Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Volume One
A Translation of
Page 2
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Title
Author
Published by
Madrasah Inaamiyyah
P.O. Box 39
Camperdown
3720
South Africa
Tel
Fax
al_inaam@yahoo.com
Page 3
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
!" # # $% &
' ()
*%+ ,- ./0 120 3 4/5
!6)- "0
78 9: 2) ;0
bdullh Ibn bbs narrates that Raslullh said,
Love the Arabs for three things:
because I am an Arab,
the Qurn is in Arabic and
the language of the people of Jannah is Arabic.
Page 4
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 5
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Contents
Transliteration........................................................................10
Introduction............................................................................13
Reviews of this Book .............................................................17
Indications ..............................................................................25
Notes........................................................................................25
Request....................................................................................26
Translator's Note ...................................................................26
Terminology ...........................................................................28
Terminology ...........................................................................28
Lesson 1.......................................................................................31
Words and the Types of Words...........................................31
The Types of Nouns ..........................................................32
The Types of Definite Nouns...........................................33
Lesson 2.......................................................................................35
The Particles of (<=) and (>?%).......................................35
Vocabulary List No. 1 .......................................................38
Exercise No. 1.....................................................................40
Test No. 1 ............................................................................42
Lesson 3.......................................................................................44
Compounds ............................................................................44
The Adjectival Phrase .......................................................45
Vocabulary List No. 2 .......................................................47
Exercise No. 2.....................................................................49
Page 6
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*$+ ....................................64
Page 9
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Transliteration
The following method of transliteration of the Arabic letters
has been used in this book:
th
kh
dh
sh
Page 10
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
MN
ON
PN
gh
k
l
, y
Page 11
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(
)
Page 12
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
VW =X ;) ./"0 V0
Y$Z
Introduction
From the multitudes of letters which this humble writer has
received from every corner of India, there still seems to be a
fervent desire in this age to learn Arabic and to understand
the final message of Allh , namely the Qurn.
However, no primary syllabus that conformed to the times
was presented to the seekers of Arabic such a syllabus
that could increase the enthusiasm of the learners.
The ancient method of teaching Arabic and its syllabus
from the very outset made one lose courage. Even the
modern books have been deficient in creating an urge in the
student.
Experience shows that only a syllabus which has easy rules
coupled with teaching the language can increase the
enthusiasm of the student. The rules must assist the learner
in mastering the language. While learning the language, the
rules are refreshed.
Page 13
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
^_= `=
[\ ]F
That is the grace of Allh. He grants it to whoever He
desires.
All thanks are due to Allh that this book was found to
be extremely beneficial wherever it was read or taught.
Many seekers of Arabic have written that they had lost
hope after several attempts. If they had not obtained this
book, they would not have learnt Arabic.
This is the fourth edition of this book. Initially, this book
was written in two parts. Now it has been divided into four
parts so that it can serve as a proper syllabus for high
schools from the fourth class till matric.
This is the first part of the book. The lessons have been
decreased when compared to the previous editions.
However, the exercises have been increased to an extent
that they can serve the place of an Arabic reader.
Page 14
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 16
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 18
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 19
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 20
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 21
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 22
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 23
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Hanf,
Upper
Primary
School,
Page 24
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Indications
1) The inverted comma (a) is used to indicate the plural of a
noun.
2) In order to refer to a particular lesson, the lesson number
and fact number will be mentioned in brackets thus: (5-2)
meaning lesson number 5, fact no. 2.
3) The (
) of the verb is mentioned in brackets after it.
Notes
1) Do not start a new lesson until you have mastered the
previous one.
2) Translate each exercise with particular care.
3) Sometimes you may not understand a point. Remain
steadfast and seek the assistance of someone. Perhaps later
on you will understand the point yourself.
Page 25
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Request
A request is made to the teachers to study the book
thoroughly before teaching it. During your teaching stint,
you will be able to refer your students to previous lessons
easily. There is no need to memorize the rules parrotfashion. As you continuously repeat the examples, the rules
will become ingrained in your mind. You will also learn the
Arabic terms at the same time. It is appropriate to teach the
book twice. First teach it superfluously and then in detail
the second time.
Translator's Note
Translating is indeed a difficult task and I therefore do not
claim to have fulfilled the right of translating this book. I
ask the reader to overlook all shortcomings. Those
attempting to translate any work of this calibre, will realize
the great hurdles one has to overcome, especially where
there are many technical terms involved.
I have made an attempt to clarify the text as much as
possible and simplify the rules so that the beginner can
grasp them quickly. Where there was a need, I have added
explanatory footnotes.
Page 26
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 27
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Terminology
Terms
*bMM
Meanings
the diacritical points namely fathah
(cd), kasrah (Od) and dammah (ed).
ThMgMfP
j!i?P"
*Mgjfb\
fathah (cd)
lMjb
kasrah (Od)
*m$M'
dammah (ed)
j=O!j%M
j=O!j%M j!Pq
Dj!PfrVM
j!Pr?M
.j!P$j[M
OM"
Page 28
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
mYM_P
<j=OjM
jO?j%M
.P bA
<j=Ojmf
t mMP
R
.u/O
YOM0
singular
*MO%r5M
dual
wj$Mv
plural
wj$Mv j"O
jOrXM
zjOqryM
Rj0PP
jh{MdM
Rj0PP
*uOr
Page 29
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
P j0PPgrb
R
i*MgjOgm|
lM}j$M,
R0)
R0
PSMM0)
Page 30
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 1
Words and the Types of Words
1. A word having a meaning is called (*M$Ob). It is of three
types: (tj"O) noun, (jO\) - verb and (tRjM) - particle.
An (") is independent of other words in indicating its
meaning. It also does not have any tense, e.g. (PvM) man,
(tYOM) specific name, (t
jM') to hit, (t9hb) good, (M!P,)
he, (Mqb-) I.
A (\) is a word that indicates some action together with
one of the three tenses, e.g. (M
MM') he hit, (M9M,bF) he went,
(P9M,rXM=) he is going or he will go.
A (R) is a word whose meaning cannot be understood
without an (") or (\), e.g. (jO) from, (bM) on, (jO\)
in, (bO) till, (OYO{jM$r
Page 32
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
4.
5.
6. (O.u/O
7.
Page 33
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Pj"O)
Pj"O)
Page 34
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 2
The Particles of () and ()
1. The tanwn1 is generally attached to a word that is
indefinite. In this case, it is regarded as a particle that
renders a noun indefinite (>?%
R).2 It is translated as a
or an in English, e.g. (PvM) a man, (tDuVP) an apple, (p^M)
water. There is no need to translate it everywhere as in the
example of (p^M) water.
Note 1: Sometimes a proper noun also has tanwn, e.g.
(tYm$MgP), (0tj$M), (tYj=MG). In such a case, the tanwn is not
regarded as a (>?%
R).
<=f).
.A
R6)
Page 35
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
P M) the
OM
Page 36
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
= tYj=MG),
appears, it will be read as (POMr OPYj=GM ).
Note 3: The alif of (tjO), (*M%jO) and (tj"O) is also hamzatul wasl.
It is not pronounced when joined to the preceding word.
Examples: (tjO M!P,) is read as (tj
M!P,) He is a son;
When (r b) is prefixed to (tjO) and (tj"O), the lm of the (r b) is
rendered a kasrah and joined to the (
) and ((). Therefore
(PjOrb) is read as (Pj)Ob
P
j Ob). This rule is overlooked in general conversation.
6. When (r b) is prefixed to a word having one of the letters
of (*$_
R0Z) are:
LKJIH(GF4B
R0Z
Meaning
man
MjqO
tjM
house
tj$M
dates
tM$b
fruit
O,Mv
ignorant
Page 38
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tOM
learned
tMM
good, beautiful
t}j)P
bread
t(jM
lesson
t9jqbF
sin
j!P"M
messenger
lbMG
zakh
jM"
easy
jM:
thing
lbM
prayer
p^j!M'
light
t9hb
good, clean
tOb
oppressor
OM
just
tj!iVb
tO"b\
transgressor
tjO)b#
ugly
Page 39
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tj=b
noble, generous
tM)b
milk
p^M
water
tMMq
day
tYbM0
boy
O,
cat
t.j!M=
day
M0
and
j0b-
or
Exercise No. 1
Note 5: When speaking, pause on the last letter, that is, do
not read any harakah on the final letter. Read the word
(PjM)r) as (jj M)r) and (ilbm}b) as (j;bm}b). If you are reading one
word, pause on its last letter and if you are reading several
words, pause on the last word, e.g. (jM)b M0
t}j)P).
