Soran University

Fculty of Engineering
Dpartment petroleum
engineering

Roller cone bit

Prepared by:Sairan Abdulaziz Mhammad

Supervisor:T.jagar

Table of Contents
Table of figure:...................................................................................2
1. Abstract.........................................................................................3
2.Introduction:....................................................................................4
3.History:............................................................................................6
4. Roller cone bit classification:.........................................................7
4.1-IADC Classification:...................................................................8
5.Bearing system of roller cone bit:...................................................9
5.1-Roller-bearing systems:...............................................................9
5.2-Journal-bearing systems............................................................10
Seal systems:...................................................................................12
6.Roller cone bit design:..................................................................14
6.1-Roller cone bit design goals....................................................15
7. Method for simulating drilling of roller cone bits and its application
to roller cone bit design and performance :.....................................16
8.Roller cone bit with positive and negative offset and smooth
running configuration:......................................................................17
9. Factors Affecting Torque for a Roller Cone Bit:.............................18
10.Conclusion:.................................................................................19
11.references:..................................................................................20

:Table of figure

Roller cone-1
bit
6
Typical roller-bearing -2
arrangement
.11
Comparison of journal- and roller-bearing -3
arrangements.12
Exploded view of seal and bearing -4
components13
Typical roller-cone bit lubricant reservoir -5
system.16

Abstract .1
A roller cone bit is described. The roller cone bit includes a body
having concave sides. Legs are attached or integral to the body.

Roller cones are rotatable engaged to the legs. The concave sides
are positioned adjacent the legs. A nozzle is positioned in an
approximately central portion of the body. Also have three part also
.roller cone bit classified depend on TCL, Mille-tooth bits
Bearing system also apart on a roller cone bit and is designed in
conditions when the cutting structure of the bit is worn out , also
roller cone bit designed due to various varies of roller cone bits and
.specific formation and particular environment
Simulating performance to of roller cone bit to design it and to
optimize the drilling performance of it and to represent drilling ,so
torque need to be rotate the roller cone bit for many reason like the
.condition of bit and the formation being drilled

:Introduction .2
Roller cone bit is a tool which miner is used for drilling the earth at
the time of mining operation .Drilling fluids are blown up via roller
cone bit to flush out drill cutting. The roller cone bits contain roller
cones that are rotatable connected to the bit through a bearing
system .roller cones rotate as the roller cone bit bores in to the
.earth.

(Skaggs, 2013)

there are three main parts for roller cone bit: the cones, the
bearings and the body of the bit, each cone has concentric rows of
teeth the cones are fit with the row teeth in the adjacent cones .the
size and thickness of the component parts of the bit deposit
formation to be drilled. Bits for soft formations require little
weight[5]
There are usually three steel cones for Roller cone bit, with small
and sharp steel teeth, as the bit rotates blunt tungsten-carbine
inserts that cut and grind, there is no owning motor to start the
roller cone bit but are instead turned by rotary system above. [4]

Fig.1-roller cone bit.(burintekh,2010)

As tools is designed to destroy the rock effectively while incurring

minimally a quantity is continue on the slushing surface.[7]

:History .3
Roller con bit has strongly been acquired for more than its 37 years'
experience of creating high quality rock destruction tools in the
USA in 2010 as it is a useful way for manufacturing facility, to
smoothly running and ultimately upgradable manufacturing
technologies, which generate API/ISO certified production for
.internal and external (continuing Russian) markets
Roller cone bit manufacturing has been organized in 2012 in Ufa
city. Huge work was done, up-to-date goods were purchased, and
specialists with wide skills in roller cone bit manufacturing were
organized who are regularly sent to USA for training and
qualification upgrade. American professionals permanently present
at manufacturing, control the quality of operations at each
production phase. There are a modernized research laboratory and
test-bench, which help to assist and develop quality of production.
[3]

:Roller cone bit classification .4

Roller-cone bits classification is generally based on:
1- Tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) bits
Or
2- Milled-tooth bits.
In order to help in comparison of similar products from variety of
manufacturers, the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)
was organized a unified bit classification system for the naming of drill bits.[2]

