Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Purdue e-Pubs
International Compressor Engineering Conference
1996
W. Soedel
Purdue University
This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact epubs@purdue.edu for
additional information.
Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/
Herrick/Events/orderlit.html
ABSTR ACT
One potentially important consideration in compres sor noise control is the
effect of surging in coil springs. While
studies on spring surging have been pursued in the past [3] this study employs
the receptan ce technique to analyze a
mechanical system characte rized by spring surging.
1. INTROD UCTION
The objective of analyzing coil spring surging is in part to understand its
contribution to the response of a larger
system. The usual but sometim es not justifiable hypothesis is that springs do
not contribu te resonances of their own to a
composite system. The system was considerably simplified to capture the
essence of the spring surge problem. The
results illustrate phenom ena which are observed by practical engineers
when they try to achieve noise control by
changing spring rates.
For a real compressor, say a refrigeration compressor supported inside a
hermetic shell by three mounting springs
which may deflect each in three directions, the receptan ce formulation is only
a little more complicated.
The elements of the approac h include determining the equation of motion
for a coil spring as a continuous system,
the receptances for such a spring, and the total system receptan ce expression,
for three sub-systems B,C and D, C being
the surging spring. Once the foundation formulas are obtained, a numeric
al analysis of a typical system will be
performed. This isolation involves the parameters of internal spring damping
rate and spring stiffness. The final section
will be devoted to the application of the receptance method to an idealized compres
sor shell.
2. SYSTEM ACCOU NTING FOR SPRING SURGIN G EFFECT S
In addition to the coil spring of mass M, stiffness K, and internal damping
rate C, designated sub-system C, the
system is divided into two other sub-systems, B and D as shown in Figure
1. B is an extreme ly simplified model of the
compressor body and D is an extreme ly simplified model of one mode of a
compressor shell. Dampin g of sub-system C
occurs in the spring itself; in other words, there is no 'externa l' damperthe damping of the coil spring occurs via
material damping or by means of a plastic sleeve stretched around the spring.
This will allow for a continuous damping
effect across the length L, rather than a net damping effect at the two end points
of the spring.
2.1 The Sub-Sys tem Band D Recepta nces
In general, the receptance of a system is simply the ratio of harmonic displace
ment at one point to a harmonic force
at another point. See references (1,2] for receptan ce definitions. The receptan
ces are, for system Band D,
1
1
J3o = J3zz = J3Iz = (k
2) . B , 033 =044 = 043 = k
(1)
2 .
1- m1 CO + JCO
( 2
m 2 co )
+]COD
721
au
(2)
F=KLax .
in Figure 3.
Detennining a constant mass per unit length m' = dm/dx =MIL, the element dx is acted on by forces shown
A force balance and Newton's 2nd law gives
2
a22u + .~ = KL a2u
at
m' at
m' ax
(3)
.
(4)
KL
(5)
'c = m''
of Figure 4
Using this general expression for the equation of motion of the coil spring, the two boundary condition
s at the
receptance
the
known,
are
B
and
A
When
for.
solved
are
B
and
1
1
1
are introduced and the unknown constants A 1
left hand endpoint y22 and Y32 are evaluated:
2
u(L, t)
~K,L + e -jK,L
u(O, t)
(6,7)
-jK L)
jK,L
KL(
.
=
_iwt
F
=
Y32
'
L)
-jK
Y22 = F _iwr = . KL( jK,L
- e
e
JK 1
2C'
- e
e
JK 1
zC'
1
are shown in
Similarly, receptances y23 and y33 are evaluated. The boundary conditions, however, are reversed and
Figure 5.
~K,L+e-kK,L
u(L,t)
2
~ U(O,t) _
(8,9)
Yz3- F3eiwt- jKJKL(ej" ,L-e-j",L) ' 'Y33= F3eiwt = jKJKL(ej",L-e-jK,L).
Note the symmetry of the sub-system C receptances:
Y22
magnitude
Because of damping in some or all parts of the system, a.31 is a complex number. To account for this, the
analyzed.
is
and phase of the receptance will be considered when response behavior
3. NUMERIC AL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. The Effect of Surging on the Response
a ) when
The first observation to be made is the noticeable difference in a typical system response (receptance 31
to be
selected
were
D
Band
s
sub-system
of
frequencies
natural
The
8.
spring surging is considered, as shown in Figure
pump
heat
small
for
typical
be
to
selected
were
properties
and
6283 and 2000 rad/s, respectively. The spring dimensions
compressors.
of systems B
Several observations can be made. First, notice that the external system spikes (due to the resonances
that do not
and D) at OJ= 6283 rad/s and OJ= 2000 rad/s are magnified when surging occurs. Each of the dashed spikes
occur at OJ,. 2000 or 6283 rad/s represent the surge frequencies.
722
723
IS
1t
sum expression
According to reference [1] the receptance for a half-shell at its center is given by the double
~:
u 33
;.. ;..