Page 40
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
0j b- tOM (5) tM)b M0 t}j)P (4) ilbm} M0 ilbm|b (3) PM$u5b (2) PjM)r (1)
(9) PM)u M0 PM$mf (8) P}j)PrM0 e^M$rb (7) PjO)b2r O0b PMMgrb (6) tO"b\
i OMrb (12) t
MfOM0 t(jM (11) P(MbVr M0 iMjqOrb (10) tOM M0 O,Mv
t(Mb\M0 M$Mv (13) POu O0b(B) Translate the following words or phrases into Arabic.
Use the definite article (r b) wherever the words are definite.
(1) a horse (2) a man (3) a man and a horse (4) bread and
water (5) a man and a fruit and a house (6) the salh and the
learned man (7) the pious one and the transgressor (8) the
man or the horse (9) the milk and the bread (10) a man and
a horse (11) the ugly one and the beautiful one (12) a cat
and a boy (13) the moon and the sun (14) the camel or the
horse.
Page 41
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Test No. 1
1. What is the definition of (*$)?
2. How many types of words are there? Define each one
with examples.
3. What is the major difference between a noun and a verb?
4. How many tenses are there?
5. From the following words, state whether the words are
("), (\) or (R).
bX, a tjO)b# a tMM a P(MbVrb a PjgMq a P9huWb a PvM a tYbM a i*u?M a tYj=MG
9. In the above-mentioned words, what type of (*\) and
(l?q) are they?
10. What is the hamzah of (r b) called?
11. Join the word (M!P,) to the words (PYbM!rb), (tj"O) and (tjO) and
read them.
Page 42
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
!q)?
Page 43
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 3
Compounds
1. A combination of two or more words is called (9uMP).
The relationship between them is called (9jOjM).
2. Compounds are of two types: (tO#Mq) incomplete and (.M)
complete.
(a) An incomplete compound (#q
9) is a combination
PvM)
is a combination of
iPvmb)
h M)
9
9)
4. A (V!
9)
PvM) a pious
word (PvM) with the
quality of piety.
5. The first part of a (V!
Page 45
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
PvM
tOM), both parts are (l?q) - indefinite. In the phrase ( iPvm
POm|), both parts are (*\) - definite.
8. The same declension (t
MjO)9 that applies to the (R!!)
9)
Page 46
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Meaning
garden
MfjP
tjgM
sea
tjWO
melon
tjO)b
big, large
tjO$M
deep
j=OM
bad
tDuVP
apple
mP
pomegranate
tNOM:
street
tj|b#
palace
MgM
place
tYO{jM
mosque
t]OM
king
tj)Pv
cheese
tbb#
pen
Page 47
tjM0
rose
tYhMv
good
t!rP
sweet
tj=OM
broad
tYjO_M
strong
t<jOMq
clean
twjO"M0
wide
tjOM
great
tjOM0- tOM
salty
tjOM
small
PM$j-
red
Page 48
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Exercise No. 2
(A) Translate the following phrases into English:
P jOm| PjM)rb (4) tjOM tj|b# (3) Pj=Ob?r i j!P"m (2) PjOMr e
b (1)
(9) tOM t]OM (8) P!rPgr Pj$mfb (7) t!rP tj$M (6) t<jOMq MfjP (5)
OPYm$MgP (12) P9huW iPvmb (11) t9hb jM: (10) POM$r PjgM)rb
(16) tjO)b# PvM (15) tjOM t9jqbF (14) tj!iVb
M (13) i j!P"m
P]OM$r M0 POm| iPvm (18) t!rP tj$M 0M tYhMv t}j)P (17) ij=Om Pj)P{rb
PM$jbyr PjM!rb (21) P!rPgr PjWO)rb (20) PM$j- tDuVP (19) Pj=Ob?r
(B) Translate these phrases into Arabic:
(1) the strong place (2) the small house (3) a beautiful flower
(4) the ugly man (5) the broad street (6) a pious man (7) the
sweet milk (8) the just king (9) the great palace (10) the easy
lesson (11) a beautiful horse (12) a sweet fruit (13) the small
place (14) the good horse (15) the wide house (16) the good
bread or the good milk (17) a pious boy and a transgressing
boy (18) the large musjid and the small garden.
Page 49
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 4
Gender
1. Arabic words are of two types with regards to gender: (1)
(tubXP) masculine and
(2) (zmqM`P) feminine, e.g. (tjO) son is masculine and (*M%jO)
daughter is feminine.
10
Page 50
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tJjb-
earth
t jM
war
tj$M
wine
tM
house
tj=O
wind
Page 51
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tSj!P"
market
tj$M:
sun
tMq
fire
trVMq
soul
Meaning
city
lMYrM
11
PjO?Mgrb
wise
tYj=OYM:
severe
Page 52
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tSOM
truthful
twOb
rising
j=O!b
tall, long
t Ob
setting
*M[j=Ob\
obligatory
i*M$Ob\
name of a woman
i1ji2rb
the Qurn
tjO|b#
short
t9rb#
heart
OM$rWP
peaceful
lMYb#j`P
ignited
tjMq
river
Exercise No. 3
(A) Translate these phrases into English
lMYj=OYM: tj=O (4) PjO?Mgrb i1ji2rb (3) *bj=O!b *bjb (2) i*m%OM$rWP$r PrVm%b (1)
Page 53
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
t Mq (8) *M$jOM tM (7) tj!iVb
M M0 *M)hb lMYrM (6) i OMr i*bVjOMrb (5)
(12) i*M%MMgr P(j0PMrb (11) i*b#Om| OPYj%O, (10) *MgOM *M%jO (9) lMYb#j!P
i*M$Ob\ (14) i*M[j=ObVr ilbm|b (13) P9OMr PM$b2r M0 i*MOuW Pj$m_b
POm_ i*b\Mb (17) *bj=O!b t
jM (16) %jPgr i*M%jOrb (15) e^Mj,m}
i*MuMr OPYjO:M (18)
(B) Translate these phrases into Arabic:
(1) a beautiful girl (2) the pious caliph (3) the wise man (4)
the obligatory zakh (5) an obligatory salh (6) a short night
(7) the big day (8) the good thing (9) the ugly bride (10) the
setting sun and the rising moon (11) the severe wind (12)
the long river (13) the long war (14) the short hand (15) the
peaceful heart (16) Muhammad, the pious (17) the very
learned Ftimah.
Page 54
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 5
Singular and Plural
1. In Arabic, words are of three categories with regards to
number:
singular (tMrVP
j0b- tYOM0),
man.
dual (*MO%r5M), indicating two, e.g. (Ob/PvM) two men.
plural (twj$Mv), indicating more than two, e.g. ( MvO) more
than two men.
2. The dual12 is formed by adding (O
nominative case13 or (Oj=
cd)
to
Although the author has referred the student to a future lesson, at this
point, it will be sufficient for him to remember that there are two forms of the
dual: one is with alif and nn and the second with y and nn. Lesson 10 will
explain where to use which one.
13 w\ * This will be discussed in Lesson 10.2.
12
14
Page 55
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
c_)
and (Oj=
c_)
Mbj)b# M t<OblMj!Pr?M j!PqM0 *Mj!PfrVM) and (lMj!Pr?M j!PqM0 *Mj!PfrVM Mbj)b# M p^M=). We
*)
- the
Page 56
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
cd)
(tPjqb-), (PvM)
(t9M_M)
( MvO), (tj=OGM0)
Page 57
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Pj"O).
Examples:
(t.j!b#) a nation, (j,M) a group.
These words are generally used like plurals in sentences,
e.g. (bj!PgOM
17
Since the word (j!Pq) is feminine in Arabic, the adjective also has to be
Page 58
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Ojb Pwj$Mv)
Y0
( t.m=b-
Meaning
future
jOrb
*M=1
*M%hM
clear, manifest
jUOM{rb
current (present)
jO'M$rb
past
lMM
t.OM
servant
tGm)M
baker
Intelligent beings are humans, angels and jinn. All other creations fall in the
category of unintelligent beings (oO#M Pjb).
18
Page 59
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
KmM
tailor, seamstress
M)jM
tired, exhausted
b/jMG
displeased
tjM:
month
b/jb
lazy
t9ObA
playing
twObA
shining
Kj!Pj)M
cheerful
tYOMfj{P
diligent
tYm%MP
supported
j!Pj_M
busy, preoccupied
tOrP
dark
tMP
teacher
tjO%P
bright
tm{Mq
carpenter
Page 60
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Exercise No. 4
(A) Translate these phrases into English
Page 61
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Test No. 2
(1) What is a (9x)?