:IADC Classification -4.1

IADC code consists of four characters, indicating bit design and formation
type being drilled. First three characters are numerical, fourth one literal. The
numerical code characters sequence is determined as series-typebearing/gauge. Fourth literal code character defines additional features.
1) First code digitroller cone bit series (1-8):
Eight categories of roller cone bit series correspond to general characteristics
of rock formations being drilled. Series from 1 to 3 determine Steel Tooth bits,
and series from 4 to 8 Tungsten Carbide Tooth.
Increasing of inside group digits designates increasing of rock formation
hardness.
2) Second code digitroller cone bit type (1-4).:
Each series divided into 4 types according to rock formation hardness.
Type 1 corresponds to drill bits for the softest rock formations within the
series, and type 4 for the hardest ones.

3) Third code digit(1-7):

Characterize bearing type and gauge protection availability.
4) Fourth literate code characteradditional features: (unrequired). 16
letters are used to describe specific cutting structures, bearings, jets and
gauge protections of a bit. If bit has more than one additional feature the
only most significant one is to be indicated. [2]

:Bearing system of roller cone bit .5

Roller cone bearing systems are operations designed to be in satisfactory
condition when the cutting structure of the bit is worn out. In order to gain this

standard of bearing performance, there are also 1 million or more revolutions

of a bit without failure modern goals for seal and bearing system life, as
opposed to 300,000 or fewer in the recent past.
Roller-cone bits primarily use two types of bearings:
- Roller bearings
- Journal bearings, sometimes called friction bearings. [3]

:Roller-bearing systems-5.1
Common bit-bearing systems are called Roller bearings because
large loads can be dependably defended and generally performed
well in the drilling environment. The system is typically used on
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larger-diameter bits, which have more physical space to aid the

rollers. Leading manufacturers continually research bearing
materials, sizing, and shape is to enhance bearing life.[3]

Fig. 2Typical roller-bearing arrangement.[3]

5.2-Journal-bearing systems
Journal bearings are based of at least one rotating surface separated
from the journal by a film of lubricant. The surfaces are specially

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designed thats why the film of lubricant separates them; were they
can touch; when the bearing components mate it would put out or
possibly fuse the system. Journal bearings are extremely efficient, as
long as satisfactory lubrication is provided and loading remains
within design limits.[3]

Fig. 3Comparison of journal- and roller-bearing arrangements [3]

Each type is normally composed of a number of separate

:components, including

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Primary bearings

Secondary bearings

Seal system

Features that resist thrust loading

Cone retention balls[3]

Fig. 4Exploded view of seal and bearing components.[3]

Seal systems:
Seal systems are generally classified as either static or dynamic.
Roller-cone bits use both classified parts of seals. Moving seals in
13

relationship to each other makes the Dynamic seals to involve

sealing across surfaces, as would be the case for a bearing seal.
Seal parts or surfaces that do not move in relationship to one
another during bit operation, like the seal between a hydraulic
nozzle and a bit to prevent leakage around the joint, are static seals.
[3]

:Lubrication systems and lubricants

Lubricants play an important role in bearing performance. They supply

lubrication for both bearings and seals, and they also provide a medium for
heat transfer away from the bearings. To gain these functions, lubricants are
specially engineered and continually improved. Lubrication systems are

14

engineered to provide reserve storage, positive delivery to the bearing

system, capacity for thermal expansion, and pressure equalization with fluids
on the bit exterior.[3]

Fig. 5Typical roller-cone bit lubricant reservoir system.[3]

15

:Roller cone bit design .6

Wide varieties of roller cone bits are available. They provide optimum
performance in specific formations and/or particular drilling environments.
Modern drill bits incorporate significantly different cutting structures and use
vastly improved materials, resulting in improved bit efficiency. Manufacturers
work closely with drilling companies to collect information about their bits to
identify opportunities for design improvements.[2]

Roller cone bit design goals -6.1

Roller-cone bit design goals expect the bit to do the following:

Function at a low cost per foot drilled.

Have a long downhole life that minimizes requirements for tripping.

Provide stable and vibration-free operation at the intended rotational

speed and weight on bit (WOB).

