Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 07/2010

Health, Education, Social Protection
News & Notes 07/2010

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GTZ
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)
01 April 2010
You can download back issues (2005 - 2010) of this newsletter at: http://hiv-prg.org/en/newsletters
Table of Contents:
BOOKS ................................................................................ 4
From the Ground Up: Building Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Care Programs in Resource-
Limited Settings....................................................................................................................... 4
SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) ..................................... 4
Public health campaigns: getting the message across ........................................................... 4
Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical Challenge to Achieve
Global Health........................................................................................................................... 5
Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2009 ................................................................. 5
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 5
When and why to start antiretroviral therapy?......................................................................... 5
South Africa: Updated Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV & AIDS ..................... 6
HIV Prevalence and Related Factors: Higher Education Sector Study, South Africa 2008-
2009......................................................................................................................................... 6
High survival and treatment success sustained after two and three years of first-line ART for
children in Cambodia............................................................................................................... 6
Daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults in
Africa started on combination antiretroviral therapy: an observational analysis of the DART
cohort....................................................................................................................................... 7
Report of a Technical Consultation on Information Systems for Community-Based HIV
Programs ................................................................................................................................. 7
A New Approach to Producing Geographic Profiles of HIV Prevalence: An Application to
Malawi ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Sexual & Reproductive Health ..................................................................................... 8
International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An evidence-informed approach
for schools, teachers and health educators ............................................................................ 8
Postpartum Family Planning Toolkit........................................................................................ 8
The epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis in relation to sexual behaviour ................................ 8
Female reproductive tract infections: understandings and care seeking behaviour among
women of reproductive age in Lagos, Nigeria......................................................................... 9
Improving sexual and reproductive health through strengthening health systems ................. 9
Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................... 9
Development and use of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST): A model to estimate the impact of
scaling up proven interventions on maternal, neonatal and child mortality ............................ 9
WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital in an area of
intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective study......................................... 10
Causes of deaths in children younger than 5 years in China in 2008................................... 10
Malaria........................................................................................................................ 10
Malaria Control Manual ......................................................................................................... 10
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................... 11
Treatment of Tuberculosis Guidelines .................................................................................. 11
Integrating TB and HIV services: lessons from the field ....................................................... 11
HESP-News & Notes - 07/2010 - page 1

TB Impact Measurement: Policy and recommendations for how to assess the
epidemiological burden of TB and the impact of TB control ................................................. 11
Limitations on human rights in the context of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A reply to Boggio
et al........................................................................................................................................ 12
Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 12
Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper ................................................................................ 12
Protection from annual flooding is correlated with increased cholera prevalence in
Bangladesh: a zero-inflated regression analysis .................................................................. 12
Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases.................................................................. 13
Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 13
A Prescription for Failure: Health and Intellectual Property in the Dominican Republic ....... 13
Social Protection ........................................................................................................ 13
Pour une réflexion sur la gratuité des soins au Niger ........................................................... 13
Trends in out-of-pocket payments for health care in Kyrgyzstan, 2001-2007 ...................... 14
Conditional Cash Transfers: A ‘Pathway to Women’s Empowerment’? ............................... 14
Providing greater old-age security in China .......................................................................... 14
Human Resources...................................................................................................... 15
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice................... 15
Realignment of incentives for health-care providers in China............................................... 15
Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 15
The lessons learnt working in the Indonesian Health Sector in the West and East Nusa
Tenggara Provinces .............................................................................................................. 15
Engaging diverse communities participating in clinical trials: case examples from across
Africa ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Evaluation of the optimal recall period for disease symptoms in home-based morbidity
surveillance in rural and urban Kenya................................................................................... 16
Innovation in Healthcare Delivery Systems: A Conceptual Framework................................ 16
Direct facility funding as a response to user fee reduction: implementation and perceived
impact among Kenyan health centres and dispensaries ...................................................... 17
Current sample size conventions: Flaws, harms, and alternatives ....................................... 17
The quality of reports of randomised trials in 2000 and 2006: comparative study of articles
indexed in PubMed................................................................................................................ 17
Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 18
eForums on HIV and TB: A toolkit for launching, moderating and managing a high quality
eForum .................................................................................................................................. 18
Untangling the Web - Patients, Doctors, and the Internet..................................................... 18
ICT4D Research: How Should I Publish? ............................................................................. 18
Education ................................................................................................................... 19
Annual Report 2009 - Promoting access to quality and safe education for all affected by
crisis ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 19
Lowering the Threshold: Models of Accessible Methadone and Buprenorphine Treatment 19
Women, Harm Reduction, and HIV: Key Findings from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan,
Russia, and Ukraine .............................................................................................................. 19
Drug Use and HIV Risk among Young People in Sub-Saharan Africa................................. 20
Water and Sanitation.................................................................................................. 20
Water and Development........................................................................................................ 20
The WASH Factor - Oxfam’s experiences with humanitarian coordination for water,
sanitation, and health ............................................................................................................ 20
Greywater Use in the Middle East......................................................................................... 21
Sick Water? The Central Role of Wastewater Management in Sustainable Development .. 21
Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 21
Achieving Millennium Development Goals: The Promise of Microfinance............................ 21
Delivering the right to health with the health Millennium Development Goals ...................... 22
Development Assistance............................................................................................ 22
A Parliamentary Inquiry into Aid Effectiveness ..................................................................... 22
The (Indispensable) Middle Class in Developing Countries; or, The Rich and the Rest, Not
the Poor and the Rest ........................................................................................................... 22
The rise of budget support in European development cooperation: a false panacea .......... 23
Development Progress in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Botswana, Ghana, Mauritius
and South Africa.................................................................................................................... 23

Others......................................................................................................................... 23
Could We? Should We? Build a GBV Prevention Movement ............................................... 23
Social Watch Gender Equity Index 2009 .............................................................................. 24
Did South Korea’s Population Policy Work Too Well?.......................................................... 24
RAPID Population and Development - Malawi...................................................................... 24
Patient Safety Workshop: Learning from Error ..................................................................... 24
Keeping an Eye on Equity: Community Visions of Equity in Health ..................................... 25
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 25

Italian Journal of Public Health.............................................................................................. 25
Youth InfoNet 66 – March 2010 ............................................................................................ 25
Positive Prevention Toolkit .................................................................................................... 26
AidData.................................................................................................................................. 26
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 26

Africa Goal............................................................................................................................. 26
Procurement & Supply Management Toolbox Update - March 2010 ................................... 26
Development Networks - Polio Communication Forum ........................................................ 27
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 27
Free online course: ‘Introduction to Human Resources Management’................................. 27
Mixed Methods in International Health Research ................................................................. 27
CONFERENCES................................................................ 27
Second Conference of the African Health Economics and Policy Association (AfHEA) ...... 27
CARTOON ......................................................................... 28
TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 28

Check suspicious files online with VirusTotal........................................................................ 28
Saving a long e-mail, as you go ............................................................................................ 28
What is a Wiki?...................................................................................................................... 29
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BOOKS
From the Ground Up: Building Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Care Programs in
Resource-Limited Settings
by Richard G Marlink, Sara J Teitelman, eds.

Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Publication, 2009
Three-volume bookset, pp. 1,935 with CD-ROM, free of charge, ISBN

978-0-9817577-0-4.
To order the bookset free of charge (shipping and handling charges
apply) go to: https://ftgu.pedaids.org/intorder.php
The bookset is recommended reading for international HIV/AIDS professionals, stu-

dents, and others who wish to learn more about the current state of the global HIV/AIDS
response. Over 320 distinguished authors have contributed to this collection, which fea-
tures best practices and lessons learned from HIV/AIDS programs around the globe,
with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa.
***
SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP)
by Andrew D Oxman, John N Lavis, Simon Lewin, Atle Fretheim

Report from Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, March
2010
283 pp. 5.3 MB:

http://www.evipnet.org/local/On-line%20tutorials/STP-rapport-4-2010_web.pdf
Knowing how to find and use research evidence can help policymakers and those who
support them to do their jobs better and more efficiently. Each chapter of this book pre-
sents a proposed tool that can be used by those involved in finding and using research
evidence to support evidence-informed health policymaking.
***
Public health campaigns: getting the message across
by William H Helfand, Melissa Leach, Sanjoy Bhattacharya et al.

World Health Organization, 2009
Download chapter by chapter (159 pp.) at:

http://www.who.int/about/history/publications/9789240560277/en/index.html
This book takes a historical look at the power of posters to persuade people to change
their behaviour. It charts decades of changing health priorities, advertising trends and
government regulations, inviting the reader to reflect on how public health campaigns
have evolved, and how they could be improved. It is designed to provide public health
professionals, policy-makers, programme managers and students of public health with
an important resource. The eight chapters contain a selection of posters from all WHO
regions, introduced with a brief history.
***

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical Chal-
lenge to Achieve Global Health
Editors: Valentín Fuster and Bridget B. Kelly

Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Dis-
ease, National Academy of Sciences, 2010
365 pp. 2.8 MB:

http://cart.nap.edu/cart/pdfaccess.cgi?&record_id=12815&free=1
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), once thought to be confined primarily to industrialized

nations, has emerged as a major health threat in developing countries. Cardiovascular
disease now accounts for nearly 30 percent of deaths in low and middle income coun-
tries each year, and is accompanied by significant economic repercussions. Yet most
governments, global health institutions, and development agencies have largely over-
looked CVD as they have invested in health in developing countries.
***
Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2009
Haishan Fu, Ilpo Survo, Cihat Basocak et al.

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pa-
cific (ESCAP), 2010
260 pp. 4.2 MB:

http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2009/ESCAP-SYB2009.pdf
The third edition of the revised Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific remains an
authoritative reference on the social economic and environmental development of the
Asian and Pacific region from 1990. Through more than 200 key internationally compa-
rable indicators, it compares Asia and the Pacific with the world average and other re-
gions, including Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean and North America. It
includes 128 reader-friendly charts and descriptive texts on 30 development topics.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
HIV - AIDS - STI
When and why to start antiretroviral therapy?
by Jose M. Gatell
J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65: 383-385 (12 January 2010)
3 pp. 103 kB:

http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/65/3/383
The question about when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients has
been debated since the discovery of the first antiretroviral agent back in 1986 and has
been fuelled by the introduction of highly active combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)
10 years later in 1996. Several cohort studies have convincingly demonstrated a signifi-
cant reduction of AIDS- and non-AIDS-related events when cART is initiated at >350
CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm3, and even at >500 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm3. Willingness to
be treated and to adhere to the prescribed medication still remains the key to success.

South Africa: Updated Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV &
AIDS
Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV & AIDS in Adults and Adolescents
42 pp. 451 kB:
http://www.health-e.org.za/documents/0ba405d9042e557a9fb1987adb68cb97.pdf
Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Children

2nd Edition 2010
87 pp. 966 kB:
http://www.health-e.org.za/documents/35cc37337b5448b6d06f48440fb424cc.pdf
Clinical Guidelines: PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission)

43 pp. 375 kB:
http://www.health-e.org.za/documents/e44f8a2101f154208632cc742d0f9783.pdf
National Department of Health, South Africa, 2010
South Africa’s antiretroviral treatment guidelines have been updated. The guidelines of-
fer a range of improvements over the 2004 guidelines including new, more tolerable an-
tiretrovirals, immediate ARV treatment for drug-resistant TB patients and improved pre-
vention of mother to child transmission procedures.
***
HIV Prevalence and Related Factors: Higher Education Sector Study, South
Africa 2008-2009
by Gail Andrews, Managa Pillay, Shaidah Asmall et al.

Higher Education HIV and AIDS Programme (HEAIDS), March 2010
156 pp. 1.7 MB:

http://www.health-
e.org.za/documents/908434980e6c573b34dada86e8403433.pdf
HIV prevalence rates among South Africa’s university students remain low, but risk is
never far off according to one of the largest surveys ever conducted in the country. The
study of almost 24,000 students and staff found a national HIV prevalence rate among
college students of about 3 percent - a sharp contrast to the national prevalence rate of
around 18 percent estimated by UNAIDS. A combination of individual questionnaires, in-
terviews, and dried blood spot HIV testing was used.
***
High survival and treatment success sustained after two and three years of
first-line ART for children in Cambodia
by Petros Isaakidis, Marie-Eve Raguenaud, Vantha Te et al.

Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010, 13:11 (21 March 2010)
32 pp. 243 kB:

http://www.jiasociety.org/content/pdf/1758-2652-13-11.pdf
Long-term outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children remain poorly docu-

mented in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study was to assess two-and

three-year survival, CD4 evolution and virological response among children on ART in a
programmatic setting in Cambodia. The authors conclude that good survival, immu-
nological restoration and viral suppression can be sustained after two to three years of
ART among children in resource-constrained settings. Increased access to routine vi-
rological measurements is needed for timely diagnosis of treatment failure.
***
Daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in severely immunosuppressed HIV-

infected adults in Africa started on combination antiretroviral therapy: an
observational analysis of the DART cohort
by AS Walker, D Ford, CF Gilks et al.

The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 29 March 2010
9 pp. 185 kB:

http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673610600578.pdf?i
d=40bade4753939e7f:48965ebb:127a8be4db6:2e31269848879123
Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis can reduce mortality from untreated HIV infection in Africa;
whether benefits occur alongside combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unclear.
The authors estimated the effect of prophylaxis after ART initiation in adults. Their study
results reinforce WHO guidelines and provide strong motivation for provision of co-
trimoxazole prophylaxis for at least 72 weeks for all adults starting combination ART in
Africa.
***
Report of a Technical Consultation on Information Systems for Commu-

nity-Based HIV Programs
July 21-22, 2009; Washington, DC, USA

MEASURE Evaluation, February 2010
80 pp. 14.2 MB(!):

http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/pdf/ws-10-15.pdf
The tools and experiences presented during the two-day meeting highlighted a variety
of users and stakeholders at different levels of the health system, from the community to
the national level. Recommendations emerging from the Technical Consultation meeting
underscored the fundamental need to strengthen monitoring and data use at the com-
munity-based program level by implementing monitoring and evaluating systems that
yield quality, complete, relevant, and timely data.
***
A New Approach to Producing Geographic Profiles of HIV Prevalence: An

Application to Malawi
by Oleksiy Ivaschenko and Peter Lanjouw

The World Bank, Europe and Central Asia Region, Human Development Economics
Unit & Development Research Group, Poverty and Inequality Team, February 2010
35 pp. 646 kB:

http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/02/16/000158349_20100
216090813/Rendered/PDF/WPS5207.pdf