(2) How many types of compounds are there? Define each
one and provide examples.
(3) What is (V!
9x)
20
MM
21
tM)b
22
t9M%O
tj$M:
tM$b#
bj!P%O"
MvO
OMfj%O
tJjb-
t jM
twO\Mq
tOM
t!rP
t.m=b-
t9Pfi
*M=OMv
*MO'M
23
tm0MYP
tjO%P
honey
milk
22 grapes
23 round
20
21
Page 63
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 6
Sentences with a Noun -
1. You have read that a complete statement is called a
sentence (*). See 3.2. Remember that sentences are of two
types: (*@
A (*@
Page 64
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*)
and (
9x
V!) is that in the latter, both the parts are the same in
being definite or indefinite while in the former, the first part
is definite and the second part is indefinite. Consequently,
in the above-mentioned example, if an indefinite noun takes
the place of the word (tYj=MG) and you say (tMM
PvM), or you
render the second word (tMM) definite by adding (r b) to it,
and say (PMMgr OPYj=MG), both these will become adjectival
phrases (V! 9x).
However, when the second part of a (*@
Mqb-) I am Ysuf.
Page 65
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
9x).
not there.25
3. The first part of a (*@
Ojb Pwj$Mv)
25
Page 66
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tSOM iPvmb
Ob#OM ObPvmb
bj!i#OM i Mvhb
Meaning
The man is
truthful.
The two men
are truthful.
The men are
truthful.
*b#OM ilb-jM$rb
The woman is
truthful.
OMfb#OM O Mb-jM$rb
Type of Subject
singular,
masculine,
intelligent
dual, masculine,
intelligent
plural,
masculine,
intelligent
singular,
feminine,
intelligent
dual, feminine,
intelligent
plural, feminine,
intelligent
singular,
feminine, nonintelligent
dual, feminine,
non-intelligent
plural, feminine,
non-intelligent
9x)
- adjectival
phrases.
6. If there are two subjects and they are of different types,
that is, one is masculine and one feminine, the predicate
will be masculine, e.g. (OM%MM
Meaning
The good man is
present.
Zaid is a good
man.
Analysis
The subject is
(V!
9x).
The predicate is
(V!
*),
9x).
it changes from
Page 68
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*),
e.g. (oOMO tYj=MG M) Zaid is not learned; (ojO)b# oPvMO tYj=MG Mjb)
Zaid is not a bad person.
9. Very often the word (uO) is prefixed to a (*@
result, the subject changes to (9|%
*)
*). As a
- the accusative
Meaning
or (in a question)
j.btb2M
cow
bM
Page 69
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tYj=OYMv
new
YOv
very
tYOb# a tOMv
sitting
t(OM
guard, sentry
lM:
sheep
jO\
elephant
tOb#
standing
tj=OYb#
old
t9rb
dog
tRj0PjM a tj!Pj_M
famous
tOj`P
believer
jMMq
yes
tjM'
thick
Page 70
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
i*Mj!i\jM$r POM$m[b)
Third Person
t9Ob
Masculine
Feminine
singular
M!P,
he , it
dual
M$P,
they
plural
jP,
they
singular
MO,
she, it
dual
M$P,
they
plural
mP,
they
Page 71
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Second Person
tO'M
Masculine
Feminine
singular
Mqjb
you
dual
M$Pfjqb
you
plural
jPfjqb
you
singular
Oqjb
you
dual
M$Pfjqb
you
plural
mPfqjb
you
tb?MfP
bqb
PjgMq
We
Page 72
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Exercise No. 5
Note 7: When speaking, pause (waqf) at the end of sentences
as mentioned in Exercise No. 1. However, initially, continue
writing all the harakt.
(A)
(4) tOb# M!P, jMMq a tOb# PYbM!r OM, (3) *MOMv i*M%jOrb (2) tOb# PYbM!rb (1)
tGm)M M!P, a tGm)M j.b- tm{Mq iPvm bX,b- (5) *MOMv MO, bA a *M$Ob# i*M%jOr OM,
jfPjqb rM, (7) tRj0PjM tOM: M!P, jMMq a tOM: i*b\Mbb- (6) om{M%O M!P, M
jMMq tBM$MP mP, rM, (8) bj!P$MP PjgMq rM MjOsMMO PjgMq M bj!imM
Mqb- M jO?b P<P"j!P= Mqb- i*Mu/Mr P<P"j!P= Mjqb-b- (9) tBMgOM tBM$MP mP,
OM, (11) lMYOfMj{P *M$MP MO, bA *Mqb/jb *M$MP P9M%j=MG rM, (10) o*Mu/MO
owb\Mq oM!MMgO Pb2M)r Mjbb- (12) *bVjOMq tBMM MO, jMMq *bVjOMq PBMMgr
uO (14) 4OM M!MM M9rb?r uO (13) YOv twb\Mq M!MM Pb2M)r bM
Page 73
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
uO (16) OMfMOMv 29OjMfMgOm| OjMb-jM$r uO (15) *MOMv b*MgOm| blb-jM$r
bj0PYOMfj{P 30OBM$MP$rM0 MjO$MP$r
(B) Fill in the blanks which represent a subject or predicate
with suitable words that you have studied.
P mYb
OMgOm| OMYbM!rb
O
Mjb PjM)rb
*Mqb/jb
Pm{m% OM,
MqbM!P, jMMq
M$P,
b/jb
OM,
j.-b
i*M%Or OM,
O
P9rb?r Mjbb29
30
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
See 5.2.
See 5.2.
Page 74
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
P rb?r M0
9
t(OM
i*bmMrM0
tjM'
j.b-
ilM_b
bM
iKmMrb
ijOVrb
PYbM!r bX,bi*cb#Om| ilb-jM$rb
tYOMfj{P
uO
OMfM%jOrb
OMfMqb/jb
uO
tBMYOMfj{P
uO
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
Page 75
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 76
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 7
The Genitive of Possession
(
)
t9uMP
O\M'O). Examples:
(oYj=MG P
MfO) the book of Zaid or Zaids book
(o*m[O\ PMM) the ring of silver
(Ojm% e^M) the water of the river.
2. Such a relationship between the two nouns is known as
(i*b\M'Orb).
3. The first part of ('
tRM[P)
in one
the leader; (O j=OGM!r Oj OjM P
M) - the door of the house of the
ministers son.
The middle (OjbO
tRM[P)
31
See 3.8.
Page 78
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tRM[P)
Olb-jM$r P.b/i)
Adjective of the
(tRM[P)
32
Page 79
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Adjective of the
(OjbO tRM[P)
Adjective of the
(tRM[P)
Adjective of the
(OjbO tRM[P)
Note: More rules of (i*b\M'Orb) are discussed in Lesson 11.