4
=--phLaa rn"'l n"'l
m1tx*]
n7t8*l] ,
. 2 [ - - sm2 [ - 1
sm
2
a
L
rornn - ro2
(11)
(L/2,a12) = (0.100, rr./2). The natural frequencies for the (m,n) mode are given by
where, at location 3, (x*,S*)
equation (6.12.3), in reference (1].
ro = 3939 rad/s. It is also
Notice that the lowest natural frequency occurs in the m=l, n=4 mode and has a value of 14
es below 10000 radls. Only
important to notice that for this particular half shell example, there are 12 natural frequenci
paper (0 to 10000 rad/s).
this
in
d
considere
range
frequency
the
for
these 12 will contribute to the system A response
14.
Figure
in
range
this
for
plotted
The ~ 3 receptance is evaluated using (10) and is
A cross receptanc e a3 1,
Next, this modified sub-system D receptance is substituted into the expression for the system
15. The response
Figure
of
with all other receptances remaining the same, to yield the composite response plot
respectively. The
D,
or
C,B
ms
resonances are labeled C,B, or D if they are primarily due to resonances of sub-syste
s numerous
introduce
shell
the
before,
difference here is that instead of having only one system D resonance as
Considered
spring.
the
of
frequency
surge
resonances, each of which can be in coincidence or near coincidence with a
before.
discussed
cases
mode by mode, however, the system will behave similarly to the simple
5. CONCLUSION
often significant; it cannot
The receptance method analysis has demonstrated the following: ( 1) Spring surging is
surge resonance. (3)
damping
in
effective
is
spring
coil
surging
the
of
categorically be neglected. (2) Internal damping
rates reduce the
spring
coil
Lower
(4)
es.
frequenci
natural
Surge frequencies should be detuned from other system
desirable if the
become
may
rates
spring
coil
Higher
(5)
average system response, but make coincidence more likely.
t with other
coinciden
not
is
frequency
driving
the
driving frequency operation range is between surge peaks, provided
724
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
rsity Press.
AD. DIMAROCONAS and S. HADD AD 1992 Vibra
tion for Engineerings, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
:
Prentice Hall.
SYsTEM A
r- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
SUB-SYSTEM
I
'
sUB-SYSTEM B
_i___ u(x,t) :
suB-SYS 'It:M D
I 1--------------------------~l
::-----------------------------,
1:
f1(t) :: : - L - - + ; : .
kt :- x,(x,t) : i ~
: i!-- x (x,t)
::
. l,----2 ---,
r-------~--------~
Fig. 1.
L _ _ _ _ _ ____.
2
___
CUdx
___...
m'iidx
(JF
F+-d x
ax
:
i
~rdx
Fig. 3.
i--u( x,t)
Fig. 2.
F~:;
Forces on element.
~ u(O,t)
z:
F2d '"'-:
x=O:
Fig. 4.
J i l l ; - - - F3e
:x=L
: x=L
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig.5.
725
-14,--....---,----r---,---- ,--,-----,,---,----,---,
j-Unsurged
-10
-16
--Surged
-18
-15
-20
'
I
I.,
''
'
I
I
'
I - \
'
s
;',
/'
'.
'\
,,
\ .. , ... I
A-22
s
,;
i'.
-
-24
'
I.
'.
-25
~ = 30.0
28
-30
0
1000
2000
3000
7000
6000
9000
10000
Freaencv (rad/s)
Fig. 8.
_____7o.J..o-o_a_oo'-o--s-oLoo--,o_Jooo
-ooo:;---:1::::o::::oo:;----;;2-;:oo::o:---=3='ooo=--4o="=o-=-o---=s:-:ooo'='_s_ooo
Fig. 9.
-14.. - - - - - . - - - - . - - - , - - - - , - - - - . - -.......---,.---.-----"'T'"--,
-14r--,--~---~-,--~--~--.---,--~-,
-16
-16
-18
-18
-20
-.... _
"28o!--1-'000...,.---,2000-:':-:,--aooo~-=---4000-:-:'-:,--:sooo::'::,---::sooo~-7000==---=aooo=~-=9000-:':-:,--,~oooa
Frequency (radls)
Fig. 10.
-28~-~-~~~--~--,~--~-~-~~--~--~
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
0
Fruquency (rad/s)
Fig. 11.
-14..---r--...,......--"T"""--.---.---,---...---,----,--~
-16
-18
-20
.5
'
~ :.
-22
Fig. 12.
by a factor of four .
.
26
1000
2000
3000
7000
8000
9000
10000
726
Fig. 13.
System D is a shell.
_,[
15~
.a:5
20
Fig. 14.
1000
2000
3000
5000
6000
F~ (radls)
-10
1000
8000
D
D
-15
-25
D
Fig. 15.
D
1000
2000
3000
4000
8000
9000
10000
727
9000
10000