Cut gauge accurately throughout the life of the bit.

To achieve these goals, bit designers consider several factors. Among these
are:

16

The formation and drilling environment.

Expected rotary speed.

Expected weight on bit (WOB).

Hydraulic arrangements.

Anticipated wear rates from abrasion and impact.

Design focal points include:

The bit body

Cone configurations

Cutting structures
Metallurgical, tribological, and hydraulic considerations in engineering bit
design solutions. [2]

17

Method for simulating drilling of roller .7

cone bits and its application to roller cone bit
design
: and performance

A method for simulating the drilling performance of a roller cone bit drilling an earth
formation may be used to generate a visual representation of drilling, to design roller
cone drill bits, and to optimize the drilling performance of a roller cone bit. The
method for generating a visual representation of a roller cone bit drilling earth
formations contains selecting bit design parameters, selecting drilling parameters, and
selecting an earth formation to be drilled. The method further includes calculating,
from the bit design parameters, drilling parameters and earth formation, parameters of
a crater formed when one of a plurality of cutting elements contacts the earth
formation. The method further includes calculating a bottom hole geometry, wherein
the crater is removed from a bottom hole surface. The method also includes
incrementally rotating the bit and repeating the calculating of crater parameters and
bottom hole geometry based on calculated roller cone rotation speed and geometrical
location with respect to rotation of said roller cone drill bit about its axis. The method
also includes converting the crater and bottom hole geometry parameters into
((a .Huang. et .a, Mar 29, 2005
18

8. Roller cone bit with positive and negative

offset and smooth running configuration:

An earth-boring bit has a bit body and at least a pair of cantilevered bearing shafts
depending downwardly and inwardly therefrom. A first cutter is mounted for rotation
on one of the bearing shafts and has a region of contact with the sidewall of the
borehole. A second cutter is mounted for rotation on another of the bearing shafts and
has a region of contact with the sidewall of the borehole that is non-opposite that of
the first cutter. Stabilization is provided by a stabilizer pad carried on the bit body and
.arranged to be opposite the contact regions of the first and second cutters
(Matthew R. Isbell.et.al, Dec 24, 1996)
.

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9. Factors Affecting Torque for a Roller Cone

Bit:
The torque required to rotate a roller cone bit is of interest for
several reasons. First, it may give information about the formation
being drilled and the condition of the bit. Second, bit torque exerts a
significant influence on the "bit walk" experienced in directional
wells. Finally, a prediction of bit torque may be useful in matching a
bit and mud motor for optimal performance. Previous work relating
to bit torque has been based either on a theoretical energy balance
at the bit or on an empirical correlation. The following discussion
points out the major problems with these techniques and presents
an alternative approach. (T.M. Warren, September 1984)

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:Conclusion .10

During this report I claim that the body of the roller cone bit have a
concave sides and roller is the best type of the bit because we can
.used in every formation
Roller cone bit have three cones and two cone but three cones are
better because it has more rate of penetration, better gauge hole
.and more oil is distributed
And I claim that the seal system that is a part of bearing system
classify as static and dynamic and roller use both of them ,also the
design of roller important and done for low coast and we can use
.WOB on it and so on

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:References .11
Scholar (2015) [online] -1
:Available
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Roller+Cone+bit&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5
Petrowiki.org (2015) [online] -2
:Available
http://petrowiki.org/Roller_cone_bit_components
Burintekh (2015)[online]-3
:Available
https://www.google.iq/search?
newwindow=1&site=&source=hp&q=burintekh.com&oq=burintekh.
com&gs_l=hp.3...11739.29561.0.30231.13.13.0.0.0.0.1329.3319.31j1j2j0j1.5.0....0...1c.1.64.hp..9.4.2950.teiTxOBrX4g
Temeer,c (2013),Fundamental of investing in oil and gas -4
22

Publisher: (Lear water Beach, Florida)

(Nguyen,j(1993),oil and gas field development technical-5
Publisher: (Editions Technic, Paris)
Burintekh (2015)[online]-6
:Available
http://burintekh.com/products/cone
schlumberger(2015),[online]-7
Availabel
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/r/roller_cone_bit.aspx

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