Meaning
lion
tYM"b*MbO
obedience
Page 80
iFj!Pb-
I seek refuge
bAb-
listen, beware
*M$r?O
wisdom
tYj$M
praise
t9O,bF
going
t(r-M
head
iM$jM
very beneficent
tjOM
very merciful
tjOvM
rejected one
tCj0MG
husband
*Mvj0MG
wife
MM" 0- jP"
anger
bWrP"
king, overpowering
p^M$M"
sky
t9bb
to seek
t9jO
fragrance
O
shadow
Page 81
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tj=OYb#
very powerful
i
every, each
ojM: i
everything
tjgb
meat
(*!!) M
whatever
*b\MM
fear
l1jO
mirror
trO
salt, salty
MjOq
to forget
OMYOM0
parents
t}OM a t}jM
goat
i*b\1
calamity
MjOq
forgetfulness
OM
just
tSjM: 0- tSOj_M
east
t jb 0- t OjM
west
Page 82
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
O
jO\
Meaning
with,
in
in
Example
oPvMO
ojM jO\
Meaning
Example
with a
man
in a
house
Obb2rO
j O\
OMfjP)r
Meaning
with
the pen
in the
garden
bM
on
oM)Mv bM
on a
mountain
bM
OHjMr
on the
throne
jO
from
oYj=MG jO
from
Zaid
M O
OYO{jM$r
bO
to, till
oYbM bO
to a city
bO
O*b\j!i?r
from
the
musjid
till
Kufah
for, to
oYj=M}O
for Zaid
P ri#
oYj=M}O
I said
to Zaid
MT
like,
oPvMb
like a
man
OYM"byrb
similar
to the
lion
oYj=MG jM
from
Zaid
jM
similar
from
Page 83
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Exercise No. 6
(A) Translate the following into English:
*i MbO (5) O(MbVr iiFi- (4) OlM_ Pjgb (3) Ob2M)r PM)b (2) OjgM)r e^M (1)
(9) OjM)r M0 S
O j! jO\ (8) Oj$m_ e^j!M' (7) O
PjM (6) Oj=MYOM!r
(13) O(j0PMrO (12) OrO$r M0 O^M$rO (11) O(MbVrb (10) OYO{jM$r bO
(16) OM)hb OlM_ Pjgb M0 Ob2M)r PM)b (15) trO OjgM)r e^M (14) oMqb- jM
bO bj!P)O,bF PjgMq (18) O(j0PMrO P9jWb (17) tj!P$jgM OYbM!r Pj"O
OOjP$r il1jO POjP$rb (20) hO"ji?r bM tOMv PMP$rb (19) O*M"MjYM$r
(23) iMjh% OrOr i*b\1 (22) Oj=MYOM!r OjP" jO\ h
m iMM" (21)
OJjbyr O\ O
O b OMr bbWr uO (24) O
i*b\MM O*M$r?Ogr P(r-M
P9rb?r Mjb (26) o*M$OjP M0 oOjP i bM *M[j=Ob\ OrOr P9bb (25)
O j!P"M oYm$MgP Pj%O i*M$Ob\ (28) oYj=M}O i M$r Mjb (27) OYM"byrb
iFj!Pb- (29) OMO OM%jO PjMPgrM0 PMMgrM0 a OM i*Mvj0MG MO, O
OxO PYj$Ogrb (31) OjOm OM$jm O
OjO (30) OjOvm ObWjm_ MO O
O
ojM: i bM c
uO (33) P
OjM$rM0 PSOj_M$r OxO M0 (32) MjO$bMr h
M
. OJjbyr O\ M M0 OBM0M$m O\ M OxO uO bAb- (34) tj=OYb#
Page 84
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 85
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Test No. 3
(1) What is the difference between (*@
*) and ( *
*\)?
(2) What is the difference between (*@
V!)?
(3) How many parts does a (*@
part called?
(4) What is the (
)33 of the subject and the predicate?
(5) What is the Arabic term for the attaching word?
(6) In how many factors does the predicate correspond
to the subject?
(7) If there are two subjects of different kinds in a
sentence, which one is considered for the predicate?
(8) What effect does the word (uO) have on the subject?
(9) Attach (uO) to a dual word and a sound masculine
and feminine plural word and read it.
(10) How is a negative meaning and one of interrogation
created in a (*@
*)?
33
Page 86
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*).
In grammar, a set of all the (especially inflected) forms of a word (e.g. write,
writes, wrote, writing, written), especially when used as a model for all other
words of the same type.
34
Page 87
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 8
The Scales of Words
1. In Arabic, the original letters of nouns and verbs are not
less than three. The maximum number of letters in a noun is
five, and four in a verb. Together with the original letters,
extra letters can also be attached. At such a time, the noun
and the verb can have more than five letters.
Note 1: The original letter or root letter is the one that
remains in all the forms and derivations. Only in some
exceptions is it deleted or changed to another letter.
The extra letter is the one that is found in one word-form
but not in another, e.g. in the word (tYj$M), all three letters
are root letters while in (tYOM), the alif and in (tj!P$jgM), the
first (.) and the (0) are extra letters.
2. Words having three root-letters are called (Ob/i), e.g.
(t(Mb\) and (M
MM').
If they have four root-letters, they are called (OMP), e.g.
(OVrO\) and (MCMjM).
Page 88
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Ob/i)
tYj=O}M), e.g.
letters.
(t)b?M) is (OjO\
35
Ob/i).
Hence, the
These are nouns that are derived from the verb, e.g. (Ob\) and ( j!PrVM) are
Page 89
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
") - tOMq,
the ( !V ") - tj!P|j%M and the verbal noun (lMj|Pq) will also
be regarded as (tmM{P Ob/i) although these forms have extra
letters.
Similarly, in a paradigm, extra letters appear in a (tmM{P)
word which will still remain (tmM{P). For example, the word
Page 90
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tdbdb#
t<dOfdb
tYdP[dM
t9drdb
dMdb\
dOdb\
dPdb\
djdb\
tdbVdjdMv
dMvjdbVdM"
dbdjdb\
dbdrdMdb\
Page 91
tdj)dO
tdjdO)db
PdM)drb-
tdjdO)dr?dM
djdO\
djdOdb\
idMdr\b-
djdOdrVdM
PjM
Exercise No. 7
What are the scales of the following words:
t<j=OM: (3)
tRMM: (2)
PvM (1)
tTj!iP (6)
t]OM (5)
tRMj:b- (4)
iM$jM (9)
tjOM (8)
tjM (7)
t.MO (12)
tj=Ob (11)
t.Mb (10)
e^M$bP (15)
tOM (14)
trO (13)
tbVj%M[b (18)
t Mr2M (17)
bj!P$OM (16)
tjOjM (21)
MuM (20)
*Mu/M (19)
t.Mr O (24)
th)b?MfP (23)
t)b?M (22)
Page 93
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 9
The Broken Plural
1. It was mentioned previously that there is no rule to
construct the broken plural (6?
(Yo bM0 Pwj$Mv) tbAj0b(o(Mb\ Pwj$Mv) t(Mr\b(o<j=OM: Pwj$Mv) tRMj:b(oWb M Pwj$Mv) tbWjb(o#r M0 Pwj$Mv) tBb#j0b-
: Mr\b- ()
: Pi\ ()
Page 95
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
: Pr\b- (;)
Page 96
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
e^b/Or\b- (G)
This scale is generally used for the adjectives of intelligent
beings which are on the scale of (j Ob\) as in:
(oj=OYM Pwj$Mv) e^b#OYjb(O)Mq Pwj$Mv) e^MO)jqb(o9jO)M Pwj$Mv) 37e^m)Ob(o9=jOb# Pwj$Mv) e^MOr#b(O%b Pwj$Mv) e^MO%rb(OM0 Pwj$Mv) e^MOj0b(o(Ob\ Pwj$Mv) M"ji\ : b/ji\ (D)
(Yo bM Pwj$Mv) MYrP
(o9jO[b# Pwj$Mv) M)j[i#
(oP|j%P Pwj$Mv) POM%M : iOMb\ (K)
37
The original was (e^M)O)jb-). The reason why it has changed into (e^m)Ob-) will be
explained later.
Page 97
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 98
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
: iObVM ( )
This scale is specific with those words that are on the scale
of (MrVM), (OrVM) or (*bMrVM).
MrVO) or ( j!PrVM).
(tDMfrVO Pwj$Mv) PjObVM
(o
j!Pfr?M Pwj$Mv) P9jOb?M
Pjb)38.
38
Page 99
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*M) nominative case and (MjO%M) in (+0 9|% *M) accusative and genitive cases. Its broken plural is (p^M%jb-).
The plural of (*M%jO) is (tBM%M).
The plural of (tEb-) is (M!jO) or (lM!jO).
The plural of (tji-) is (tBM!Mb-).
The plural of (lb-MjO) is (p^MOq) or (lM!jqO).
The plural of (.i-) is (tBMmi-).
the
the
Page 100
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tO"M
Meaning
scowling, frowning
tJMjb- a tjM
some, part of
tOb
fixed, established
MjOv a tMv
neighbour
tYj=OYM
iron
tjM
good
Page 101
e^MbVP" a tjOV"
ambassador
tRj!PP" a t<jM"
sword
tUM:
tea
Kj0PP: a KjM:
condition
t MO a t9jM
difficult
M!O a j=O!b
long, tall
Arabian
QOb\
empty
twOb#
cutting, sharp
i*MOMr i*M"MjYM$rb
high school
jO2mfP$rb
pious
twjOWP
obedient
tmbWP
pure, clean
iOM!M a *bOj!M
advice
lMO'Mq
fresh
lMOMq
looking
PObVMq a tjOVMq
precious
Page 102
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
twO\Mq
beneficial
t.m=b- a t.j!M=
a day
M.j!Mrb
today
oXOMj!M=
on that day
*M%j=OG
beauty
tBMO#M
remaining, permanent
PBMgOm| PBMO#M)rb
tDMO a tjP
PjOvM%b\ a M{j%O\
cup
PCObVM" a MvjbVM"
quince
Exercise No. 8
(A) In the under-mentioned examples, the adjective or
predicate of unintelligent beings is used mostly as singular
feminine. Translate the following phrases or sentences into
English.
