Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2015-09-14
Class Format
o Single topic per lecture
o Often uses Kinaesthetic Learning
Learning by doing
Ex. Demos, live exercises
o The 3-minute rule
Course book
o Introduction to Computer Science Python
Assessment
o 4 quizes, every other week in Lab
30-45 min each
Will focus on core topics covered in previous classes
o 5 assignments
What
o
o
o
o
Phase 2 Explain it to a computer
An Algorithm is
o A finite number of clearly described, unambiguous doable
steps
o They can be systematically followed to produce a desired
result for given input.
o The Word algorithm is derived from the 9th century Arab
mathematician, AL-Khwarizmi who worked
o Clock rate!
Frequency at which a central processing unit (CPU) runs
o This is for only one Core
Phase 3 The Solution
What defines a solution
Are there multiple solutions
How do we find the best of these solutions
What if there is no solution
Recap
Computer Science is about solving Computational problems
Programming is only one part of it
We ordered instructions in an algorithm
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Code.org
Computer Hardware
The importance of a universal language
ASC11
Binary
Programing languages
Universal Computing Device
All computers can compute the exact same thing
o Given enough time and storage
We needed
A simple language
One realistic hardware implementation
All we have is electricity
Having n binary digits
We can represent
(2^n) 1
Information Theory
Binary digits
With 8 bits
0000 0000
0000 0001
1000 0001
1111 1111
0
1
129
255
Binary conversions
Learn how to convert binary to decimal
Learn how to convert decimal to binary
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Quiz Next Tuesday
Includes Everything
Except:
o Jokes
o Details of Non Neumann Architecture
Binary Digits = Bits
Always start counting from zero 0
o Dont want to waste any space
Bits and Bytes
Converting Decimal to binary
o Successive division of the number by 2, then padding with
zeros from the left
o 99/2 = 49, with remainder 1
o 49/2 = 24, with remainder 1
o 24/2 = 12, with remainder 0
ASCII Table
o Assigned each binary number to a symbol or letter
o Was a translation table
o Screen
o Printer
o Speakers
o Network
Storage
o Hard disk
o Flash drives
o Dvds/cds
CPU
o Processors
o RAM
o ROM
o Cache
Decimal digitalization
o In electronic copmputing, values are represented by dicrete
voltage levels
Hexadecimal Numbers:
A base 16 system with 16 digits
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
For Example:
o r=16, a hex number: (B65) base 16 =
o B=11x16^3
o 6=6x6^2
o 5=5x16^1
Conversions
WE can convert from binary or hex to decimal
How to
Can computers handle any number
Boolean Logic
Created by George Boole (1815 1864)
1847 Boolean Algebra
Boolean algebra deals with TRUE or FALSE
Just like elementary Algebra deals with decimals
Boolean Algebra operates:
o AND OR NOT
Elementary Algebra
o +, -, /, x
IEEE standard
Logic gates have been used for decades
We often need to represent complex relations between many gates
So, wed better draw them
Standard created in 1991
NOR gate
Only true if neither A nor B are ture
o Both A and B are false
o
AB
00
out
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