Sign up for Meatless Mondays.

Dogfighting became prevalent in the US after the Civil War, with professional pits
proliferating in the 1860s. And was a source of entertainment for police officers and
firemen.

Today dogfighting has been reported in urban, suburban, and rural settings in all regions
of the country.

More than 50% the fur in the US comes from China, where millions of dogs and cats are
often bled to death and skinned alive for their fur. Chinese fur is often mislabeled, so if
you wear any fur, theres no sure way of knowing whose skin youre in.

Its been estimated that there are 900 to 2,000 new cases every year of animal hoarding in
the US, with 250,000 animals falling victim.

Over 115 million animals mice, rats, dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, birds, among others
are killed in laboratory experiments worldwide for chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics
testing every year.

Every major circus that uses animals has been cited for violating the minimal standards of
care set by the United States Animal Welfare (AWA).

10 Most rodeo events rely on creating a stressful environment for the domesticated and often
docile animals involved. Participants rely on harsh handling practices (i.e. twisting
calves tails or painful electric shocks) to make animals perform.
11 The exotic pet trade is a multi-billion dollar industry in the US and while some wild pets
are bred in captivity, many are taken from their native habitats. The stress of being
violently removed from their homes causes a number to die prematurely.