MvO (4) tMO PbAj0brb (3) i*O\m% P.j!iPrb (2) *bj=O!b t.b/r#b- (1)
Page 103
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(8) *bjM" tSPi (7) i*M)jm| iKj0P_b (6) *M)jM P9Pfi?rb (5) bj!PgOM
(11) i*MjO"M!r iPYP$r MO, (10) i*MfOu5 PSj!i2Pgrb (9) lMmbWP t<PgP
(14) tBMmi- mP, (13) tBM$OjP p^MOq (12) OYj=OYMgr MO i M!W PDMhb
(16) bj!PjOWP OBM%M)rM0 MjO%M)r uO (15) bj!POMv PBM!MbyrM0 iM!jOrb
MO O^MM_ PjM (18) MjO)OMO jP, M (17) M.j!Mr bj0PO'M e^MbV
M
b/O?r uO (20) *MObA i*MjOVm% PO,M!M{rb (19) MjO#Om| MjOgOm|
j,P (22) *MO\Mq i*M%MMgr iOM!M$rb (21) OmY O
M bM *MOMv b*M"OMgr
MO bj!P$MP O*MOMr O(OMYM$r O\ (23) OM$jm PM)O PjgMqM0 OMjqOr PYjO)M
PSj!i2P (25) OUm_ OjOvM%bVO i*bObVr Pj=OM%m|b (24) OM)O?r O^M$bPr
uO (27) lM!rP PCObVM" OjOMM)r O\ (26) O^MOr#byr OSj!i2Pgb OMjO{r
M0 lMOMq MhM bO lMO'Mq oXOMj!M= t;j!PvP0 (28) oj!PPM0 oBm%Mv O\ MjO2mfP$r
PBMO#M)rM0 MjqY OlMMgr i*M%j=OG bj!P%M)rM0 i M$rb (29) lMO"M oXOMj!M= t;j!PvP0
. M]hM MYj%O tjM PBMgOm|
(B) Reply to these questions in Arabic, e.g.
Page 104
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 105
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Test No. 4
(1) What is a (-
R)?
Y=}):
>)?
(tjgM), (lb-MjO-), (*M%M"), (tEb-), (Y
t j)M),
Page 107
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 10
The Cases of Nouns
1. The change in case of a noun due to the change in
vowelling of the final consonant is called (
) declension.
Declension is of two types: one is (*bMMgrO
) which is
)
*) - in the
it is
Page 108
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*) the
it, in (9|% *) the
and in (6+ *), the
If the noun is indefinite, the dammatain will be read on the word. However,
if the noun is definite, only one dammah will be read on it.
39
Page 109
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
oYOM
bO
j!Pfr?M
tYj=MG
bM"jb-
0
R
v
6+ *
This is a (*\
!V
\
*
9|%
*
w\
\
Example no. 2
O^Mh%
bO
MO
i Mvh
bM"jb-
0
6+ *
R
v
!V
\
*
9|%
*
w\
\
Page 110
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Example no. 3
oYOM
O(Mb\
bM
)OM
tYj=MG
c^Mv
R[ R[
R
v
\
*
9|%
*
w\
\
0
6+ *
This is a (*\
Page 111
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
cd)
will be
(OjMb-jM$r
cases, e.g.
(M$P,b/O
5. If a word is (
in (6+0
9|% *).
Page 113
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(O M)rbyr
If the word has (r b), only one dammah or kasrah will be read as is apparent
Page 114
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*
6+0)
while in (9|%
*),
w\ *
them.
Examples:
Sentence
jO'b2rb c^Mv
jO'b2r P.b/i c^Mv
MO'b2r Pj=b-M
Meaning
The judge
came
The slave of
the judge
came.
I saw the
judge.
Case
w\ *
6+ *
9|% *
Page 116
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
M), etc. in (6+0 w\ *) and (O'b#), (OM) etc. in ( *
9|%).
Their sound plurals (
*)
and (OjM'
O b#), (OjMOM) etc. in (
*
6+0 9|%).
Nouns that can be declined by the changing of the final
vowels or letters are called (
MP$rb) and words whose final
vowels are static are called (O%j)M$rb)41. There are few nouns
that are (O%j)M$rb). The (l:8
41
Because it is incorrect to say (O%j)M), the term (O%j)M$rb) has been used. If one
Page 117
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*!\ $[)
nominative detached
Meaning
doorkeeper
t
m!M
tM$rb- a tM$b
fruit
M)Mv
mountain
M$Mv
camel
OBMqM!MMgr i*b2j=OYM
Pj=O0M0M a M!j=O
government office
PjObM a uP
shop
)OM
mounted
tSM!j"b- a tSj!P"
tBMmM" a lMmM"
car, vehicle
tYhM"
leader, master
Page 118
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
lMYhM"
*bOb\
distance
t;Ob\
agile, swift
r5m$i
guava
mP
pomegranate
tj!P"i- a tYM"b-
lion
tm=M}P
beautified
M|P
she camel
*M,j}Pq
walk, stroll
MYjM
field
lMj)O
admonition, lesson
Exercise No. 9
(A) Translate into English
Only those verbs which were used in the examples of the
previous lessons have been used in this exercise. Verbs will
be discussed in Lesson 14.
Page 119
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
O M)r MYj%O tOb# P
m!M)rb (3) bj0PO'M ilbXOb/mfb (2) tO'M iXjO$rhfb (1)
MO tj!P$jgM c^Mv (5) OM{MgrO )rb PYbM!r M
MM' (4) tOMv P9rb?rM0
O*b2j=OYO jO\ YM"b- tYOM Ub-M (6) Ol/m|O OYO{jM$r bO M9M,bFM0 O*M"MjYM$r
M9M,bFM0 PYM$jb- c^Mv (8) qmP tYOMM0 r5m$i jgM= bbb- (7) OBMqM!MMgr
(10) OlMmm O\ oBM)OM jOj,O bO e^M%h M9M,bF (9) Ojb?OM' tYm$MgP
(11) OYjOr OlbM|O uM|P$r bO MjO)O,bF OBM$OjP$r M0 MjO$OjP$r Pj=b-M
tjMq OMYjM)r O\ (12) O*M,j}sP%b Oj|Mr MYjM OMfjP)r bO PBM%M)rM0 bj!P%M)r P9M,rXM=
c^Mv (14) O*m%M{r O\ O^Mh% ilMYhM" i*M$Ob\ (13) O*bjvhYO tRj0PjM oMv
O\ OjMOMv OjbOM OjMO'b# Pj=b-M (15) O(MbVr bM )OM OM oJb#
bj!iOM bj!P'b# jP, rM bA (17) bj!P$Ob bj!P'b# jP, rM, (16) OM!j=hY
Oj=MYbM!r b/O M9M,bF (19) jMOM$OO tRj0Pj M o M M)Mv OYj%Or O\ (18)
M$OjbO YjOM"M0 /jOM Pj=b-M (20) O*MOMr O*M"MjYM$r bO OjMfj%O)r MfrOM0
OM|jbyr O0iyO lMj)Ob M]bbF j O\ uO (21) OMYjM$r O\ OjM)ObA
(B)
R)
Page 120
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
ilbXO b/mf0
ilbXOM"byrb- (1)
bM *MOMv
( 2)
bM )OM
c^Mv (3)
O
M)r
OMv "OM
b-M (4)
OYj%Or O\
Mjqb( 5)
*M=OMv
OYj%Or O\ (6)
bO
M9M,bF rM, (7)
jO\ /jO\ M0 YM"b(8)
bM
OM
( 9)
OjM)OM
M0
(10)
Oj
bO
P9M,rXM= (11)
O*M)jb?r M.Mbb*u?M
bM$r5P
(12)
(C)
Page 122
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 11
The Genitive of Possession
( )42
1. When the (*%5d) dual and (
42
w\ *
9|% *
+ *
originally was
originally was
the doors of
the two
houses of a
man.
originally was
(OMfjM)
(OjMfjM)
(OjMfjM)
Page 123
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
w\ *
9|% *
+ *
O$MP Pj=b-M
OYbM!r
I saw the
the house of
teachers of the the teachers of
boy.
the boy..
originally was originally was
(MjO$MP)
(MjO$MP)
2. When the words (t
b- - father)43, (tEb- - brother)44 and (tb\ mouth)45 are related to any other word besides the pronoun
of the singular first person (?f
will be as follows:
43
44
The dual of (t b-) is (OM!Mb-), (Oj=M!Mb-) and the plural is (p^M1).
45
46
Besides these three words, there are another three words which follow the
same pattern. They are (tM), (tM,) and (j0iF). These six words are known as (
^M@-
l? *f").