This paper proposes a new approach to the estimation of HIV prevalence for relatively
small geographic areas in settings where national population-based surveys of preva-
lence are not available. The proposed approach aims to overcome some of the difficul-
ties with prevailing methods of deriving HIV prevalence estimates (at both national and
sub-national levels) directly from sentinel surveys. The paper also outlines some of the
limitations of the proposed approach.
Sexual & Reproductive Health
International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An evidence-

informed approach for schools, teachers and health educators
Volume 2: Topics and learning objectives
by Mark Richmond, Chris Castle, Ekua Yankah et al.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), December 2009
64 pp. 2.0 MB:

http://data.unaids.org/pub/ExternalDocument/2009/20091210_int
ernational_guidance_sexuality_education_vol_2_en.pdf
For Volume 1: “The rationale for sexuality education” see:

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 04/2010 - 21 February 2010
In many parts of the world, a combination of social taboos, unavailability of sound infor-
mation, lack of resources and infrastructure leave many young people vulnerable to co-
ercion, abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections,
including HIV. Sexuality education can play a key role in improving knowledge and re-
ducing sexual risk behaviours among young people.
***
Postpartum Family Planning Toolkit
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/ppfp
This toolkit provides a comprehensive collection of best practices and

evidence-based tools and documents on postpartum family planning
(PPFP). The first year postpartum is a time of great family planning
need, but also a time when few services are accessible to women. This toolkit will assist
policymakers, program managers, trainers and service providers to develop and imple-
ment effective service delivery approaches that address the family planning needs of
the women they serve.
***
The epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis in relation to sexual behaviour
by Hans Verstraelen, Rita Verhelst, Mario Vaneechoutte and Marleen Temmerman

BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10:81 (30 March 2010)
30 pp. 304 kB:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2334-10-81.pdf

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been most consistently linked to sexual behaviour, and the
epidemiological profile of BV mirrors that of established sexually transmitted infections
(STIs). It remains a matter of debate however whether BV pathogenesis does actually
involve sexual transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms from men to women.
Though male-to-female transmission cannot be ruled out, overall there is incomplete
evidence that BV acts as an STI. The authors believe however that BV may be consid-
ered a sexually enhanced disease, with frequency of intercourse being a critical factor.
***
Female reproductive tract infections: understandings and care seeking

behaviour among women of reproductive age in Lagos, Nigeria
by Kabiru A Rabiu, Adeniyi A Adewunmi, Fatimat M Akinlusi and Oluwarotimi I Akinola

BMC Women's Health 2010, 10:8 (23 March 2010)
22 pp. 161 kB:

Reproductive tract infections (RTI’s) are endemic in developing countries and entail a
heavy toll on women. If untreated, RTI’s can lead to adverse health outcomes such as
infertility, ectopic pregnancy and increased vulnerability to transmission of the human
immunodeficiency virus. It is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Even
though most of the respondents in this study have heard of RTI’s and sought treatment
when symptomatic, they demonstrated poor overall understanding of the subject. There
is need to educate women on preventive strategies, as RTI’s are often asymptomatic.
***
Improving sexual and reproductive health through strengthening health

systems
ENTRE NOUS - The European Magazine for Sexual and Reproductive

Health, No. 68 - 2009 - WHO Regional Office for Europe
32 pp. 1.3 MB:

http://www.euro.who.int/document/ENS/en68.pdf
This issue of Entre Nous looks at sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and in particular
to its relationships with health systems. In the editorial several perspectives of SRH are
offered, each revealing important issues and challenges.
Maternal & Child Health
Development and use of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST): A model to estimate
the impact of scaling up proven interventions on maternal, neonatal and
child mortality
International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 39, Suppl. 1, April 2010
All 22 articles can be read or downloaded free of charge at:

http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol39/suppl_1/index.dtl?etoc
At the turn of the millennium, there was a widespread feeling in the child health commu-

nity that the over 10 million annual deaths of under-five children were not receiving the
attention they deserved. A formal attempt to estimate how many deaths could be saved
by each intervention then available brought remarkable results: no fewer than two-thirds
of all under five deaths, or over 6 million a year could be saved if every mother and child
received a handful of proven interventions.
***
WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital

in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective
study
by Behzad Nadjm, Ben Amos, George Mtove et al.

BMJ 2010;340:c1350 (30 March 2010)
9 pp. 167 kB:

http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/340/mar30_1/c1350
In an area exposed to high transmission of malaria, current WHO guidelines failed to

identify almost a third of children with invasive bacterial disease, and more than half of
the organisms isolated were not susceptible to currently recommended antimicrobials.
Improved diagnosis and treatment of invasive bacterial disease are needed to reduce
childhood mortality.
***
Causes of deaths in children younger than 5 years in China in 2008
by Igor Rudan, Kit Yee Chan, Jian SF Zhang et al.

The Lancet, Vol. 375, Issue 9720, pp. 1083-1089, 27 March 2010
7 pp. 803 kB:

d=40bade4753939e7f:7ba4aa14:12799f7c1cc:745d1269603265310
Previous estimates of the global burden of disease for children have not included much
information from China, leading to a large gap in data. The authors identified the main
causes of deaths in neonates (<1 month), post-neonatal infants (1-11 months), and chil-
dren (<5 years) in China using information that was available to the public. On the basis
of trends, preterm birth complications are expected to become the leading cause of child
mortality in China.
Malaria
Malaria Control Manual
by Janina Pasaniuc
Oxfam Publications, October 2008
161 pp. 2.0 MB:

http://www.oxfam.org.uk/resources/downloads/emerg_manuals/malaria_control_manual.pdf
This book is meant for all who may be involved in initiating a malaria control project in
humanitarian situations specifically although much of the background information will be
useful for longer term programs. Knowledge of malaria control is important for Public

Health Promoters, Water and Sanitation Engineers and Project Co-coordinators and
Managers in order to facilitate decision-making and project formulation.
Tuberculosis
Treatment of Tuberculosis Guidelines

Fourth edition
by Richard Menzies, Karen Steingart, Phillip Hopewell et al.

Stop TB Department, World Health Organization, 2010
160 pp. 1.0 MB:

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241547833_eng.pdf
This fourth edition provides guidance for treatment approaches in the light of advances
in laboratory technology and the country’s progress in building laboratory capacity. The
principal purpose of these guidelines is to help national TB control programmes (NTPs)
in setting TB treatment policy to optimize patient cure: curing patients will prevent death,
relapse, acquired drug resistance, and the spread of TB in the community. Their further
purpose is to guide clinicians working in both public and private sectors.
***
Integrating TB and HIV services: lessons from the field
by Theo Smart
HATiP Issue 156, 23 March 2010
6 pp. 2.3 MB:

http://www.aidsmap.com/cms1397718.pdf
A year and a half ago, investigators of the Starting Antiretroviral Therapy at Three Points
in Tuberculosis (SAPIT) trial announced that starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in peo-
ple with both tuberculosis (TB) and HIV while they are still taking TB treatment dramati-
cally reduces mortality. But the problem may be that integration hasn’t gone quite far
enough. Often, TB and HIV service integration means a system of referrals to a co-
located clinic rather than full ‘one-stop shop’ integration.
***
TB Impact Measurement: Policy and recommendations for how to assess

the epidemiological burden of TB and the impact of TB control
by Ana Bierrenbach, Katherine Floyd, Jaap Broekmans et al.