Page 124
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
w\ *
9|% *
+ *
j!Pb-
Mb-
jOb-
!j Pb-
Mb-
jOb-
j!i\
b\
jO\
Note 1: The word (j0iF) meaning person, owner, etc. has the
same three forms. However, it is only related to a visible
noun (,
Examples:
w\ *
9|% *
+ *
o M j0iF
o M bF
o M jUOF
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 126
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*|f $[)
Third Person (9Ob)
Masculine
Feminine
PPMfO
singular
M$PPMfO
dual
jPPMfO
plural
bPMfO
singular
M$PPMfO
dual
mPPMfO
plural
M]PMfO
singular
M$i?PMfO
dual
ji?PMfO
plural
O]PMfO
singular
M$i?PMfO
dual
mi?PMfO
plural
Page 127
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
jOMfO
singular
M%PMfO
dual, plural
R0). Such a
(R |f 0 >$[) the
Page 128
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Pb
singular
M$Pb
dual
jPb
plural
Mb
singular
M$Pb
dual
mPb
plural
M]b
singular
M$i?b
dual
ji?b
plural
O]b
singular
M$i?b
dual
mi?b
plural
Page 129
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
jO
singular
M%b
dual, plural
In the same way, one can attach the particle (O
), (jO), (bM),
(bO), etc. and form a similar paradigm.
Hereunder follow examples of the particles (O
), (jO), (bM)
and (bO) attached to the pronouns:
Page 130
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
OO
Pj%O
ObM
OjO
M$OO
M$Pj%O
M$OjM
M$OjO
jOO
jPj%O
jO jM
jOjO
MO
Mj%O
MjM
MjO
M$OO
M$Pj%O
M$OjM
M$OjO
mOO
mPj%O
mO jM
mOjO
M]O
M]j%O
M]jM
M]jO
M$i?O
M$i?j%O
M$i?jM
M$i?jO
ji?O
ji?j%O
ji?jM
ji?jO
O]O
O]j%O
O]jM
O]jO
M$i?O
M$i?j%O
M$i?jM
M$i?jO
mi?O
mi?j%O
mi?jbM
mi?jbO
jO
jh%O
bM
bO
M%O
m%O
M%jbM
M%jbO
R0)
is
PRjM)
is used before
('
PRjM) - vocative
Page 132
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
man.
If the (M%P$rb) is (R[), a fathah will be read on the final
letter of the (R[), e.g. (O(m%
MYhM" M=).
If the (M%P$rb) has ( ), the particle (M=b-) for masculine and
(MPfdm=b-) for feminine should be attached to it, e.g.
(iPvm
lady.
Meaning
Bakrs father, name of a
person
in front
Page 133
M%dmqO a mqO
undoubtedly we
oO:M, j!P%M
tMfM
t<rM
behind
PO,MM a tM,jO
PjOqMqM a tM%j=O
t9M,bF
gold
twOvM
returning
tYjO:M
rational
*MM"
M%j"b- a O"
tMjb- a tjO
in-laws
iOM)b# a *bjO)b#
tribe
MYj%O
by
tongue, language
MjgM
life
Page 134
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
lM$M
death
t]PPq
worship, sacrifice
tO"M0
dirty
Exercise No. 10
(A) Take special note of the (
) of each word in the
following sentences:
MPfdm=b- O
PYj)M jO$j"O rM bA Oj=Ob?r PYj)M M]P$j"O rM, ! PYbM0 M=
. ilMYhm
j!%PM PjgMq jOMYhM" M= jMMq oO:M, jO%M jO Mjqb- rM, O
MYj)M M=
. oO:M,
. iFMfj"iyr M=b- jOMfO bX, jMMq OM$jm MYj)M M= M]PMfO bX, b. M%PfjM rM jPPfjM bX, Mjb bA M]Ob2b\P PjM bX, rM,
jOb- P
MfO M!P, bM M]jO b- P
MfO bX, Mjb b. OM!Mb- jO jUOFMfj"i- M= jMMq ijOM M= tEb- M]b rM,
. ilMjOm| jOfji- MO, jMMq ilMjOm| M]Pfji- MO, rM,
.OM$jm OYj)M j!Pb- M!P, bA oYm$MgP j!Pb- bX, b-
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Page 135
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
. O*M"MjYM$r O\ tjO\M jO oYm$MgP j!Pb- jMMq oYm$MgP Mb- Mj=b-M b. OjOb- P
MfO M!P, jMMq oYm$MgP jOb- P
MfO bX, rM,
. o M$vM M0 orO MM0bF P;Mfj%O jMMq oYOM jMfj%O Mj=b-M rM,
. OMfbVjOMq MUMYM= jMMq OMfbVjOMq MTMYM= rM,
. *MjOVMq jPPMO jMMq *MjOVMq ji?jO$MP P
MO rM,
. O9M,uX MO *MM" jhi- MYj%O M0 jMMq o*[
m O\ i*MM" MTMYj%O rM,
.PjOqMqM OjbO jOM0 PO,MM Pb bM jMMq PO,MM 47Pb M]jbM rM,
bO OM)O,bF M$P, rM bA b*bj$M: bO PPfj%OM0 O]OM$r Pj M9M,bF rM,
. M1MMYjM
. jPPOM O.j!b2r PYhM"
. M%j"b- M0 MO (M%O$b\ jO\ j0b-) M%jO\ jO\
. UOYj%O, M%PqMO M0 OMM ji?PqMO
. O
PYj)M PjO)b?r OOr?M jOb- PjO
M0 MuM"M0 OjbM e
uM O
O j!P"M MjO M$P, PM$P M0 or?M j!Pb. P;M%MfM OMM0 iM$r5P
. bj!PgOM P;M%jM0 OMMgr Ob- Mfj%O
47
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
The phrase, (Pb M]jbM) means You owe him, while (Pb mbM) means I owe him.
Page 136
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
Page 139
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Test No. 5
(1) What is (
)?
(2) How many cases does a noun have?
(3) How many types of (
) are there?
(4) When will a noun be regarded to be in (w\
*),
(9|%
masculine and
feminine plurals?
(7) What is the (
) of (R|%
> ")?
(8) How will words like ('2) etc. be read in all three
cases?
(9) If the definite article is removed from words like
('2) etc. how will they be read in all three cases.
(10) Form the dual and plural of (&).
(11) What is ()
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
are they
called?
(19) Add a pronoun to the word (bM) and form its
paradigm.
Page 141
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 12
Indicative Pronouns
( !
"#$%&' )
Singular
Dual
Plural
Case
bX,
ObX,
O^bAP`,
w\
Masc.
bX,
Oj=bX,
O^bAP`,
6v 0 9|q
Fem.
O;OX,
OM,
O^bAP`,
w\
Fem.
O;OX,
OjM,
O^bAP`,
6v 0 9|q
Page 142
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Gender
Masc.
Masc.
Fem.
Fem.
Singular
Dual
Plural
Case
M]ObA0i-
w\
48
M]O%j=bF
M]ObA0i-
6v 0 9|q
M]ObA0i-
w\
M]ObA0i-
6v 0 9|q
M]rO
M]O%jM
l: ")
is
9 >$')49 according
48
49
Page 143
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
e
Pi?OF) That Allh is your Lord.
e^M$j"b-
tM_P).
The (
"
tM_P)
")
") will
Page 144
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
")
is
and (
Page 145
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
bj!PgOrVP$r).
(b) If the predicate does not have ( ), a pronoun will not be
inserted, e.g. (t
MfO
bX,)
tM_P)
is
Page 146
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Meaning
fig
tjO
lMj$P
redness
M!jb- a M
maternal uncle
tBbM a *bM
maternal aunt
t9j=M
doubt
M9j=M bA
no doubt
t.M$jb- a M
paternal uncle
tBm$M a *m$M
paternal aunt
jO2mfP$rb
pious
t j!irWM
aim
POM%M a tbj%M
scenery
YP,
guidance
t;j!PvP0 a tjvM0
face
b b#
he said
jbb#
she said
Page 147
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
ubyb
as if, like
M,jP
proof
e^m)Ob- a t9jO)b
doctor
Exercise No. 11
(A) Translate the following sentences into English:
Page 150
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Test No. 6
(1) What are the commonly used forms of the indicative
pronouns?
(2) Which of the indicative pronouns are declinable
(
)?
(3) What is the object that is pointed to called?
(4) How is the (OjbO tM_P) always used?