72 pp. 1.9 MB:

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598828_eng.pdf
Global targets for reducing the epidemiological burden of tuberculosis (TB) are that the
TB incidence rate should be falling globally by 2015 and that TB prevalence and death
rates should be halved by 2015 compared with their levels in 1990. Achieving these im-
pact targets is the focus of national and international efforts to control TB, and demon-
strating whether or not they are achieved is of major importance for individual countries,

the United Nations, the Stop TB Partnership and a variety of technical, financial and de-
velopment agencies.
***
Limitations on human rights in the context of drug-resistant tuberculosis:

A reply to Boggio et al.
by Joseph J. Amon, Françoise Girard, and Salmaan Keshavjee

Health and Human Rights: An International Journal 11/1 (2009)
10 pp. 652 kB:

http://hhrjournal.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/amon.pdf
Recent attention to multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

(MDR- and XDR-TB) has increased discussion and debate over the extent to which limi-
tations to human rights can be justified in the name of public health. In their recent arti-
cle “Limitations on human rights: Are they justifiable to reduce the burden of TB in the
era of MDR- and XDR-TB?” Andrea Boggio et al. argue that involuntary treatment and
other compulsory measures for patients with tuberculosis (TB) can be justified as a “last
resort” under international human rights law. We argue that the “choice” presented by
Boggio et al. between public health goals and human rights in the case of drug-resistant
TB is largely a false one.
Other Infectious Diseases
Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper
Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER), 26 March 2010, Vol. 85, 13 (pp 117–128)
12 pp. 277 kB:

http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8513.pdf
This document replaces the position paper on cholera vaccines published in the Weekly
Epidemiological Record in April 2001. Cholera control should be a priority in areas
where the disease is endemic. Given the availability of 2 oral cholera vaccines and data
on their efficacy, field effectiveness, feasibility and acceptance in cholera-affected popu-
lations, immunization with these vaccines should be used in conjunction with other pre-
vention and control strategies in areas where the disease is endemic and should be
considered in areas at risk for outbreaks.
***
Protection from annual flooding is correlated with increased cholera preva-

lence in Bangladesh: a zero-inflated regression analysis
by Margaret Carrel, Paul Voss, Peter K. Streatfield et al.

Environmental Health 2010, 9:13 (22 March 2010)
28 pp. 2.1 MB:

http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-9-13.pdf
The construction of dams or other water impoundment strategies for economic or social
motives can have profound and unanticipated consequences for waterborne disease.
Results of this study indicate that the construction of a flood control structure in rural

Bangladesh is correlated with an increase in cholera cases for residents protected from
annual monsoon flooding. Such a finding requires attention from both the health com-
munity and from governments and non-governmental organizations involved in ongoing
water management schemes.
***
Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases
by Emily K. Shuman
N Engl J Med, Vol. 362, Nr. 12:1061-1063, March 25, 2010
3 pp. 198 kB:

http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/362/12/1061.pdf
The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen ended on De-
cember 18 without passage of a binding resolution for tackling global climate change.
However, climate change will have enormous implications for human health, especially
for the burden of vector-borne and waterborne infectious diseases. One of the goals of
research on climate change should be the development of early warning systems to
help populations prepare for impending epidemics.
Essential Medicines
A Prescription for Failure: Health and Intellectual Property in the Domini-

can Republic
Tanya Baytor, Rebecca Janz, Bria DeSalvo et al.

Georgetown Human Rights Action / Human Rights Institute Fact-
Finding Group, 2010
48 pp. 1.1 MB:

http://www.law.georgetown.edu/news/releases/documents/A2MFinalOnline032210.pdf
A group of nine Georgetown Law students have written the report which finds that U.S.
efforts to increase intellectual property protections in the Dominican Republic may lead
to sharp increases in the cost of lifesaving drugs and, as a result, the declining health
and even deaths of those who may be unable to afford them. The report recommends
that Congress extend the same intellectual property provisions to the DR-CAFTA coun-
tries that were offered to Peru in a 2007 trade agreement.
Social Protection
Pour une réflexion sur la gratuité des soins au Niger
J.P. Olivier de Sardan, V. Ridde, A. Diarra, A. Ousseini

Programme « Abolition du paiement » Note d’information n° 1,
Mars 2010
5 pp. 609 kB:

http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-social-protection-news-notes/web/policy_brief_niger.pdf
Cette note souhaite contribuer à une réflexion collective des acteurs concernés par le
système de santé nigérien en général, et la gratuité des soins au Niger en particulier, à

partir des premiers résultats de la recherche menée par le Laboratoire d’études et re-
cherches sur les dynamiques sociales et le développement local (LASDEL). Les enquê-
tes ont fait apparaître divers goulots d’étranglement dans la mise en oeuvre de la politi-
que d’exemption de paiement pour les enfants de moins de 5 ans et les césariennes.
***
Trends in out-of-pocket payments for health care in Kyrgyzstan, 2001-2007
by Jane Falkingham, Baktygul Akkazieva and Angela Baschieri

Health Policy and Planning - Advance Access published online on March
23, 2010
10 pp. 164 kB:

http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/czq011v1
The Kyrgyz Republic has been a pioneer in reforming the system of health care finance.
A key objective of the reforms has been to replace the burgeoning system of unofficial
informal payments for health care with a transparent official co-payment, thereby reduc-
ing the financial burden of health care spending for the poor. The analysis shows that
there has been a significant improvement in financial access to health care amongst the
population. However, the burden of health care payments amongst the poor remains
significant.
***
Conditional Cash Transfers: A ‘Pathway to Women’s Empowerment’?
by Maxine Molyneux
Pathways of Women's Empowerment, 2008
92 pp. 3.9 MB:

http://www.pathwaysofempowerment.org/PathwaysWP5-website.pdf
Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) provide mothers of school-age children in extreme

poverty with a cash subsidy conditional on their children’s attendance at school and
health clinics. This paper assesses the evidence for the claim that these programmes
empower women. It finds that, although CCTs are designed to target the extremely poor
and the particularly vulnerable, they operate under a highly selective definition of social
need, and these programmes privilege and target some needs over others even at
household level, reinforcing social/gender inequalities within the family itself.
***
Providing greater old-age security in China
by Richard Herd, Yu-Wei Hu and Vincent Koen

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2010
42 pp. 870 kB:

http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2010doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00000AF6/$FILE/JT03279066.PDF
China’s population is ageing fast, owing to low fertility and rising life expectancy. Migra-
tion of the young to urban areas is raising the proportion of the elderly in the rural popu-
lation and the increase in the old-age dependency ratio will be even more pronounced in
rural than in urban areas. This paper looks at the challenges surrounding population
ageing in China, and looks at possibilities for improved old-age support systems.

Human Resources
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Prac-

tice
by John HV Gilbert, Jean Yan, Steven J Hoffman et al.

Health Professions Networks - Nursing & Midwifery - Human Resources
for Health, World Health Organization, 2010
62 pp. 2.3 MB:

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_HRH_HPN_10.3_eng.pdf
At a time when the world is facing a shortage of health workers, policymakers are look-
ing for innovative strategies that can help them develop policy and programmes to bol-
ster the global health workforce. The Framework highlights the current status of inter-
professional collaboration around the world, identifies the mechanisms that shape suc-
cessful collaborative teamwork and outlines a series of action items that policy-makers
can apply within their local health system.
***
Realignment of incentives for health-care providers in China
Winnie Chi-Man Yip, William Hsiao, Qingyue Meng et al.

The Lancet, Vol. 375, Issue 9720, pp. 1120-1130, 27 March 2010
11 pp. 243 kB:

d=40bade4753939e7f:7ba4aa14:12799f7c1cc:745d1269603265310
Inappropriate incentives as part of China’s fee-for-service payment system have re-

sulted in rapid cost increase, inefficiencies, poor quality, unaffordable health care, and
an erosion of medical ethics. To reverse these outcomes, a strategy of experimentation
to realign incentives for providers with the social goals of improvement in quality and ef-
ficiency has been initiated in China. This Review shows how lessons that have been
learned from international experiences have been improved further in China.
Health Systems & Research
The lessons learnt working in the Indonesian Health Sector in the West and
East Nusa Tenggara Provinces
GTZ SISKES & HRD in Nusa Tenggara, 2006-2009
by James Carl Sonnemann, Gertrud Schmidt-Ehry, Karsten van der

Oord
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH,
December 2009
121 pp. 3.3 MB:

http://www2.gtz.de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/GTZ_SISKES.pdf
With more than 10 years of experience in facilitating to improve the District Health Sys-
tem - in the West and East Nusa Tenggara Provinces, Indonesia - the SISKES
(Strengthening the District Health Systems) and HRD (Human Resource Development)

projects have documented valuable “Lessons Learnt” and “Best Practices”. This compi-
lation of documents reflects the hands-on perspective of the Indonesian project manag-
ers of the various project activities.
***
Engaging diverse communities participating in clinical trials: case exam-

ples from across Africa
by Aceme Nyika, Roma Chilengi, Deus Ishengoma et al.

Malaria Journal 2010, 9:86 (26 March 2010)
33 pp. 522 kB:

http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-9-86.pdf
This article focuses on community engagement activities employed at various African

Malaria Network Trust (AMANET) supported clinical trial sites in different countries,
highlighting subtle differences in the approaches used. The paper also gives some gen-
eral pros and cons of community engagement. Community engagement enables two-
way sharing of accurate information and ideas between researchers and researched
communities, which helps to create an environment conducive to smooth research ac-
tivities with enhanced sense of research ownership by the communities.
***
Evaluation of the optimal recall period for disease symptoms in home-

based morbidity surveillance in rural and urban Kenya
by Daniel R Feikin, Allan Audi, Beatrice Olack et al.

International Journal of Epidemiology 2010 39(2):450-458 (20 January
2010)
9 pp. 143 kB:

http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/39/2/450
In African settings with poor access to health care, surveillance and surveys of disease
burden are often done through home visits. The optimal recall period to capture data on
symptoms and health utilization is unknown. The authors conclude that a 2-week recall
period underestimates true disease rates and health-care utilization. Shorter recall peri-
ods of 3 days in children and 4 days in adults would likely yield more accurate data.
***
Innovation in Healthcare Delivery Systems: A Conceptual Framework
by Vincent K. Omachonu and Norman G. Einspruch

The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 15(1), 2010, Article 2
20 pp. 486 kB:

http://www.innovation.cc/scholarly-style/omachonu_healthcare_3innovate2.pdf
The healthcare industry has experienced a proliferation of innovations aimed at enhanc-

ing life expectancy, quality of life, diagnostic and treatment options, as well as the effi-
ciency and cost effectiveness of the healthcare system. Information technology has
played a vital role in the innovation of healthcare systems. Despite the surge in innova-
tion, theoretical research on the art and science of healthcare innovation has been lim-
ited. This paper opens the door for researchers to address several questions regarding

innovation in healthcare.
***
Direct facility funding as a response to user fee reduction: implementation

and perceived impact among Kenyan health centres and dispensaries
by Antony Opwora, Margaret Kabare, Sassy Molyneux et al.

Health Policy and Planning, 2010, 1–13 - Advance Access published
online on March 8, 2010
13 pp. 210 kB:

http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/czq009v1
There is increasing pressure for reduction of user fees, but this can have adverse ef-
fects by decreasing facility-level funds. To address this, direct facility funding (DFF) was
piloted in Coast Province, Kenya, with health facility committees responsible for manag-
ing the funds. The authors evaluated the implementation and perceived impact 2.5
years after DFF introduction.
***
Current sample size conventions: Flaws, harms, and alternatives
by Peter Bacchetti
BMC Medicine 2010, 8:17 (22 March 2010)
24 pp. 171 kB:

The belief remains widespread that medical research studies must have statistical
power of at least 80% in order to be scientifically sound, and peer reviewers often ques-
tion whether power is high enough. But common conventions and expectations concern-
ing sample size are deeply flawed, cause serious harm to the research process, and
should be replaced by more rational alternatives.
***
The quality of reports of randomised trials in 2000 and 2006: comparative

study of articles indexed in PubMed
by Sally Hopewell, Susan Dutton, Ly-Mee Yu et al.

BMJ 2010;340:c723 (23 March 2010)
8 pp. 137 kB:

http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/340/mar23_1/c723
The authors conclude that reporting of several important aspects of trial methods im-
proved between 2000 and 2006; however, the quality of reporting remains well below an
acceptable level. Without complete and transparent reporting of how a trial was de-
signed and conducted, it is difficult for readers to assess its conduct and validity.
***

Information & Communication Technology
eForums on HIV and TB: A toolkit for launching, moderating and managing
a high quality eForum
by Elizabeth Kistler, Ian Hodgson, Nadine France et al, 2009

Health & Development Networks (HDN), AIDSPortal and the Interna-
tional HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2009
Download chapter by chapter (256 pp.) at:

http://www.aidsalliance.org/publicationsdetails.aspx?id=425
eForums are email discussion forums for information sharing, networking and dialogue
on HIV, AIDS, TB, and related health and development issues. This toolkit aims to pro-
vide organisations working in health and development with tools to launch, moderate
and manage high-quality eForums that provide a safe space for civil society focused in-
formation sharing, networking and dialogue.
***
Untangling the Web - Patients, Doctors, and the Internet
by Pamela Hartzband and Jerome Groopman

N Engl J Med 362;12, March 25, 2010
2 pp. 91 kB:
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/362/12/1063.pdf
Medicine has built on a long history of innovation, from the stethoscope and roentgeno-
gram to magnetic resonance imaging and robotics. Doctors have embraced each new
technology to advance patient care. But nothing has changed clinical practice more fun-
damentally than one recent innovation: the Internet. Its profound effects derive from the
fact that while previous technologies have been fully under doctors’ control, the Internet
is equally in the hands of patients. Such access is redefining the roles of physician and
patient.
***
ICT4D Research: How Should I Publish?
by Richard Heeks
31 March 2010
Read online at: http://ict4dblog.wordpress.com/
In what form should you publish your ICT4D research for maximum impact? A book; a
book chapter; a journal article - if so what kind of journal; a conference paper?
You are welcome to comment your own evidence, but I’m going to answer that question
through analysis of the publications of my favourite author: me. Why me? Because al-
most everything I’ve published is in the ICT4D field; there are a large number of items,
over a long period, and in many different formats; and careful selection of my name at
birth ensures very few false positives in citation searches. But most importantly, I have
access to the list of all items I’ve ever published, and so can include those that have
never been cited.