(5) Where should the (l:8
")
in the
Page 151
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 13
Interrogative Pronouns
( ()*+&,
#-' )
Meaning
who
jM
M
what
bFM
what
Mj=b-
what
Ub-
which (m)
*m=b-
which (f)
jO
M<jb
how
Mj=b-
where
fM
when
M$O
why
Page 152
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
bFM$O
why
6qb-
^@-) and
Page 153
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
OM$O)
3. The (lv
Meaning
whose
jM$O
50
M$O
why
jb?O
how much
Mj=b- bO
till where
Mj=b- jO
from where
fM bO
till when
from what
from whom
from what,
regarding what
Page 154
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
M$jO\
in what
R0)
$M,jO jb)
How many
*M%M" jb )
).
Its
)
is (0). Sometimes it is
).
(MTMYj%O o*mOP jO jb)
) and
have?
(O^Mb2iVr
bM MPfr\MM MjOqMqM j0b- oM%j=O jO jb) I spent many gold
tjb-
Meaning
matter, command
MjM
between
tj)O
ink
*Mj$M
five
*mOP
rupee
Page 156
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
tM$O" a tjO$M"
fat
UOj0PM'
necessary
*MO\M
comfort
M|M
stick
Oj)Ogr Pbb#
fountain pen
OIMm Pbb#
pencil
lM0M
ink bottle
tmb#
powerful
tYOM0
one
tjO$M=
tMM=
*M,Ob\
agile, lively
Exercise No. 12
(A) Translate into English:
Page 157
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
lM0M O;OXM,
M9M,bF M (11)
jhM e
b-
M]M jM (13)
jhO)Mq O
i j!P"M tYm$MgP
jO%j=O P.b/j"Orb
Page 158
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
. jUOYhM" M= O
PYj)M jO$j"O PYbM0 M= M]P$j" M (1
oYm$MgP Pj PYM$jb- PP$j"O O
MYj)M M= M]jOb- Pj" M (2
. b*u?M jO PjgMq jPfjqb- Mj=b- jO (3
. OYj%Or bO bj!P)O,bF PjgMq jPfjqb- bj!P)O,bF Mj=b- bO (4
. O*MO\MrO PjgMq O
PYj$Mgrb ji?iM M<jb (5
jUOYhM" M= obAj0b- i*Mj$M jO PYOM M= M]b YbM0 jb (6
lMO'M fj%O bj!Pj$M jUOYhM" M= O*M"MjYM$r O\ lMO'M fj%O jb (7
.O*M"MjYM$r O\ M.j!Mrb
. tYOM0 tEb-M0 OMfji- jO OBM!MybrM0 OM!jOr MO M]b jb (8
*mOP Mj=Oj_OO ilMb2M)r O;OXM, i*M%jO$m ilMb2M)r O;OXM, jb?O (9
UOj0PM' ojbyO tOMv Mqb- M%PM, Mjqb- tOMv MO (10
. MUM|M MO, M"j!P M= M]O%jO$MO M]rO M (11
. O
OYj%O jO M!P, jbb# bX, O]b mqb- b b# (12
. Omb2r OYOM!r OuO M.j!Mr P]rP$r OM$O (13
. t9j=Ob# O
Mj|Mq uO bAb- O
Pj|Mq fM (14
(C) Answer these questions in Arabic using the words you
Page 159
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*)
*) and
./
01
Yf)
*= *@ *
Page 162
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
2&
34
/
56
*V
R!!
Yf)
dM)dM
*= *@ *
(3)
7&%
856
./
%9
0{d
6v R
.Vf" "
Yf)
M)dMrO f
*Vf" *@ *
Page 163
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
:0;
8
<=%>
+
0%?
+
4@
0
R
6v
!V
\
\
R
.Vf"
VrO f
*Vf" *\ *
Test No. 7
(1) Which words constitute the (.Vf"8
(.Vf"8
^@)
and the
two?
(2) Where should the (.Vf"8
^@)
be placed in a
sentence?
(3) From the (.Vf"8
(4) How many
the
Page 164
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 165
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 14
The Verb
1. Verbs are of two types: (1) one is (') which indicates
that an action has been completed, e.g. (M9Mfb) he wrote. (2)
the second is (N[) which indicates that an action has not
been completed but is being done or will be done, e.g.
(P9Pfr?M=) he is writing or he will write.
Some morphologists51 regard the imperative (-) as a third
category of verbs.
Generally a verb has three root letters (Ob/i), e.g. (M9Mfb) he
wrote. Some verbs have four root letters (OMP), e.g. (MMvjM)
he translated.
Note 1: The root letters of a word are called (lmM). In verbs,
the (9
X Y0)
51
Page 166
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
X Y0)
- so that the
(') - the past tense (or perfect tense) comes on the scales
of (bMb\), (bOb\) and (bPb\). Examples: (M
MM') he hit, (MwO$M") he
heard and (M.Pb) he was noble. Details of this will be
provided in Lesson 16 while the quadriliteral verb ()
will be discussed in Lesson 25.
All the word forms of the past tense are as follows:
Page 167
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Person
Gender
Word-Form
Verb
He wrote
3rd
person
masc.
singular
M9Mfb
dual
M)Mfb
plural
j!P)Mfb
singular
jM)Mfb
dual
MfM)Mfb
plural
Mj)Mfb
singular
Mj)Mfb
dual
M$Pfj)Mfb
plural
jPfj)Mfb
singular
Oj)Mfb
dual
M$Pfj)Mfb
plural
mPfj)Mfb
m/f
singular
Pj)Mfb
m/f
dual/
plural
M%j)Mfb
They 2
wrote
They wrote
fem.
She wrote
They 2 f.
wrote
They f.
wrote
You wrote
You 2 wrote
2nd
person
masc.
You wrote
You f. wrote
fem.
You 2 f.
wrote
You f. wrote
I wrote
We wrote
1st
person
Page 168
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
case.
Note 4: When joining the verb (jM)Mfb) to the succeeding
word, delete the final sukn (jazm) and replace it with a
kasrah, e.g. (M
j!Pfr?M$r
i*M$MP$r OM)Mfb)
letter.
The alif and (0) of those words which have them at the end
will not be pronounced when joining them to the
succeeding word, e.g. (M
j!Pfr?M$r
Page 169
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
M%jOM: ... MjOM: a MfMOM: a jMOM: a j!POM: a MOM: a M
OM:
M%jPb ... a MjPba MfMPb a jMPb a j!PPb a MPba M.Pb
6. The scales of (bMb\), (bOb\) and (bPb\) are of (R0
')
When one wants to indicate the person/item on which the action is done
without mentioning the doer, the passive verb is used, e.g. The book was
taken.
52
Page 170
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
hit Bakr.
9. You read in the sixth lesson that a sentence beginning
with a verb is called (*\
which is in (w\
53
Page 171
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
meat, (OjM)r
O\) - in the
!V)
!V).
10. In a (*\
*$Pv),
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
jM)Mfb) -
Meaning
to eat
to send
Page 173
PTPjfM= MTMM
to leave
PCPjM= MCMM
to go out
iPjYM= bMM
to enter
P9irWM= M9bb
to seek
PwirWM= Mwbb
to rise
P PjM= M Mb
to set
P9OjM= M9bb
to overcome
PMfrVM= MMfb\
to open
PDMrVM= MDOb\
to be happy
PMrVM= MOb\
to understand
iPfr2M= bMfb#
to kill
PM{j%M= MM{Mq
to succeed
bj!PMr#b-
relatives
Mj=OXub
those, who
brb-
now
br bO
till now
tj=Oj$M
to nurse
Page 174
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
*m%Mv
garden
twjO$Mv
all
tNj0PPG a tNjMG
crop
tSOM"
thief
lMMM:
evidence, testimony
t.Mb
food
P.Mrb
t.b/i
boy, servant
tDjb\
happiness
*bO\
group
M!r#b- a j!b#
statement
M$mqbyb
as if
M$b
like
ubyO
because
Vj_MfjP$rb
hospital
'jM a tj=OM
sick person
uAO
except
Page 175
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
MR
then, because
p^j}Pv
part, section
Exercise No. 13
(A) Note the use of the active and passive tenses in the
following sentences and translate them:
G>)H D
EFD D
i1ji2r b-Oi#
Vj_Mf
j P$rb bO mPfr5OP mPfjqb-
Question
Pj%O n^j}Pv PBr-Mb# jUOYhM" M= jMMq b1ji2r MBr-Mb# rM, PYjO:M M=
b*MOM)r PPfj)Mfb jMMq
Pj$m_ OMbb M
bX, jO\ YbM0 bj!Pj$M MM{Mq OMgOfjOr O\ MM{Mq YbM0 jb
O.Mr
hUO!M%m
ji?bj!b# M%j$Ob\ M
OlMMm_O Pj)Oi
(C) Note the use of the verbs in the following verses of the
Qurn:
. O
OrFOO lMjO5b *bO\ jM)bb o*bjOb# o*bO\ jO jb (1)
M(m% bMfb# M$mqybb?b\ OJjc O\ oMb\ j0b- orVMq OjMO rVMq bMfb# M (2)
. O$Mv
Page 178
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Did Hmid eat the food? No, he did not eat the
food till now.