Education
Annual Report 2009 - Promoting access to quality and safe education for
all affected by crisis
Interagency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE), 2009
36 pp. 657 kB:

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/MYAI-
83XAYS/$file/INEE_Annual_Report_2009.pdf?openelement
In this annual report you will read about the numerous achievements of INEE such as
the Guidance Notes on Safer School Construction, the Guidance Notes on Teacher
Compensation, and the Pocket Guide to Inclusive Education. To respond to research
gaps, the INEE Strategic Research Agenda was launched in October 2009 and will help
to identify emerging research needs and gaps, and support the professionalisation of
this field and its capacity both to produce and be informed by sound research.
Harm Reduction and Drug Use
Lowering the Threshold: Models of Accessible Methadone and Buprenor-

phine Treatment
by Elizabeth Keeney and Roxanne Saucier

International Harm Reduction Development Program, March 2010
38 pp. 1.3 MB:

http://www.soros.org/initiatives/health/focus/ihrd/articles_publication
s/publications/lowering-the-threshold-20100311/lowering-the-threshold-20100311.pdf
This report documents low-threshold methadone and buprenorphine programmes - that

is, programmes that seek, in the spirit of harm reduction, to meet patients “where they’re
at” and minimize bureaucratic requirements.
***
Women, Harm Reduction, and HIV: Key Findings from Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine
by Katya Burns
International Harm Reduction Development Program, October 2009
64 pp. 326 kB:

http://www.soros.org/initiatives/health/focus/ihrd/articles_publication
s/publications/wmhardred20091001/wmhreng_20091001.pdf
Women who use drugs are more vulnerable to HIV infection than male drug users. They
share injection equipment and are often “second on the needle”. Engagement in sex
work and low levels of condom use add to their risk of infection. At the same time,
women face greater obstacles to accessing the services they need to protect their
health. This report examines women’s access to harm reduction, reproductive health,
and HIV and AIDS services in five countries.
***

Drug Use and HIV Risk among Young People in Sub-Saharan Africa
by John-Peter Kools
Stop AIDS Now! - 2008
37 pp. 374 kB:

http://www.stopaidsnow.org/documents/drug_use_africa_2008_report.pdf
This report describes the results of a study that explored HIV and drug use among youth
in the sub-Saharan region. The document provides an overview and analysis of trends
in drug use and the related HIV risks, and it offers recommendations for developing re-
sponses to adequately face these new challenges.
Water and Sanitation
Water and Development

An Evaluation of World Bank Support, 1997-2007
by Ronald Parker, Anna Amato, Gunhild Berg et al.

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World
Bank, 2010
Vol. 1: 120 pp. 3.7 MB:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTWATER/Resources/Water_eval.pdf
Vol. 2: 136 pp. 1.6 MB:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTWATER/Resources/water_vol2.pdf
The world’s most water-deprived countries are also receiving some of the least help
from the World Bank to improve conditions, according to the study that the bank’s inde-
pendent evaluators released. The study said water shortages, being felt in more than 40
countries, are at risk of getting worse. New ways need to be found to help the most wa-
ter-stressed countries make water sustainability a cornerstone of their development
plans.
***
The WASH Factor - Oxfam’s experiences with humanitarian coordination

for water, sanitation, and health
by Aimee Ansari and Bethan Montague-Brown

Oxfam, February 2010
22 pp. 167 kB:

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/MUMA-
83R8ZN/$file/rr_the_wash_factor_240210.pdf?openelement
In the humanitarian coordination system of ‘clusters’, the water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) cluster is widely acknowledged to be among the best functioning. Interviews
were conducted with more than 50 individuals with experience of the WASH cluster in
more than 25 countries, focusing on evidence of improved humanitarian response from
the WASH cluster and what helps or hinders improvement.
***

Greywater Use in the Middle East
Technical, Social, Economic and Policy Issues
Edited by Stephen Mcllwaine and Mark Redwood

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Centre for
the Study of the Built Environment, 2010
Read online at: http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/466-6/
In water-scarce areas of the Middle East, greywater (household wastewater excluding

toilet waste) is commonly used by poor communities to irrigate home gardens. This both
supplements the water available to the household and improves food security. the book
discusses many of the non-technical issues that influence effectiveness and sustainabil-
ity of greywater use. It concludes by offering suggestions for where donor efforts and re-
search could best be focused in the near future.
***
Sick Water? The Central Role of Wastewater Management in Sustainable

Development
A Rapid Response Assessment
by Emily Corcoran, Christian Nellemann, Elaine Baker et al.

United Nations Environment Programme, UN-HABITAT, March 2010
88 pp. 5.9 MB:

http://www.grida.no/_res/site/file/publications/sickwater/SickWater_screen.pdf
Transforming wastewater from a major health and environmental hazard into a clean,
safe and economically-attractive resource is emerging as a key challenge in the 21st
century. Wastewater is a cocktail of fertilizer run-off and sewage disposal alongside
animal, industrial, agricultural and other wastes. The report underlines that reducing the
volume and concentrations of wastewater will require multiple actions ranging from re-
ducing run-off from livestock and croplands to better treatment of human wastes.
Millennium Development Goals
Achieving Millennium Development Goals: The Promise of Microfinance
by Soukeyna Ndiaye
International Network of Alternative Financial Institutions (INAFI), 2010
12 pp. 192 kB:

http://endpoverty2015.org/files/microfinance-.pdf
Capital is a key factor of production in the sense that for poor people, it is
a big constraint in pursuing their livelihoods, so microfinance can be seen as part of a
broader livelihood approach it can be think that in terms of empowering women, savings
and credit programmes at the micro-level, particularly self-help based ones, are ex-
tremely important.
***

Delivering the right to health with the health Millennium Development
Goals
Outcome Report
Action for Global Health Cross Europe High Level Con-

ference - 2 March 2010, the European Parliament
15 pp. 176 kB:

http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-social-protection-news-
notes/web/AFGH%20Conference%20Report.pdf
Action for Global Health (AfGH) organized a cross-European conference on delivering

the right to health with the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The confer-
ence examined what concrete actions the EU institutions and Member States will need
to undertake to ensure that the health MDGs are to be achieved. The workshops ad-
dressed AfGH’s three key policy areas: full funding, strong systems and fair access to
health services. All workshops presented recommendations for concrete actions to be
undertaken by the EU and its Member States in order to achieve the health MDGs.
Development Assistance
A Parliamentary Inquiry into Aid Effectiveness
by Robert Hopper, James Birch and Georgina Hemmingway

All Party Parliamentary Group for Debt, Aid & Trade (APPG DAT), 2010
32 pp. 797 kB:

http://aideffectiveness.zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/AidEffective-
ness/user502447_2010%20Parliamentary%20Inquiry%20into%20Aid%20Effectiv
eness1269531971.pdf
This report highlights some of the key issues of aid effectiveness in what is a crucial
year for international development. With only 5 years to go until the Millennium Devel-
opment Goals must be met and with the commitments made under the Paris Declaration
due to be fulfilled this year, there is a vital need for Parliamentarians to engage with the
aid effectiveness agenda.
***
The (Indispensable) Middle Class in Developing Countries; or, The Rich

and the Rest, Not the Poor and the Rest
by Nancy Birdsall
Center for Global Development Working Paper 207, March 2010
38 pp. 1.0 MB:

http://www.cgdev.org/files/1423994_file_Birdsall_Indispensable_Middle_FINAL.pdf
Inclusive growth is widely embraced as the central economic goal for developing coun-
tries, but the concept is not well defined in the development economics literature. In this
paper the author argues that the concept of inclusive growth should go beyond the tradi-
tional emphasis on the poor (and the rest) and take into account changes in the size
and economic command of the group conventionally defined as neither poor nor rich,
i.e., the middle class.
***

The rise of budget support in European development cooperation: a false
panacea
by Raquel C. Álvarez
FRIDE, January 2010
5 pp. 201 kB:

http://www.fride.org/download/PB_Budget_Support_ENG_Jan10.pdf
European aid donors are delivering a higher share of development aid directly to gov-
ernments in the form of budget support. While this offers potential for enhancing local
accountability within developing states the way it is being implemented in practice is
having a negative impact.
***
Development Progress in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Botswana,

Ghana, Mauritius and South Africa
by Wim Naudé
United Nations University - World Institute for Development Econom-
ics Research, (UNU-WIDER), February 2010
10 pp. 56 kB:
http://www.wider.unu.edu/stc/repec/pdfs/wp2010/wp2010-07.pdf
Botswana, Ghana, Mauritius and South Africa are sub-Saharan African countries that
stand out for their development progress. This paper synthesizes the common ingredi-
ents of these countries’ success, and derives lessons. It concludes that smallness, land-
lockedness, tropical location, distance from world markets, racism, colonialism and other
challenges can be overcome through appropriate institutions, governance and good
economic policies.
Others
Could We? Should We? Build a GBV Prevention Movement
by Jean Kemitare, Evelyn Letiyo and Lori Michau

Gender Based Violence Prevention Network, 2009
24 pp. 738 kB:

http://www.preventgbvafrica.org/system/files/gbvbooklet.pdf
This publication shares reflections by the Gender Based Violence (GBV) Prevention
Network, a network of over 260 organisations and individuals across Africa, about the
possibilities and challenges of building a GBV prevention movement. The general con-
sensus of members seems to be that there are fragmented efforts in the region towards
GBV prevention that require more connectivity and strategy to meaningfully build a
movement.
***

Social Watch Gender Equity Index 2009
The International Secretariat of Social Watch, March 2010
5 pp. 1.7 MB:

http://www.socialwatch.org/sites/default/files/GEI2009_eng_0.pdf
Social Watch developed the Gender Equity Index (GEI) to make gender
inequities more visible and monitor their evolution at country level. To calculate the GEI
for each country, three internationally comparable gender inequity indicators are used in
the themes of education, economic participation and empowerment. Many poor coun-
tries have reached high levels of equity, even when the absolute situation of both
women and men is one of severe poverty. On the other hand, many countries with ac-
ceptable average social indicators show huge gaps between men and women.
***
Did South Korea’s Population Policy Work Too Well?
by Carl Haub
Population Reference Bureau, March 2010
Read online at: http://www.prb.org/Articles/2010/koreafertility.aspx
Many developing countries adopted policies to slow population growth in

the latter half of the 20th century in response to population growth rates
that had risen to three or more times greater than those ever observed in industrialized
countries. The success of these policies varied widely. South Korea is an example of a
former developing country whose program to lower the birth rate had an unexpected re-
sult: fertility so low that a severe decline in population size is a very real prospect.
***
RAPID Population and Development - Malawi
by Chisale Mhango, Isaac Dambula and Lilly Banda-Maliro

The Ministry of Development Planning and Cooperation, January 2010
37 pp. 4.2 MB:

http://www.healthpolicyinitiative.com/Publications/Documents/10
65_1_Malawi_booklet_2_23_10_singlepg_acc.pdf
This briefing book aims to raise awareness about the impact of rapid population growth
on Malawi’s development. It includes projections of population growth from 2008 to
2040 based on two hypothetical population scenarios. These projections demonstrate
the impact that rapid population growth can have on various sectors, such as education,
health, agriculture and food security, environment and land use, and the labour force
and employment.
***
Patient Safety Workshop: Learning from Error
by Brendan Flannigan, Rhona Flynn and team, James Ip et al.


28 pp. 4.1 MB:
http://www.who.int/patientsafety/activities/technical/vincristine_learning-from-error.pdf
This booklet should enable any health-care worker to facilitate a workshop on patient
safety. This workshop explores how multiple weaknesses present within the hospital
system can lead to error. It aims to provide all health-care workers and managers with
an insight into the underlying cause of such events. The underlying principles of why an
error occurs are universal and the learning objectives can be applied in any error-related
situation.
***
Keeping an Eye on Equity: Community Visions of Equity in Health
by R. Loewenson, T. Loewenson, B. Kaim et al.

Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and Southern Africa
(EQUINET), March 2010
68 pp. 5.1 MB:

http://www.equinetafrica.org/bibl/docs/Eye%20on%20Equity%20book2010.pdf
Photographs speak louder than words. This book presents photographs taken by com-
munity photographers in seven east and southern African countries: the Democratic Re-
public of Congo, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa and Zambia. This
work investigated, documented and implemented actions to understand and promote
equity in health. The book presents images of equity in health and of actions to improve
health.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Italian Journal of Public Health
http://www.ijph.it/#home
The Italian Journal of Public Health (IJPH) is a quarterly peer-reviewed

publication for original research and theoretical or methodological papers
within the area of public health. The above website contains all the pa-
pers in full text, which are accessible upon registration free of charge.
***
Youth InfoNet 66 – March 2010
http://www.youthwg.org/pubs/YouthInfoNet/YIN66.shtml
This issue of the monthly e-newsletter on youth reproductive health and HIV prevention
features 19 programme resources with Web links, and 14 journal article summaries on
research from Brazil, China, Ethiopia, Malaysia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and the Carib-
bean, Latin American, and Southern African regions.
***

Positive Prevention Toolkit
http://positiveprevention.ucsf.edu/
This Toolkit was created to assist health care providers and

counsellors in delivering effective Positive Prevention messages
during their routine interactions with HIV-infected clients. The
range of resources contained herein enables caregivers to choose the approaches that
will work best in their individual settings and to develop skills for effectively implementing
new programmes.
***
AidData
http://www.aiddata.org/home/index
AidData attempts to capture the universe of development finance, increase the value of
data by providing more descriptive information about development activities, provide
data in an accessible format, and strengthen efforts to improve donor and recipient stra-
tegic planning and coordination. Their goal is to create a comprehensive and up-to-date
data portal that is easy to navigate for users of all stripes.
INTERESTING WEB SITES

Africa Goal
http://www.africagoal.com/
Download the Africa Goal 2006 Exhibition Book (81 pp.