Did you drink the water? Yes, I ate the food and
drank the water.
What did you eat today? I ate bread and meat.
Did your sister go to the madrasah? Yes, she went
one hour ago.
When did the sun rise? The sun rose now.
Who entered the musjid? They are the teachers of
the madrasah.
Who is that who came out of the house? That is
54
55
Page 179
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
my small brother.
Did you (f) understand my statement? We did not
understand your speech.
Why did you (pl. f.) not understand my
statement? Because your language is Arabic.
O Khlid, was any lion killed? Yes, a large lion
was killed.
Who killed the lion? Sir, I killed the lion.
Where was your servant sent? He was sent to the
market.
Page 180
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Lesson 15
The Imperfect
(I
JD 4*)
N[)
V
V) is as follows:
Page 181
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Person
Gender
WordForm
Verb
He is opening or he
will open
They 2 are opening or
they will open
They are opening or
they will open
She is opening or she
will open
They 2 f. are opening
or will open
They f. are opening or
will open
You are are opening
or will open
You 2 are opening or
will open
You (all) are opening
or will open
You f. are opening or
will open
You 2 f. are opening
or will open
You (all f.) are
opening or will open
I am are opening or
will open
We are are opening or
will open
3rd
person
masc.
singular
PMfrVM=
dual
OMgMfrVM=
plural
bj!PgMfrVM=
singular
PMfrVM
dual
OMgMfrVM
plural
MjgMfrVM=
singular
PMfrVM
dual
OMgMfrVM
plural
bj!PgMfrVM
singular
MjOgMfrVM
dual
OMgMfrVM
plural
MjgMfrVM
m/f
singular
PMfr\b-
m/f
dual/
plural
PMfrVMq
fem.
2nd
person
masc.
fem.
1st
person
Page 182
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
V) imperfect also comes on three scales: (iMrVM=), (iOrVM=) and (iPrVM=).
The (N[) - imperfect of (MMfb\) is (PMfrVM=), of (M
MM') is (P
Oj[M=)
and of (M.Pb) is (P.Pr?M=). The details will follow in Lesson 16.
Note 1: The words (PMfrVM) and (OMgMfrVM) appear several times in
the paradigm. Understand them well. One has to see the
context to determine the meaning.
Note 2: As in (') - the perfect tense, the (N[
V) -
4. To construct the (
N[)
- imperfect
Page 183
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
N[
come to know.
6. You know that ($') - pronouns are used in place of the
*!|% $[
- attached
Page 184
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
$[
Page 185
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
PMMM'
singular
M$PMMM'
dual
jPMMM'
plural
bMMM'
singular
M$PMMM'
dual
mPMMM'
plural
M]MMM'
singular
M$i?MMM'
dual
ji?MMM'
plural
O]MMM'
singular
M$i?MMM'
dual
mi?MMM'
plural
Page 186
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
jO%MMM'
singular (m/f)
M%MMM'
The same pronouns can be attached to the (N[) imperfect tense, e.g. (PPOj[M=), (M$PPOj[M=), (jPPOj[M=) till (M%POj[M=).
In a similar manner, the above-mentioned pronouns can be
attached to every word-form of every verb.
However, when attaching a pronoun to the ('
X w)
*!|% $[)
Page 187
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
P;m=O
singular
M$P,m=O
dual
jP,m=O
plural
M,m=O
singular
M$P,m=O
dual
mP,m=O
plural
MTm=O
singular
M$im=O
dual
jim=O
plural
OTm=O
singular
M$im=O
dual
mim=O
plural
Page 188
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
MUm=O
singular (m/f)
Mqm=O
MTm=O
)
in the
Meaning
to create
PijM= MbM
Pwb\jM= Mwb\M
to raise
ibjM= bbM"
to ask
POrM= Mbb
to oppress
PYP)jM= MYM)M
to worship
Page 189
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
iM$jM= bO$M
to work, act
PiWrVM= MbWb\
to create
iMrVM= bMb\
to do
P]Oj$M= M]bM
to own
Pij%M= MbMq
to look
OO
camel
M,b-
more/most important
M$mqO
only
j=OM
innocent
j!iWP a tbWM
stomach
PYOMMv a lMYj=OMv
newspaper
jmi musjid
j!P=OM
radio
Ojb-
yesterday
Yb
tomorrow
M)M
morning
n^MM
evening
Page 190
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
M'
harm
tYOM
worshipper
lM!jb#
coffee
O
bFMM
!M j=O a O
M0 jUO
By Allh
twjvM0
pain
MfM= a tjOfM=
orphan
PwbVj%M= MwbVMq
to benefit
Exercise No. 14
(A) Note the use of the (N[) - imperfect tense and
translate the following sentences:
. /jOb# PP$Mr\b- jMMq mOMMr bM PMrVM rM, (1)
. PM=jM jOfji- PP)Pfr?M M
MfO?r bX, P9Pfr?M= jM (2)
Ab Mqb- jUOYhM" M= .P9Pfr?M bA Mjqb-M0 YhMv P9Pf?r M MO, ! e
c^M: M (3)
. jvM0 jUOYM= jO\ ubyO P9PfrbPage 191
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
Page 192
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
. b!P$bjM= b
M O2O\M%P$r mO? M0 MO%Oj`P$rO M0 OO!P"MO M0 ilm}Or OuO M0
m$h p^UOM rMqb- M0 iM$jb- m$O b!i=OM jPfqb- ji?iM$M ji?b M0 OM$M jO
. b!iM$jM
. b!P$OrM= jPMiVqb- M(m% mO?db M0 jM: M(m% POrM= bA Mx uO
. rVMq bA M0 M' OrVM%O P]Ojb- uA i#
.Mq jOOq!iWP O\ b!iiryM= M$mqO $ri MfMr b M!jb- b!iiryM= M=OXu
. jOqMbWb\ jUOXu PYP)jb- bA O MM0
.jMO\P M<jb O^M$m bO M0 jb2OP M<jb O OOr bO b0Pi%M= bb\bPYP)jb- M b0PYOM jPfqb- b M0 b0PYP)jM M PYP)jb- b b0PO\b?r M=b- M= ri#
M0 ji?P%=O ji?b PYP)jb- M b0PYOM jPfqb- b M0 jYM)M m tYOM Mqb- b M0
. O=O MO
. bj!ibjP= jP, M0 iMrVM= m$M ibjP=bA
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Page 193
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 194
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
An Arabic Letter
Read the following letter and note how a letter is written in
Arabic.
: OjO\ Pj)MfbM0 OjOm| jOb- bO j!Pfr?M M.j!Mr PrM"jb- Mqb}P j=O}Mr PEbyr M=bPPbMMM0 O
i*M$jMM0 j?jbM P.b/mb
j Ob2b\P M0 Mqb- PBr-Mb# jhqb- bj!P$bjM m$b Yj=OY:M Mb\ bj!PMrVM ji?PjO$Mv jPfjqbjO /jOb# PMrVMq brM0 o*bjOb# olmYP jO\ O
Mbyr bjOjM O
MfO jO b m0byr c^j}P{r
e
c^M: rO i-MY)jM%M"M0 hOMMr O\ j!Pfr?M M.j!Mr P9Pfrb- bXOM0 O
MMr MO
. O
MfO?r bX, jO jOqu5 c^j}P{r OjMj!M= MYjM MM
O Pfi?r br5O o9j M|O Mjb YOv jM" PmqOb\ M
MfO?r bX, i-Mr2M bA MO jOb- M=
9
. /jM" P;MqjYMvM!b\ P;Mqr-Mb# PjgMq . O*M$j=OYb2r O*mOMMr O(OMYM$r O\ O*M{Om
PP)MjgM= M$b o9jM|O Mjb mOMMr ub- M
MfO?r bX, MBr-MYM bFO Mjqb- PbjMfM"M0
. bj!P)OuW
Page 195
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 197
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 198
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 199
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com
Page 200
Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/
Presented by www.ziaraat.com