10.4(!) MB):
http://www.africagoal.com/media/africagoal_book_web.pdf
Africa Goal is an exciting and innovative project which will har-

ness the popularity of the football World Cup 2010 to address
HIV and AIDS in the region of the World most affected by the epidemic. Africa Goal
2010 will start in Nairobi, Kenya and end in Johannesburg, South Africa. The team’s
journey will follow the “AIDS Highway” through Eastern and Southern Africa, where in-
creased mobility and migration in conjunction with rising disposable incomes and the
associated escalation of transactional sex along this central transport and trade route
were a major contributor to the spread of HIV through the region.
***
Procurement & Supply Management Toolbox Update - March 2010
http://www.psmtoolbox.org
The Procurement & Supply Management (PSM) Toolbox website is a valuable resource
for health staff involved in PSM, pharmacy students and consultants worldwide. The da-
tabase contains 178 English and 58 French PSM tools and resource documents for
health commodities so far. Links to tool translations into Arabic, Chinese, Portuguese,
Spanish and Russian have been mentioned where available.
***

Development Networks - Polio Communication Forum
http://groups.comminit.com//node/304359
The space for people involved in polio communication action and stra-
tegic thinking to share knowledge and review and support each others
work.
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Free online course: ‘Introduction to Human Resources Management’
http://alison.com/courses/Introduction-to-Human-Resources
This free online business management course presents the learner

with a basic introduction to the world of human resources (HR). Using
an interactive presentation style, the lessons explore the responsibili-
ties, objectives and functions of HR and the methods for maximizing a company’s hu-
man capital returns including job analysis, recruitment and selection and performance
appraisal. The course also considers the role HR plays in employee relations and exam-
ines how to manage change in the workplace in terms of attitudes, technology and legis-
lation.
***
Mixed Methods in International Health Research
Institute of Public Health of the University of Heidelberg, Germany

19-30 July, 2010
Research in international health is becoming increasingly complex, requiring scientists

to move away from the traditional quantitative vs. qualitative methodological dichotomy.
This traditional dichotomy has proved no longer to be the most effective in providing an-
swers to the public health problems emerging both in high income and low and middle
income countries. Mixed methods research represents an opportunity to build on the
specific strengths of quantitative and qualitative research methods to foster synergies
between the two which may allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the prob-
lems at stake.
For more information see:

http://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/Mixed-Methods.114902.0.html?&FS=0
CONFERENCES
Second Conference of the African Health Economics and Policy Associa-
tion (AfHEA)
15th to 19th March 2011, Dakar, Senegal

“Toward Universal Health Coverage in Africa”
‘Universal coverage’ is understood to mean providing financial protection against health

care costs for all, as well as ensuring access to quality health care for all when needed.

All African health economists and health policy analysts, those working in Africa or on
research of relevance to Africa are encouraged to submit abstracts for the Second Con-
ference of the African Health Economics and Policy Association (AfHEA). Deadline for
submission of abstracts: 31 August 2010.
Download the “Call for abstracts” (2 pp. 144 kb) at:

http://afhea.org/conference/conference_2011/En/Call_for_abstracts_conference_AfHEA_2011.pdf
CARTOON
TIPS & TRICKS

Check suspicious files online with VirusTotal
http://www.virustotal.com/
VirusTotal is a free service that analyzes suspicious files and fa-

cilitates the quick detection of viruses, worms, trojans, and all
kinds of malware detected by more than 40 antivirus engines. If
you have a suspicious file, go to the above URL, upload the file
and see the results.
 Free, independent service
 Use of multiple antivirus engines
 Real-time automatic updates of virus signatures
 Detailed results from each antivirus engine
 Real time global statistics
***
Saving a long e-mail, as you go
Some people write long mails up in MS Word or some other Word Processor first, and
save along the way, so they can copy and past into an e-mail. There is, however, an-

other way built into Outlook, Thunderbird, and even web-based e-mail like Gmail.
With Outlook and Thunderbird, just go to File | Save or Save As and it will put it in the
“Drafts” folder. As you make changes, just hit Ctrl+S and it will update. Once you are
ready to send, double click the message in your Drafts folder to open it and click “send”.
Off it goes!
Web-based e-mail services such as AOL and Gmail usu-

ally have a similar feature. Gmail has a “Save Now” but-
ton above and below the message area. Just click it and
your message gets saved to your Drafts folder. Gmail
also auto-saves to your drafts, just in case you don’t.
Now if you get interrupted, or if you are working on a long e-mail, you can save as a
draft and avoid losing it.
***
What is a Wiki?
Our readers in Hawaii know that “wiki-wiki” means “quick”. In web-

speak they are sites where users can add and edit content. If you have
ever been to the Wikipedia for information then you have some idea
about wikis. At last check they had around 3,237,704 articles in Eng-
lish: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Each page in a wiki usually contains a large number of links to other pages .Vandalism
and spam attacks are frequent, but the administrator can usually revert to the previous
version or astute users can correct the intrusion.
Many businesses and corporations are using wikis as a way to make collaboration eas-
ier. Information can be kept up-to-date without the need for e-mails to the webmaster or
meetings. The changes can be instant - and the more people involved, the more that
can be added.
Here is an example of another interesting wiki - keep in mind that a wiki is only as good
as its collaborators: http://wikitravel.org/en/Main_Page
Yet another way that the internet is bringing people together to share ideas and informa-
tion.
Best regards,
Dieter Neuvians MD

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Health, Education, Social Protection

News & Notes 07/2010

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HESP-News & Notes - 07/2010 - page 1

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ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 25

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 26

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HESP-News & Notes - 07/2010 - page 3

by Richard G Marlink, Sara J Teitelman, eds.

Three-volume bookset, pp. 1,935 with CD-ROM, free of charge, ISBN

The bookset is recommended reading for international HIV/AIDS professionals, stu-

SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP)

by Andrew D Oxman, John N Lavis, Simon Lewin, Atle Fretheim

283 pp. 5.3 MB:

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Download chapter by chapter (159 pp.) at:

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365 pp. 2.8 MB:

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Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2009

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3 pp. 103 kB:

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Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Children

Clinical Guidelines: PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission)

National Department of Health, South Africa, 2010

by Gail Andrews, Managa Pillay, Shaidah Asmall et al.

156 pp. 1.7 MB:

by Petros Isaakidis, Marie-Eve Raguenaud, Vantha Te et al.

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Daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in severely immunosuppressed HIV-

by AS Walker, D Ford, CF Gilks et al.

9 pp. 185 kB:

Report of a Technical Consultation on Information Systems for Commu-

July 21-22, 2009; Washington, DC, USA

80 pp. 14.2 MB(!):

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by Oleksiy Ivaschenko and Peter Lanjouw

35 pp. 646 kB:

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Sexual & Reproductive Health

International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An evidence-

by Mark Richmond, Chris Castle, Ekua Yankah et al.

64 pp. 2.0 MB:

For Volume 1: “The rationale for sexuality education” see:

Postpartum Family Planning Toolkit

This toolkit provides a comprehensive collection of best practices and

The epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis in relation to sexual behaviour

by Hans Verstraelen, Rita Verhelst, Mario Vaneechoutte and Marleen Temmerman

30 pp. 304 kB:

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Female reproductive tract infections: understandings and care seeking

by Kabiru A Rabiu, Adeniyi A Adewunmi, Fatimat M Akinlusi and Oluwarotimi I Akinola

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Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 07/2010

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 07/2010